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Patho Phys > Patho Phys Ch 6 > Flashcards

Patho Phys Ch 6 Flashcards

1
Q

Actin

A

Thin myofilaments mostly protein

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2
Q

Agonist muscle

A

Muscle that causes other muscles to move

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3
Q

Antagonist muscle

A

Muscle that inhibits certain movements & returns it to its original resting position by opposing the muscle

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4
Q

Bone mass density (BMD)

A

X ray test that measures amount of minerals (calcium) in the bone

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5
Q

Cardiac muscle

A

Involuntary muscle found only in the heart

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6
Q

Compact bone

A

Hard, dense and tightly compact bone that covers the outer layer of bone

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7
Q

Contractility

A

Ability of muscle to shorten or contact

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8
Q

Dual energy X-ray absorptioment (DXA)

A

X-ray test that measures the amount of minerals (calcium) in bone

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9
Q

Elasticity

A

Muscles ability to return back to original length after contracting

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10
Q

Electromyography (EMG)

A

Test used to examine muscles disorder by inserting a needle in the patient’s muscle and recording electrical activity

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11
Q

Endomysium

A

Sheath of connective tissue around myofibrils

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12
Q

Excitability

A

Ability to respond to certain stimuli like electrical signals

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13
Q

Extensibility

A

Ability of muscle to be stretched

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14
Q

Flat bones

A

Bone that has a plate like structure

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15
Q

Involuntary muscle

A

Muscle that moves without conscious effort

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16
Q

Irregular bones

A

Bones that are in many different shapes and sizes

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17
Q

Long bones

A

Bones that are longer than they are wide

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18
Q

Myofibrils

A

Tiny strands of muscle fiber that makes up muscle

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19
Q

Myopathy

A

General term for muscle disease

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20
Q

Myosin

A

Thick myofilaments of protein

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21
Q

Osteocytes

A

Mature bone cells in the area surrounding the blood vessels in the bone

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22
Q

Osteomyelitis

A

Holes found in compact bone tissue

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23
Q

Primary mover muscle

A

Main muscle causing movement

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24
Q

Sarcomeres

A

Protein threads of small contractile units of striated muscle

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25
Q

Short bones

A

Bones that are cube like because they are similar in width and length

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26
Q

Skeletal muscles

A

Voluntary muscle fiber that looks like striated long cylinder like strands and attached to bones

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27
Q

Smooth muscle (visceral muscle)

A

Involuntary muscle found in the lining of hollow organs like intestines

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28
Q

Spongy bone

A

Porous sponge like bone

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29
Q

Synergistic muscle

A

Move to help assist the primary muscle’s movement

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30
Q

Trabeculae

A

Irregular holes that come from the bars and plates that make up the bones spongy appearance

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31
Q

Voluntary

A

Muscles that require conscious effort to move

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32
Q

Z lines

A

Myofilaments striations (dark bands) repeated throughout the muscle.

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33
Q

Smooth muscle

A

Involuntary muscle found within the lining of hollow organs such as the intestines and blood vessels and airways.

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34
Q

Primary mover

A

Main muscle causing movement

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35
Q

Synergy

A

Move to help assist the primary muscle’s movement

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36
Q

Adhesive capsulitis

A

known as a frozen shoulder, the shoulder becomes stiff and painful to move due to the lack of movement over time.

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37
Q

Bursitis

A

Inflammation of the fluid-filled sac found in joints.

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38
Q

Carpel tunnel syndrome

A

Inflammation pressing on wrists from strenuous pressing on the median nerve in the wrists from strenuous or repeated movemen

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39
Q

Cruciate ligament tear

A

Tear in the ACL (anterior cruciate ligament) or PCL (posterior cruciate ligament).

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40
Q

Dislocation

A

Total or complete seperation of a bone from a joint

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41
Q

Eversion

A

Ankle has moved or rolled outward

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42
Q

Herniated nucleus pulposus

A

Herniated vertebral disc

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43
Q

Inversion

A

Ankle turned inwards

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44
Q

Meniscal tear

A

Tear in the semi-lunar pads in the knees that are a cushion between the femur and the tibia.

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45
Q

Muscle strain

A

A pulled muscle

46
Q

Plantar fascitis

A

Condition of pain and inflammation occurring from small tears in the plantar fascia ligament from activities causing repeated pressure on the bottom of the foot such as running or walking long distances.

47
Q

Sprain

A

Complete or partial damage done to the ligaments such as tearing or stretching.

48
Q

Subluxation

A

A partially separated bone from a joint injury.

49
Q

Tendonitis

A

Inflammation of the tendon

50
Q

Torn rotator cuff

A

Stress injury in which a tear occurs in a tendon within a collection of muscles that hold the head of the humerus into the shoulder socket.

51
Q

Dislocation

A

Total or complete separation of a bone from a joint.

52
Q

Avulsion fracture

A

:Fracture causing a small bone fragment to separate from the bone where the tendon or ligament is attached.

53
Q

Closed reduction

A

Required when fracture does not require a surgery and needs only a cast to fixate the fracture.

54
Q

Colles’ and Pott’s Fracture

A

fracture at the end of the radius of a bone, usually wrist and feet injuries

55
Q

Comminuted fracture

A

Fracture in which the bone breaks into two halves with many bone fragments at the site of the break.

56
Q

Complete fracture

A

Fracture that goes completely through the bone

57
Q

Compression fraction

A

Collapsing of the vertebrae in the spinal column.

58
Q

Displaced fracture

A

Bone fragments are not in the original correct position.

59
Q

Extracapsular fracture

A

Break that occurs in the outside of the joint capsule

60
Q

Femoral neck fracture

A

Crack in the neck of the femur near the hip joint

61
Q

Green stick fracture

A

Classification of bone fracture in which one side of the bone breaks while the other side is bent, just as if it were a green tree limb.

62
Q

Hairline fracture

A

Very thin fracture line that resembles a strand of hair on an X-ray.

63
Q

Impacted fracture

A

Bone fracture that is forced into the end of another bone.

64
Q

Incomplete fracture

A

Break that does not completely separate the bone.

65
Q

Term:Intertrochanteric fracture

A

Fracture in the trochanter of the femur.

66
Q

Intracapsular fracture

A

Fracture occurring inside the joint of the capsule

67
Q

Kyphosis

A

Hump back curve of the spin

68
Q

Longitudinal fracture

A

Vertical Crack that goes the length of the bone

69
Q

Lordosis

A

Anteroposterior curve to the spine

70
Q

Oblique fracture

A

Transverse pattern of bone fracture

71
Q

Open fracture

A

Broken bone that goes through the skin on the injury

72
Q

Open reduction

A

Fracture requiring surgical correction such as the insertion of pins, screws, plates, and rods.

73
Q

Osteomalacia

A

Softening of the bones

74
Q

Osteomyelitis

A

Inflammation of the bone from bacterial infection

75
Q

Osteoporosis

A

Condition causing gradual decrease in bone density, causing the bones to become porous

76
Q

Satellite fracture

A

Cracks in bone that appear like star shaped pattern

77
Q

Scoliosis

A

Condition where spine appears to be in an S-shape from the lateral or sideways curvature of the spine.

78
Q

Simple fracture

A

Bone fracture that doesn’t break through the skin

79
Q

Spiral fracture

A

Crack that twists around a bone

80
Q

Subcapital fracture

A

A break in the femur at the proximal end of the bone

81
Q

Transverse fracture

A

Horizontal lines spanning across a bone at a 90-degree angle.

82
Q

Simple

A

Bone fracture that does not break through the skin

83
Q

Arthritis

A

Inflammation in a joint

84
Q

Gout

A

Condition of build-up of uric acid in the blood causing pin like crystals to develop.

85
Q

Osteoarthritis

A

Degenerative joint disease

86
Q

Rheumatoid arthritis

A

Common autoimmune condition that is known to attack the lining of joints.

87
Q

Systemic lupus Erythematosus

A

Chronic autoimmune disease where the body mistakes tissue such as joints, kidneys, skin, and other organs as a foreign invader.

88
Q

Temporo mandibular dysfunction

A

Inflamed disk like joints in the jaw

89
Q

Acetylcholine (AcH)

A

Neurotransmitters parasympathetic and sympathetic nervous system at the preganglionic sites and only the postganglionic sites of the parasympathetic nervous system.

90
Q

Acetylcholinesterase

A

Deactivates acetylcholine

91
Q

Astrocytes

A

Cells that keep blood vessels and neurons close together.

92
Q

Autonomic system

A

Controls function automatically

93
Q

Axon

A

Long fiber-like structure of a nerve cell stemming from the cell body.

94
Q

Axon terminal

A

The end of an axon

95
Q

Central nerve system

A

Consists of the Brain and spinal cord

96
Q

Dedrites

A

Branch-like structures that receive information from other nerve cells or environments and transmits the signals to the body.

97
Q

Ependymal

A

Nerve support cells that act as epithelial cells by covering the surfaces of cavities.

98
Q

Microglia

A

Neural support cells that attack microbes and remove any debris.

99
Q

Myelin sheath

A

Soft, fatty, white covering for certain nerve fibers or axons.

100
Q

:Neuroglia

A

Cells that support and protect structures in the nervous system.

101
Q

Neurons

A

Nerve cell that transmits impulses.

102
Q

Oligodendrocytes

A

Cells that hold nerve fibers together and also make up the fatty or lipid covering known as myeli

103
Q

Peripheral nervous system

A

All nerves outside the brain and spinal cord

104
Q

Somatic system

A

Controls voluntary muscles

105
Q

Synapse

A

The gap or space between the axon terminal and another cell.

106
Q

Central nervous system

A

Consists of the brain and spinal cord.

107
Q

peripheral nervous system (PNS)

A

All of the nerves outside of the brain and spinal cord.

108
Q

Muscular Dystrophy (MD

A

Disease caused by a defective gene resulting in the degeneration of the affected tissue.

109
Q

Plasmapheresis

A

Procedure used to remove antibodies from the patient’s bloodstream.

110
Q

:Tetanus

A

Also known as lockjaw; life-threatening condition caused byClostridium tetanibacteria

Patho Phys (6 decks)

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