Classification of Periodontal Diseases Flashcards
Successful management of periodontal disease depends on the ability of the clinician to _______.
accurately diagnose periodontal disease state
What are periodontal diseases?
a diverse family of complex and distinct pathological entities found within the periodontium that are the result of a variety of etiologies
What are the two types of diseases that are defined by severity of destruction?
- Plaque induced gingival disease
2. Destructive periodontal disease (periodontitis)
What characteristics are common to all gingival diseases?
- signs and symptoms that are confined to the gingiva
- presence of dental plaque to initiate or exacerbate
- Signs of inflammation (dark red, edema, BOP)
Is inflammation a predictor for periodontal disease?
No, out of 100 people with gingival inflammation only three will have attachment loss
Gingival diseases can be modified by systemic factors such as ___, ___, ____, or _____.
the endocrine system
blood dyscrasias
medication
nutrition
Puberty-associated, menstrual cycle-associated, pregnancy-associated, and diabetes-associated gingivitis could all be classified as _____ gingival diseases.
Endocrinotropic
What is an example of gingival disease associated with blood dyscriasia?
leukemia-associated gingivitis
-gingival lesions
Which nutrient deficiency has been associated with gingival disease but does not have conclusive evidence for its relationship to periodontitis?
ascorbic acid (vitamin c) which is important for connective tissue synthesis -scurvy
True or False: More women have gingival inflammation.
false
_____ periodontitis manifests with pocket formation, loss of attachment, bone loss, and tooth mobility.
Chronic
In chronic periodontitis, destruction is consistent with ______.
local factors (plaque, calculus, microbes) *increases risk...is not etiological agent*
True or False: Chronic Periodontitis has a definitive microbial pattern.
False
In chronic periodontitis, what is the speed of progression?
slow to moderate
Chronic periodontitis may be modified by ________ or _________.
systemic diseases
environmental factors
Chronic periodontitis can be classified based on _____ and ______.
Extent
Severity
What is the rule when discussing extent of chronic periodontitis?
less than 30% of sites = localized
more than 30% of sites = generalized
What is the rule for classifying chronic periodontits based on severity?
1-2 mm of AL = slight
3-4 mm of AL = moderate
>5 mm AL = severe
What is aggressive periodontitis?
periodontitis found in those who are otherwise healthy, have familial aggregation, and who see rapid progression
In aggressive periodontitis, ______ may not be clinically present.
Local factors (plaque is not consistent with periodontal destruction)
In aggressive periodontitis, which two organisms are typically elevated?
A.a and P.g
Aggressive periodontitis patients often have hyper-responsive ______ and ____ abnormalities.
macrophage phenotype
phagocyte
How is local aggressive periodontitis classified?
interproximal attachment loss on at least two first-molars and incisors with no more than two other teeth varieties
How is generalized aggressive periodontitis classified?
interproximal attachment loss affecting at least three permanent teeth other than first molars and incisors
Chronic periodontitis affects approximately ___% of adults and ____% of seniors.
20
50
Incidence of aggressive periodontitis is _____% localized and ____% generalized.
- 2
0. 13
How does Trisomy 21 contribute to periodontitis?
Down Syndrome is associated with severe inflammation, accelerated attachment loss, and PMN chemotaxis defects. Also, there is a diminished care for self
Papillon-Lefevre and Chediak-Higachi are ______ _______ hereditary diseases that progress _____ in primary and permanent dentitions.
autosomal recessive
What is the difference between NUP and NUG?
necrotizing of periodontium vs gingiva
Necrotizing periodontal diseases are common in ______ situations and continue to be relevant in developing countries.
stressful
Which three traits are necessary for early diagnosis of Necrotizing Ulcerative Gingivitis?
- Necrotizing lesion of papilla that progresses toward margins
- Spontaneous bleeding
- Pain
What is necrotizing stomatitis?
involvement of the palatal mucosa
When is it appropriate or inappropriate to prescribe antibiotics for NPD?
With onset, antibiotics are inappropriate because overprescribing can cause establishment of uncontrollable stands of disease.
Once fever and malaise have set it, antibiotics can be used because these are signs of systemic involvement
True or False: Patients with extreme gingivitis will often have chronic periodontitis.
False, you CANNOT have them both. Chronic Perio occurs after attachment loss which means they can no longer be classified as having gingivitis
What is the prevalence of plaque-induced gingivitis?
40-50%
What is the prevalence of moderate chronic perio vs severe chronic perio?
moderate: 20%
severe: 13%
Aggressive Periodontitis occurs in ____% of african americans and ____% of caucasions.
2
0.2
What is a pericoronal abscess?
localized, acute inflammation of a partially erupted tooth. Commonly seen in 3rd molars
What is the main determinant in distinguishing aggressive from chronic periodontitis?
RATE OF PROGRESSION (age is a secondary consideration)
True or False: If an 18 male has more than 30% of teeth affected by attachment loss, he has generalized aggressive periodontitis.
False: percentage of teeth has nothing to do with aggressive perio
If a _______ is not involved but there are three teeth with attachment loss, the patient has generalized aggressive periodontitis.
first molar
Classify the Aggressive Perio:
- Two canines, First Molar, Lateral Incisors
- Canine, Premolar, Second Molar
- First Molar, Canine
- Two Premolars, First Molars, Second Molar
- localized
- Generalized
- localized
- Generalized
True or False: Attachment loss is always indicative of periodontitis.
False: if otherwise healthy (without inflammation), they could have gingival recession
