Pathoanatomy

Question 1

AC Sprain Type I

Answer 1

slight to partial damage of the AC ligament & capsule

Question 2

AC Sprain Type II

Answer 2

rupture of the AC ligament & partial damage to the coracoclavicular ligament

Question 3

AC Sprain Type III

Answer 3

complete tearing of the AC ligament & coracoclavicular ligaments; possibe invovlement of the deltoid & trapezius fascia

Question 4

AC Sprain Type IV

Answer 4

complete tearing of the AC ligament and Coracoclaicular ligaments and tearing of the deltoid and trapezius fascia

Question 5

AC Sprain Type V and VI

Answer 5

same as Type IV

Question 6

Hill-Sachs Lesion

Answer 6

caused by anterior dislocations and is a defect in the posterior humeral head’s articular cartilage cuased by the impact of the humeral head ont he glenoid fossa as the humerus attempts to relocate

Question 7

the shoulder is predisposed to rotator cuff tendinopathy

Answer 7

because of the relatively poor vascularization of the tendons which also hinders the healing process

Question 8

ape hand deformity

Answer 8

extension of the thumb & alignment in the same plane as the fingers

Question 9

athlete foot

Answer 9

tinea pedis - fungal infection

Question 10

baker cyst

Answer 10

synovial membrnae herniation into the popliteal fossa

Question 11

bankart lesion

Answer 11

damage to the anterior lip of the glenoid

Question 12

mallet finger (baseball finger)

Answer 12

rupture of extensor tendon from distal interphalangeal (DIP) joint

Question 13

battle sign

Answer 13

discoloration behind the ear due to a basilar skull fracture

Question 14

bennett fracture

Answer 14

fracture-dislocation to the proximal end of the first metacarpal at the carpal-metacarpal joint

Question 15

blow-out fracture

Answer 15

fracture of the orbital floor occuring as a result of a sudden increase in orbital pressure from a direct blow to the eye

Question 16

boutonniere deformity

Answer 16

rupture of the central slip of the extensor tendon at the PIP resulting in no active extensor mechanism at the PIP joint

Question 17

boxer’s fracture

Answer 17

fracture of the fifth metacarpal

Question 18

bucket-handle tear

Answer 18

longitudinal meniscal tear

Question 19

colle fracture

Answer 19

fracture involving a displaced radius 1.5 in from the wrist

Question 20

De Quervain’s syndrome

Answer 20

inflammatory stenosing tenosynovitis of the abductor pollicis longus & extensor pollicis brevis tendons

Question 21

dupuytren contracture

Answer 21

fibrosis of the palmar fascia with flexion deformity of the fourth & fifth digits

Question 22

fauu beard

Answer 22

hairy patch over lumbar spine indicating spina bifida occulta

Question 23

freiberg disease

Answer 23

avascualr necrosis to the second metatarsal head in some adolescents

Question 24

frozen shoulder

Answer 24

adhesive capsulitis of the shoulder

Question 25

golfer's elbow

Answer 25

medial epicondylitis

Question 26

gamekeeper's thumb

Answer 26

rupture of the ulnar collateral ligament (UCL) (volar ligament) of the thumb secondary to hyperextension & abduction

Question 27

gunstock deformity

Answer 27

a carrying angle of less than the 5 to 15 degrees valgus angluation

Question 28

hammer toe

Answer 28

flexsion deformity of DIP

Question 29

hip pointer

Answer 29

contusion of the iliac creast

Question 30

jersey finger

Answer 30

rupture of flexor digitorum profundus

Question 31

jones fracture

Answer 31

a transverse stress fracture of the proximal fifth metatarsal

Question 32

kher sign

Answer 32

referred pain down the left shoulder indicative of a ruptured spleen

Question 33

kienbock disease

Answer 33

avascuar necrosis of the lunate

Question 34

larsen-Johansson disease

Answer 34

inflammation or partial avulsion of the apex of the patella

Question 35

legg-calve-perthes disease

Answer 35

avasulcar necrosis of the proximal epiphysis

Question 36

lisfrank injury

Answer 36

injury to the tarsometatarsal joint

Question 37

little leaguer's shoulder

Answer 37

fracture of the proximal humeral growth plate

Question 38

little leaguer's elbow

Answer 38

tension stress injury of hte medial epicondyle

Question 39

marfan syndrome

Answer 39

connective tissue disorder

Question 40

McBurney Point

Answer 40

a point one third of the distance between the anteriior superior iliac spine (ASIS) & umbilicus. indicates appendicitis

Question 41

nightstick fracture

Answer 41

fracture to the ulna due to a direct blow

Question 42

osgood-schlatter diease

Answer 42

inflammation or partial avulsion of the tibial apophysis

Question 43

pronator syndrome

Answer 43

median nerve entrapped by the pronator teres

Question 44

raccoon eyes

Answer 44

delayed discoloration around the eyes from skull fracture