Ch 2 Flashcards
Congenital disease
An inherited disease that is present at birth or later in life.
Congenital disorders can be
Chromosomal, single gene or multi factorial
Chromosomal disorders
Come from an abnormality of a whole or partial chromosome
Single gene disorder
More likely to a recessive or an inherited disorder
Multi factorial disorders
Come from the abnormality of many abnormal genes resulting in brain or heart diseases
parenteral nutrition
Nutrition given by injection
Enteral route
Peg tube (per cutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy) feeding tube placed during per cutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy procedure
Hyperplasia
Overgrowth of the same tissue is response to stimuli
Neoplasm
Tumors, new growths made of different cells or tissue
Benign
Non cancerous
Malignant
Cancerous
Cachexia
Wasting away
Acquired immunity
Developed over time as the body is exposed to pathogenic organisms and learns to combat them
Active acquired immunity
Happens when the body is exposed to a pathogen and make antibodies to defend itself
Passive acquired immunity
Happens with vaccines
Cell mediated immunity
Body’s chief defender from foreign substances
Humoral immunity
Comes from circulating antibodies like immunoglobulins
Autoimmunity
The body turns on itself
Immunodeficiency
Body is unable to defend itself from pathogens
Wheals
Itchy raised red patches
Anaphylaxis
Serious allergic reaction that results in loss of blood pressure
Non specific inflammation
Immunity that is permanent, born with, native or innate
Specific immune response
Developed through life adaptive
Opportunistic organisms
Wipes out normal flora and uses opportunity to invade
Bacteria
Single cell microorganisms that cause major infection
Primary infection
First exposure to bacterial infection, exposure
Secondary infection
A developed infection as a result of another illness
Viruses
Smaller than bacteria but need a host to survive
Capsid
Outer covering of the virus that has genetic coding
Mycosis
Fungi that cause disease
Rickettsiae
Nonmotile bacteria, needs a host to live and spread Ex: lice, ticks, fleas and mites
Protozoa
One cell member in the animal kingdom
Helminths
Parasitic worms. Ex: flatworms, roundworms, and flukes
Anthelmintics
Drug class used to treat worms
Pin worm
Most common parasitic intestinal worm in US
Hookworms
Mostly in tropical regions commonly affects wounds in the feet
Hyperemia
Increases blood flow
Neutrophil
Major WBC, part of innate immunity
Exudate
Leaks out
Diapedesis
Exudate crosses the semipermeable membrane and moves to the tissue
Phagocytosis
Neutrophils ingest the pathogen to kill it
Pus or purulent exudate
Yellow or white colored fluid with dead neutrophils
Chemotaxis
Ability of neutrophils to be triggered to go to a certain region in the body
Granuloma
The calcification of macrophages and fibrous tissue formed by collagen
Serous exudate
Clear and has small amounts of protein
Fibrinous exudate
Has fibrinogen which is needed for the clotting process
Lesion
Tissue or wound abnormality that comes from disease or physical trauma
Abscess
Tissue that forms around the infection and has pus
Ulcer
Sores that are internal or external and are cavitous or crater like that results in sloughing off tissue
Cellulitis
Bacterial infection in the skin that causes acute inflammation that warm and tender to the touch
Regenerative cell growth 3 ways
Miotic cells, facultative miotic cells, non dividing cells
Mitotic cells
Always dividing and found throughout the body
Facultative miotic cells
Divide only when needed to replace damaged cells
Non dividing cells
Don’t divide when damaged making it impossible for affected cells to heal or regain function
Primary union or first intention
Edges of the wound are clean and result in minimal damage to tissue
Secondary union or secondary intention
Large wounds loaded with debris and bacteria, making it difficult to heal
Debridement
Medical intervention that speeds up the recovery process by washing and removing foreign material and necrotic tissue
Keloid
Wound complication that happens when excess collagen forms, smooth hard and sensitive to touch
Dehiscence
When scar is not able to develop enough strength and the wound reopens
Adhesion
Normally developed internal scar but the organ sticks to the surface of adjacent structures
