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AU 15- Periodontology > Anatomy of the Periodontium > Flashcards

Anatomy of the Periodontium Flashcards

1
Q

What four parts make up the periodontium?

A
  1. Gingiva
  2. Periodontal Ligament
  3. Root Cementum
  4. Alveolar Bone (ABP)
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2
Q

Cementum is connected to PDL through _________.

A

Sharpey’s Fibers

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3
Q

The alveolar bone proper has two plates: the inner plate is on the ____side, the outer plate is on the ____ side.

A

inner: PDL-side
outer: gingival-side

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4
Q

What are the two main functions of the PDL?

A
  1. attach the tooth to bony tissue of the jaw

2. Maintain integrity of masticatory mucosa

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5
Q

When does the periodontium begin development and from where do cells originate?

A 
Early in embryonic phase
neural crest (neural tube)
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6
Q

Neural crest cells will migrate into the _____ branchial arch and form _______ beneath the stomadeal epithelium.

A

first

ectomesenchyme

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7
Q

What are the three forms of the dental lamina?

A

Bud, Cap, Bell

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8
Q

Ectomesenchyme condenses around the dental organ to form the dental papilla which will give rise to _____ and _____.

A

Dentin and Pulp (dental papilla!)

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9
Q

What does the dental follicle give rise to?

A

Periodontium (dental follicle!)

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10
Q

Dental Papilla determines the _____ of the tooth; whereas, dental follicle determines the _______.

A

shape

periodontium/root

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11
Q

The outer and inner enamel epithelium proliferate apically and form ______.

A

Hertwig’s Epithelial Root Sheath

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12
Q

Which forms first, cementum or dentin?

A

Dentin is first

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13
Q

When does cementum production begin?

A

The root sheath breaks down and forms fenestrations, ectomesenchymal cells of the follicle contact the root surface and induces the differentiation of these cells into cementoblasts.

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14
Q

Inner cells of the root sheath secrete enamel-related proteins known as _______.

A

Amelogenins

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15
Q

________ induces differentiation of ectomesenchymal cells into cementoblasts.

A

Amelogenin

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16
Q

Periodontal ligament is formed by ________ that are differentiated from dental follicle _____ to the cementum.

A

Fibroblasts

lateral

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17
Q

_______ differentiate from dental follicle ectomesenchymal cells (ABP).

A

Osteoblasts

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18
Q

How long after eruption does the root complete its formation?

A

3 years

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19
Q

True or False: Ectomesenchymal cells remain in mature periodontium.

A

True; ectomesenchymal cells participate in turnover

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20
Q

Definition: Part of the masticatory mucosa which covers the alveolar process and surrounds the cervical portion of the teeth.

A

Gingiva

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21
Q

What are the three parts of gingiva?

A

Free Gingiva
Attached Gingiva
Interdental Papilla

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22
Q

True or False: The free gingival groove can always be found in a patient where the free and attached gingiva meet.

A

False: although that is the location, it is not always visible in the mouth

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23
Q

Maxillary and mandibular differences in gingival appearance include stippling in ________ and thinness in _______.

A

maxillary

mandibular

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24
Q

Describe the boundaries of free gingiva.

A

Free gingiva is between the free gingival margin and free gingival groove (FGM–>FGG)

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25
Q

Free gingiva is made up of ________epithelium.

A

keratinized

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26
Q

________ is the coronal end of gingiva and is located 1.5-2.0 mm coronal to the CEJ.

A

Free gingival margin

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27
Q

The _____ corresponds to the CEJ in health, whereas the _____ is coronal to the CEJ in health.

A

Free Gingival Groove at the CEJ

Free Gingival Margin coronal to CEJ

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28
Q

Gingival epithelium is made of what three subcategories?

A

Oral Epithelium
Sulcular Epithelium
Junctional Epithelium

29
Q

_____ epithelium faces the oral cavity; _______ epithelium faces the tooth surface (without contacting it).

A

Oral

Sulcular

30
Q

______ epithelium provides contact between gingiva and the tooth (marks transition between free and attached)

A

Junctional

31
Q

During a gingivectomy, which part of the gingiva is removed? Can it regenerate?

A 
Oral Sulcular (OSE)
yes
32
Q

On a microscopic level, free gingiva spans from ____ to _____.

A

Free Gingival Margin to Junctional Epithelium

33
Q

Name three characteristics of attached gingiva.

A
  1. Firm texture
  2. Coral Pink
  3. Immobile
34
Q

True or False: the width of attached gingiva increases with age.

A

True (passive eruption)

35
Q

Lingually, the attached gingiva of the mandible is narrowest in the ______ region and widest in the _____ region.

A

Incisor

Molar

36
Q

Bucally, the attached gingiva is narrowest in the _____ region and widest in the _____ region.

A

premolar

incisors

37
Q

Definition: the junction between attached gingiva and alveolar mucosa.

A

Mucogingival Junction (MGJ)

38
Q

True or False: There is no mucogingival junction in the palate.

A

True

39
Q

Why is there no mucogingival junction in the hard palate?

A

MGJ marks a change between keratinized to unkeratinized epithelium. The hard palate is ALL keratinized

40
Q

What are four functions of the attached gingiva?

A
  1. Withstand friction
  2. Provide thick connective tissue
  3. Support MG
  4. Prevent inflammation via width and thickness
41
Q

True or False: 60% of adults have stippling of maxillary gingiva.

A

False: only 40% (regardless of health)

42
Q

Another name for marginal gingiva is ______.

A

sulcus

43
Q

Keratinized gingiva minus marginal gingiva =

A

attached gingiva

44
Q

The contact relationships between adjacent teeth, the width of proximal tooth surfaces, and the course of the CEJ will determine the shape of the _______.

A

interdental papilla (IP)

45
Q

True or False: Interdental papilla only exist if teeth are present on both sides.

A

True

46
Q

The concavity seen in contact areas of premolar and molar regions is know as _____.

A

Col

47
Q

The col/interdental papilla is ______ epithelium.

A

nonkeratinized

48
Q

At what age will the bottom of the gingival sulcus of a healthy mouth be found apical to the CEJ?

A

age 40-60

49
Q

Molars have ______ interdental papilla than premolars.

A

wider

50
Q

Which teeth are at highest risk for periodontal diseases?

A

Molars, because they have the largest interdental papilla (nonkeratinized)

51
Q

What are three qualities of oral epithelium?

A
  1. keratinized
  2. stratified
  3. squamous
52
Q

Squamous epithelium of the oral cavity are also called ________.

A

keratinocytes

53
Q

What are the four layers of oral epithelium from inside (connective tissue side) to outside?

A

Basal Layer
Prickle Cell Layer (spinosum)
Granular Cell Layer (granulosum)
Keratinized Cell Layer (corneum)

54
Q

The keratinized cell layer may be either orthokeratinized or parakertinized; what is the difference?

A

ortho- no nucleus

para- nuclear remnants

55
Q

From the basal layer (innermost) to the granular cell layer, the number of desmosomes _____.

A

increases

56
Q

From the basal layer (innermost) to the granular cell layer, the number of organelles _____.

A

decreases

57
Q

From the basal layer (innermost) to the granular cell layer, the number of cytoplasmic tonofilaments _______.

A

increases

58
Q

90% of the cells of the oral epithelium are _____.

A

keratinocytes

59
Q

What type of cells synthesize pigment?

A

melanocytes

60
Q

What type of defense cells are most numerous in the oral epithelium?

A

Langerhans

61
Q

What type of sensory cells are prevelent in the oral epithelium?

A

Merkel’s Cells

62
Q

Where is the basement membrane?

A

between the basal layer of the oral epithelium and the underlying connective tissue

63
Q

The basement membrane of oral epithelium is ____ thick, rich in _____, and contains _______ complexes.

A

1-2 micrometers thick
rich in glycoproteins
contains protein-polysaccharide complexes

64
Q

What are the two layers of the basement membrane?

A 
Lamina Lucida (next to basal layer)
Lamina Densa (next to CT)
65
Q

How is epithelium connected to the basement membrane?

A

Hemidesmosomes (two cells connect hemidesmosomes to form a desmosome)

66
Q

Which biotype of epithelium will show greater signs of stippling?

A

Thick

67
Q

Stippling is caused by the fusion of _______.

A

rete pegs (epithelial ridges)

68
Q

Rete pegs intertwine with _________.

A

Connective tissue papillae

AU 15- Periodontology (11 decks)

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