Chpter 5 Flashcards
Apoptosis
Cellular death
Benign
Non cancerous
Binary fission
Asexual cellular reproduction forming 2 identical cells
Cell cycle
The total life span of eukaryotic cells; 2 major phases are known as interphase & the mitotic phase
Cellular reproduction
The process of one cell dividing into two cells, also known as cellular division
Cytokinesis
The division of the cellular cytoplasm
Cytokinesis
Division of the cellular cytoplasm
Eukaryotic cells
Cells having a true nucleus bounded by a nuclear membrane and containing cellular organelles
Interphase
Where the majority of the cell cycle is spent on normal functioning & stockpile needed materials for cellular division
Malignant
Cancerous
Mitosis
Cellular division used for tissue growth where daughter cells have the same number of chromosomes as original mother cell
Mitotic phase
Phase of actual cell division
Neoplasm
New growth that results from over production of cells forming a lump or tumor
Prokaryotic cells
Cells that lack a nucleus such as bacteria
Angiogenesis
Formation of new blood vessels
Cancer
General term for malignant growth
Carcinoma
General term for cancerous tumor
Carcinoma in situ
A cancer that is just sitting there in a particular tissue and hasn’t broken through the basement membrane and invaded other tissue or sites
Dysplasia
Abnormal tissue development
Hyperplasia
Excessive growth of normal cells
Leukemia
Malignant neoplasms of the blood and blood forming organs
Lymphoma
Malignant neoplasms of the lymphatic system
Malignant growths
Neoplasms whose cells are uncontrolled & have no function and an irregular structure
Neoplasia
New growth formation
Sarcoma
Cancerous tumor found in the connective tissue of bone fat or muscle
Human papilloma virus
An sexually transmitted virus associated with cervical cancer
Ultra violet radiation
High energy radiation from the sun or from tanning beds that can be carcinogenic with excessive exposure
Endoscopy
Viewing of internal portions of body and or passageway through use of flexible fiber optic scopes through which tissue biopsies also can be taken
Occult stool
Fecal test for blood or stool
Adoptive cell transfer
Cancer treatment using patients own selectively grown T cells
Angiogenesis inhibitors
Biological response modifier therapy that targets and destroys cancer-feeding blood vessels. Ex: Avastin
Antiandrogens
Meds that empress the production & effects of testosterone and can be used to treat prostate cancer. Ex: Eligard and bicalutamide
Antiemetics
Classification of drugs to treat nausea often given in conjunction with cancer treatment
Antiestrogens
Drugs that modify or block the cancer- causing effects of the hormone estrogen on breast tissue. Tamoxifen is an example of a selective estrogen receptor modifier
Anti metabolite
Cancer medication that interferes with cellular metabolism and thus interfere with cellular repair and reproduction. Drug ex, is methotrexate and fluorouacil
Anti neoplasticism agent
Meds that counteract the growth and spread of malignant cells
Biological response modifier therapy
Targets the cancer by manipulating the immune system to hunt down and specifically kill the cancer cells
Colony stimulating factors
Biological response modifier that stimulate the bone marrow to develop red and white blood cells and platelets which are often deficient in many concerns. Ex drug is erythropoietin
Interferons
Biological response modifier therapy that actively stimulates the body’s immune response to fight cancer
Mitotic inhibitors
Chemo agent derived from natural substances used to inhibit cellular reproduction of cancer cells. The drug paclitaxel from the bark of the pacific yew tree is an example
Monoclonal antibodies (MAB)
Biological response modifier therapy that uses genetically engineered antibodies that are too large to enter the targeted cell but can attach to the outside surface of the cancer cell thus tagging it for destruction by immune system
Palliative Therapy
Therapy aimed at alleviating symptoms such as pain or obstructions to improve the quality of life
Signal transduction inhibitors (STI’s)
Targeted cancer therapy agents that block specific enzymes and growth factors in cancer cells. Imatinib is an oral STI that is approved for chronic myelogenous leukemia and some rarer types of cancers
Targeted therapy
Precision med that targets the desired abnormal cell (usually cancerous) for treatment and does not affect normal cells
