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Patho Phys > Ch 3 > Flashcards

Ch 3 Flashcards

1
Q

Food and Drug Administration FDA

A

Federal agency ensures drugs are safe to use and prescribed drugs will be the same

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2
Q

1906 Pure food and drug act

A

Forces manufacturers that produce drugs for sale in the US to begin following minimum standards for purity, strength and quality

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3
Q

1938 Federal Food, drug and cosmetic act

A

Requires that all new rx drugs and OTC drugs be deemed safe by the FDA before marketing drugs, cosmetics and devices to the public

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4
Q

1970 Controlled Substances act (CSA)

A

Categorizes drugs by medical uses, the potential for drug abuse and/or dependency; requires those with prescribing or distributing privileges have a DEA# to stop fraud

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5
Q

1983 Orphan Drug act

A

Gives financial incentives to manufacturers that develop drugs to treat rare diseases

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6
Q

Acute pain

A

Sudden onset of pain

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7
Q

Chronic pain

A

Prolonged pain

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8
Q

Drug enforcement agency (DEA)

A

Established to enforce provisions of the 1970 controlled supply act

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9
Q

Drug legend

A

Statement warning that any distribution without a RX is prohibited by federal law

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10
Q

National Formulary (NF)

A

Book of preparations and standards for pharmaceuticals

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11
Q

Omnibus budget reconciliation act (OBRA) of 1990

A

Legislation that mandates pharmacies to ask customers if they would like to be educated about their meds at time of purchase

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12
Q

Over the counter (OTC)

A

Any meds bought without a prescription

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13
Q

Schedule I

A

Listing of drugs not currently used in medical treatment that have a high potential for abuse

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14
Q

Schedule II

A

Listing of drugs that have usage in medical treatment but with severe restrictions because of a high potential for abuse

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15
Q

Schedule III

A

List of drugs currently used in med treatment that has less of a potential for abuse that drugs in schedules I and II

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16
Q

Schedule IV

A

Listing of drugs currently used in medical treatment but have a slight potential for abuse

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17
Q

Schedule V

A

Currently used for medical treatment with less potential for abuse than drugs in schedule IV, slight possibility for abuse and may cause limited physical or psychological dependence

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18
Q

US pharmacopeia (USP)

A

Collection of drug standards and testing that determines the strength, purity and quality of a drug

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19
Q

US Pharmacopeia and the National Formulary (USP-NF)

A

A reference compiled by combining the USP and the NF to form one source

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20
Q

Brand names

A

Proprietary drug name owned by a company

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21
Q

Chemical name

A

Drug name used to describe the anatomic or molecular structure of a substance

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22
Q

Drug classification

A

Method used to group drugs in a meaningful way

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23
Q

Formulary

A

List of medications offered in a particular hospital or health care system

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24
Q

Generic name

A

Name not owned any a particular pharm company

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25
Q

Official name

A

Name given by the USP/NF after the drug has been approved for

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26
Q

Pharmacokinetics

A

Pertains to genetic differences that can cause drug to affect us in different ways, whether therapeutically or adversely

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27
Q

Pharmacogenomics

A

Analyzes human genes to better understand how an individuals genetics affects the body

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28
Q

Pharmacotherapy

A

The act of giving drugs targeted to treat disease

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29
Q

Prescription

A

Written orders for a certain therapy or med; also called scripts

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30
Q

Prototype

A

Drug that typifies a certain drug classification

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31
Q

Therapeutic level

A

Preferred level of a drug required to treat disease

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32
Q

Toxicology

A

Study of a chemicals & pharmacologic actions on the body with poisons and antidotes

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33
Q

Trade name

A

Proprietary name owned by a pharmaceutical company to market its creation to the public, brand name

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34
Q

Us Adopted Names Council

A

Group that gives names to generic meds

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35
Q

Absolute contraindication

A

Med or procedure is life threatening and the benefits don’t outweigh the risks, should not be administered

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36
Q

Adverse reactions

A

Can occur suddenly or over time & range from patient discomfort to possible death, side effects

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37
Q

American health System Formulary service (AHFS)

A

Book mostly for pharmacists that covers drug stability and chemical info

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38
Q

Cautions

A

List of certain pts that have conditions under which a drug should be used with close supervision

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39
Q

Contraindications

A

List of reasons why a certain drug should not be given

40
Q

Drug actions

A

Interactions between a drug & body at the cellular level

41
Q

Interaction

A

List of items that can interact & change a drug’s effect

42
Q

Labeled indications

A

Uses for what the drug is interested to treat

43
Q

Non labeled indication

A

When a drug or med is used to treat a condition for which it is not approved, can be used if research shows it beneficial

44
Q

Physicians desk reference (PDR)

A

Collection of specific drug info required by the FDA from drug manufacturer that includes pics of meds

45
Q

Relative contraindication

A

Drug or procedure that is only done if benefits outweigh the risks

46
Q

Side effects

A

Undesirable experience of meds that can occur fast or over time, adverse reactions

47
Q

Chemoinformatics

A

Use of analytical data about the properties, structure and molecular activities of chemical compounds used to design a drug

48
Q

Investigational new drugs (IND)

A

3 step process for a drug to be approved by the FDA for clinical use

49
Q

Local effect

A

Stimulation of a certain part or region of the body

50
Q

Pharmacognosy

A

Studies the natural sources of pharmaceutical

51
Q

Semisynthetic

A

Drug having a natural origin with a chemically altered variation

52
Q

Synthetic

A

Chemically manufactured drug

53
Q

Systemic effect

A

Effect of a drug on the entire body

54
Q

Investigational new drugs (IND)

A

3 step process for a drug to be approved by the FDA for clinical use

55
Q

Absorption

A

Drug dissolution into the patient’s bloodstream

56
Q

Agonist

A

Subs that binds to a receptor site & causes a response

57
Q

Additive

A

Effect that occurs when 2 drugs are taken separately, but at the same time together, summarize effect when 2 drugs are taken together

58
Q

Potentiation

A

When 2 or more drugs have increased response or a prolonged effect when given together

59
Q

Synergism

A

Effect when 2 or more drugs work together to reach an increased effect much greater than if either drug was given alone

60
Q

Antagonist

A

Blocks a desired effect, when 2 drugs are given & they cancel out the desired effect

61
Q

Bioavailability

A

Measurement of how much of a drug is found in our bloodstream

62
Q

Biotransforms

A

Chemical changes of a drug in the body as a result of metabolism

63
Q

Cumulative effect

A

Occurs when a drug is not eliminated from the body & the drug level accumulates

64
Q

Excretion

A

Stage at which the drug has been broken down to be eliminated from the body

65
Q

Ionized

A

Charged state in which drugs will not be absorbed until they reach a certain environment that allows them to become ionized, then they can be absorbed

66
Q

Lipid (fat) solubility

A

Ability to dissolve in lipids. Subs with low fat solubility are absorbed at a slower rate. While those with a high fat solubility are absorbs faster

67
Q

Metabolized

A

when a drug is broken down or biotransformed primarily done in the liver

68
Q

Nonionized

A

Noncharged state during which drugs can be absorbed through the membranes of the body & into the blood

69
Q

Ph

A

For drugs, it’s the range from acidity to alkalinity in the GI tract

70
Q

Pharmacodynamics

A

Actions from a drug in the body

71
Q

Pharmacokinetics

A

Movement of a drug through the body from absorption to elimination

72
Q

Prodrugs

A

Drugs that only become active as they are broken down into metabolites

73
Q

Selective distribution

A

Occurs when drugs have a greater affinity to reach a certain area than others, such as a cell or organ in the body

74
Q

Therapeutic range

A

Amount of drug present in the blood that gives the desired effect without causing any toxicity or side effects

75
Q

Volume of distribution (VD)

A

Areas where a drug can be distributed in the body

76
Q

Anaphylaxis reaction

A

A severe & potentially life threatening allergic reaction to a drug

77
Q

Booster dose

A

Given to maintain the desired immune response of a primary immuniztion

78
Q

Dependence

A

Occurs when a person has a desire or a need for a drug

79
Q

Half life (T 1/2)

A

The time for a drug dose to decreases by half after it is administrered

80
Q

Hypersensitivity

A

When a pt has an allergic reaction to a substance

81
Q

Idiosyncratic reaction

A

Type of adverse drug reaction that is uncommon in reponse to a drug

82
Q

Lethal dose

A

Drug dose causing death

83
Q

Loading dose

A

Larger Initial dose given to quickly establish the desired therapeutic effect

84
Q

Maintenance dose

A

Drug dose given to maintain a desired dose of drug in the blood

85
Q

Maximum dose

A

Largest dose without causing a toxic effect

86
Q

Minimum dose

A

Smallest dose of a drug required to obtain the desired therapeutic effect

87
Q

Paradoxical reaction

A

Drug reaction that does the opposite of what was intended

88
Q

Pregnancy category A

A

Category of drug that has been studied & shown to have no adverse fetal effects

89
Q

Pregnancy category B

A

Category of drug tested on animals with no adverse effects but not tested on pregnant women

90
Q

Pregnancy category C

A

Category of drug with no convincing studies done on animals or pregnant women to determine adverse effects

91
Q

Pregnancy category D

A

Category of drugs showing adverse effects to fetus & given only when benefits to mother outweigh fetal risk

92
Q

Pregnancy category X

A

Category of drugs showing adverse fetal affects & not to be used under any circumstances

93
Q

Steady state

A

Method of drug administration where the same amount of drug is eliminated as administration therefore giving a predictable effect

94
Q

Teratogenic effect

A

Drugs that can cause physical malformation in a fetus

95
Q

Therapeutic dose

A

The dose needed to obtain the desired effect

96
Q

Tolerance

A

Happens when a drug is taken repeatedly & had less effect on the person so a larger dose is required

97
Q

Toxic dose

A

Side effects that can results in poisoning the path

Patho Phys (6 decks)

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