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Patho Phys > Ch 2 > Flashcards

Ch 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Congenital disease

A

An inherited disease that is present at birth or later in life.

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2
Q

Congenital disorders can be

A

Chromosomal, single gene or multi factorial

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3
Q

Chromosomal disorders

A

Come from an abnormality of a whole or partial chromosome

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4
Q

Single gene disorder

A

More likely to a recessive or an inherited disorder

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5
Q

Multi factorial disorders

A

Come from the abnormality of many abnormal genes resulting in brain or heart diseases

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6
Q

parenteral nutrition

A

Nutrition given by injection

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7
Q

Enteral route

A

Peg tube (per cutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy) feeding tube placed during per cutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy procedure

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8
Q

Hyperplasia

A

Overgrowth of the same tissue is response to stimuli

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9
Q

Neoplasm

A

Tumors, new growths made of different cells or tissue

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10
Q

Benign

A

Non cancerous

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11
Q

Malignant

A

Cancerous

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12
Q

Cachexia

A

Wasting away

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13
Q

Acquired immunity

A

Developed over time as the body is exposed to pathogenic organisms and learns to combat them

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14
Q

Active acquired immunity

A

Happens when the body is exposed to a pathogen and make antibodies to defend itself

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15
Q

Passive acquired immunity

A

Happens with vaccines

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16
Q

Cell mediated immunity

A

Body’s chief defender from foreign substances

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17
Q

Humoral immunity

A

Comes from circulating antibodies like immunoglobulins

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18
Q

Autoimmunity

A

The body turns on itself

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19
Q

Immunodeficiency

A

Body is unable to defend itself from pathogens

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20
Q

Wheals

A

Itchy raised red patches

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21
Q

Anaphylaxis

A

Serious allergic reaction that results in loss of blood pressure

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22
Q

Non specific inflammation

A

Immunity that is permanent, born with, native or innate

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23
Q

Specific immune response

A

Developed through life adaptive

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24
Q

Opportunistic organisms

A

Wipes out normal flora and uses opportunity to invade

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25
Q

Bacteria

A

Single cell microorganisms that cause major infection

26
Q

Primary infection

A

First exposure to bacterial infection, exposure

27
Q

Secondary infection

A

A developed infection as a result of another illness

28
Q

Viruses

A

Smaller than bacteria but need a host to survive

29
Q

Capsid

A

Outer covering of the virus that has genetic coding

30
Q

Mycosis

A

Fungi that cause disease

31
Q

Rickettsiae

A

Nonmotile bacteria, needs a host to live and spread Ex: lice, ticks, fleas and mites

32
Q

Protozoa

A

One cell member in the animal kingdom

33
Q

Helminths

A

Parasitic worms. Ex: flatworms, roundworms, and flukes

34
Q

Anthelmintics

A

Drug class used to treat worms

35
Q

Pin worm

A

Most common parasitic intestinal worm in US

36
Q

Hookworms

A

Mostly in tropical regions commonly affects wounds in the feet

37
Q

Hyperemia

A

Increases blood flow

38
Q

Neutrophil

A

Major WBC, part of innate immunity

39
Q

Exudate

A

Leaks out

40
Q

Diapedesis

A

Exudate crosses the semipermeable membrane and moves to the tissue

41
Q

Phagocytosis

A

Neutrophils ingest the pathogen to kill it

42
Q

Pus or purulent exudate

A

Yellow or white colored fluid with dead neutrophils

43
Q

Chemotaxis

A

Ability of neutrophils to be triggered to go to a certain region in the body

44
Q

Granuloma

A

The calcification of macrophages and fibrous tissue formed by collagen

45
Q

Serous exudate

A

Clear and has small amounts of protein

46
Q

Fibrinous exudate

A

Has fibrinogen which is needed for the clotting process

47
Q

Lesion

A

Tissue or wound abnormality that comes from disease or physical trauma

48
Q

Abscess

A

Tissue that forms around the infection and has pus

49
Q

Ulcer

A

Sores that are internal or external and are cavitous or crater like that results in sloughing off tissue

50
Q

Cellulitis

A

Bacterial infection in the skin that causes acute inflammation that warm and tender to the touch

51
Q

Regenerative cell growth 3 ways

A

Miotic cells, facultative miotic cells, non dividing cells

52
Q

Mitotic cells

A

Always dividing and found throughout the body

53
Q

Facultative miotic cells

A

Divide only when needed to replace damaged cells

54
Q

Non dividing cells

A

Don’t divide when damaged making it impossible for affected cells to heal or regain function

55
Q

Primary union or first intention

A

Edges of the wound are clean and result in minimal damage to tissue

56
Q

Secondary union or secondary intention

A

Large wounds loaded with debris and bacteria, making it difficult to heal

57
Q

Debridement

A

Medical intervention that speeds up the recovery process by washing and removing foreign material and necrotic tissue

58
Q

Keloid

A

Wound complication that happens when excess collagen forms, smooth hard and sensitive to touch

59
Q

Dehiscence

A

When scar is not able to develop enough strength and the wound reopens

60
Q

Adhesion

A

Normally developed internal scar but the organ sticks to the surface of adjacent structures

Patho Phys (6 decks)

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