PATHO OF SUBMERSION INJURIES / CARDIAC ARRESTS

Question 1

3 reasons for drowning

Answer 1

• Hypoxia
• Hypercapnia
• acidosis

Question 2

submersion leads to

Answer 2

panic and struggling

leads to swallowing water
mechanic

Question 3

panic and struggling leads to

Answer 3

either laryngospasm(15%) or aspiration(85%)

Question 4

laryngospasm leads to

Answer 4

Hypoxia
which leads to cardiac arrest

Question 5

aspiration leads to

Answer 5

warm water would lead to hypoxia

cold water may cause central cooling which may protect the brain

Question 6

causes of hypoxia in drowning

Answer 6

• Fluid in the alveoli and interstitial spaces (pulmonary
  edema)
• Loss of surfactant
• Contaminant particles in the alveoli and tracheobronchial
  tree
• Damage to the alveolar-capillary membrane and vascular
  endothelium