Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

PLE Review > Patho-Hema > Flashcards

Patho-Hema Flashcards

1
Q

Marker for B cells

A

CD20

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

LYMPH NODE

Location of mostly B cells

Location of mostly T cells

A

Cortex
>Lymphoid follicles (primary and secondary) - B cells
>Paracortex - T cells

Media
>Sinuses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Location of naive B cells

Area of B cell activation

A

Mantle zone
Secondary follicle

Germinal center

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Hematologic abnormality in Leukemia

Types of Leukemia

A

Anemia, Thrombocytopenia, Leukopenia

ALL, AML, ApML
CLL/SLL, CML

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Differentiate acute from chronic leukemia in terms of

  1. Age
  2. Morphology of cells
  3. Clinical course
  4. Response to treatment
A

Acute
-young, primitive, aggressive, responsive

Chronic
-old, mature, indolent, resistant

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Hypercellular marrow with lymphoblasts

Differentiate types in:
age
clinical presentation
mutation

A

B cell ALL

  • children, bone marrow failure
  • t(12;21), t(9;22)

T cell ALL

  • adolescent, thymus mass
  • NOTCH-1
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

> 20% myeloblast in BM
Aleukemic leukemia

Age
Presentation
Prognosis

A

AML

Adults
Bone marrow failure
Poor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Cells with Needle-like azurophilic granules

Associated with DIC

Dx:
Mutation:
Tx:

A

Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia

With faggot cells containing auer rods

Mutation in t(15;17)

Curanle with all-trans retinoic acid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Hepatosplenomegaly
Lymohadenopathy
Hypogammaglobulinemka

Lymph node has lymphocytes with proliferation centers

Peripheral blood smear shows SMUDGE CELLS

A

CLL >5000 lymphocytes, leakage

SLL <5000, distinct tissue mass

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Blasts <10% in peripheral blood
WBC >100000
Thrombocytosis

Accelerated phase: unresponsive to therapy, increasing splenomegaly

Blast crisis: >20%, chloroma

Mutation?
Tx?

A

CML

t(9;22) Philadelphia gene
With tyrosinase activity

Tx: tyrosine kinase activity inhibitor (Imatinib)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Differentiate leukemoid reaction from leukemia

A

Leukocyte alkaline phosphatase:
Inc. in leukemoid (reactive AP)
Dec. In CML

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Differentiate hodgkin from nonhodgkins lymphoma

A

HL- single axial nodes (cervical, mediastinal, para aortic)

NHL- multiple, peripheral

  • extranodal presentation
  • mesenteric ring and waldeyer ring involvement
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Large, multiple nuclei or single with multiple lobes, each with owl-eye nucleolus

A

Reed-Sternberg cells in Hodgkins lymphoma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

HL type with reactive B cells? Marker

HL types associated with EBV?

Most common HL type?

HL associated with HIV?

Tx of HL

A

Lymphocyte predominant, CD20

Lymphocyte depleted, Mixed cellularity

Nodular sclerosis

Lymphocyte depleted

Radiotherapy
Anti CD30

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Types of NHL
B cell lymphomas
T and NK cell lymphomas

Most common form of NHL

Most common lymphoma in adults

Most common indolent lymphoma in adults

Fastest growing human tumor

A

DLBCL

DLBCL

Follicular lymphoma

Burkitt lymphoma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Middle age
Painless, generalized lymphadenopathy

Lymph node shows nodular or diffuse aggregate of lymphoma cells and BMA shows paratrabechular lymphoid aggregates

A

FOLLICULAR LYMPHOMA
B cell lymphoma

Indolent, incurable
May transform to DLBCL or Burkitt

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Present in male, 60yo
Rapidly enlarging nodular mass

Diffuse pattern of growth of large cells with highly anaplastic appearance

Fatal without treatment

A

DIFFUSE LARGE B CELL LYMPHOMA
B cell lymphoma

CD45 (lymphoid), CK (epithelial), Vimentin (mesenchymal)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Diffuse infiltration if medium sized anaplastic lymphocytes, punctuated sith macrophages ghah phagocytose apoptotic lymphocytes

A

BURKITT LYMPHOMA
B cell lymphoma

Starry Sky pattern

Endemic: mandibular, kidney, adrenal, gonads; latent infection with EBV
Sporadic: ileoceum, peritoneal

MYC t(8;14)
Aggressive, responsive to chemo
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Arises in tissues on chronic inflammation like Sjogren syndrome, Hashimoto thyroiditis, H. pylori gastritis

A

MARGINAL ZONE LYMPHOMA

Memory B cell origin

20
Q

Infiltration of epidermis and upper dermis T cells with cerebriform nuclei

A

MYCOSIS FUNGOIDES
CUTANEOUS T CELL LYMPHOMA

Sezary cells
CD4 helper t cells in skin

21
Q

65yo
With multiple lytic punched out bone lesions, fracture, renal failure

Lymphocytes, plasma cells and plasma ytoid lymphocytes with mast cell hyperplasia

PAS+ cytoplasmic and nuclear inclusions containing Ig

A

MULTIPLE MYELOMA
Most important plasma cell neoplasm

Russell bodies
Dutcher bodies

Hypercalcemia > fracture, lytic bone lesions
Dec Ig > recurrent bacterial infections
Bence Jones Proteinuria > renal failure

22
Q

Ringed sideroblasts

Prusian blue

Iron laden mitochondria in erythroblasts

Nuclear budding abnormalities

A

ERYTHROID

Myelodysplastic Syndrome

23
Q

Pseudo-Pelget Huet cells

-PMNs with 2 lobes

A

GRANULOCYTIC

Myelodysplastic syndrome

24
Q

Pawn ball

-megakaryocytes

A

MEGAKARYOCYTIC

Myelodysplastic syndrome

25
Q

Increase in all cell lines, more erythroid lines

Erythromelalgia - throbbing and burning of hands and feet due to thrombotic occlusoon
Hyperuricemia
Thrombosis
Infarcts

Dx?
Tx?

A

POLYCYTHEMIA VERA

Phlebotomy

JAK2 mutation

26
Q

Increase in megakaryocytic lines

Giant platelets in peripheral blood

Thrombosis
Erythromelalgia
Hemorrhage

A

ESSENTIAL THROMBOCYTOSIS

chemotherapy

27
Q

Extensive deposition of collagen in marrow by non neoplastic fibroblasts

Pronounced hepatosplenomegaly
Hyperuricemia

Increased WBC and platelets

Dacrocytes

A

PRIMARY MYELOFIBROSIS

Hematopoietic stem cell transplant

28
Q

Langerhab cells

Birbeck granules

A

HISTIOCYTOSIS

29
Q

Thymic hypoplasia

A

DiGeorge Syndrome

30
Q

Thymic hyperplasia

A

Myasthenia gravis

31
Q

Autosomal dominant
Defects in spectrin, ankyrin, band 3 and band 4.2

Spherical cells without central pallir

Dx?
Type and Site of hemolysis
Diagnostic?
Tx?

A

HEREDITARY SPHEROCYTOSIS

Intrinsic, Extravascular

Osmotic fragility testing

Splenectomy

32
Q

X linked recessive
Dec NADPH

Heinz bodies
Bite cells

Dx?
Type and Site of hemolysis
Diagnostic?
Tx?

A

G6PD DEFICIENCY

Intrinsic, Both

Newborn screening

Aversion to triggers

33
Q

Autosomal recessive

6th glu to val mutation

Howell jolly bodies

Dx?
Type and Site of hemolysis
Diagnostic?
Tx?

A

SICKLE CELL ANEMIA

intrinsic, extravascular

Hgb electrophoresis

Hydroxyurea

34
Q

Alpha thalassemia
No. Of genes affected: 4, 3, 2, 1

Beta thalassemia

A

Alpha

  • presents at birth
  • hydrops fetalis, HbH, a thalassemi trait, silent carrier

Beta

  • 5-6mos
  • major: HbF, minor: HbA a2d2

Intrinsic, extravascular

35
Q

Nocturnal hemoglobinuria
Thrombosis

PIGA mutations (CD55, CD59, C8)

Dx?
Type and Site of hemolysis
Diagnostic?
Tx?

A

PAROXYSMAL NOCTURNAL HEMOGLOBINURIA

Extrinsic, Extravascular

Flow cytometry

Hematopoietic stem cell transplant
Ecalizumab

36
Q

Macroangiopathic hemolytic anemia: cardiac valve prosthesis

Microangioathic hemolytic anemia: DIC, TTP HUS, SLE

A

Extrinsic, intravascular

37
Q 
Vit B12 deficiency
Gastrectomy
Ileal resection
Methotrexate
VitB9 deficiency
A

Megaloblastic anemia

38
Q

Most common nutritional disorder

Microcytic hypochromic

Prussian blue

A

IDA

Decreased ferritin
Dec serum fe/tibc

39
Q

Most common cause of anemia in hospitalized patients

IL6 > Hepcidin > dec iron transfer > storage pool to bone marrow

Decreased transferrin
Inc ferritin

A

ACD

40
Q

Pancytopenia

Most common cause: DRUGS

Hypocellular bone marrow

Dry tap

A

APLASTIC ANEMIA

41
Q

Suppression of erythroid elements in bone marrow

Autoimmune
Parvovirus B19

Absent erythroblast in bone marrow but still with platelets and granulocytes

A

PURE RED CELL APLASIA

42
Q

Antibodies against gpIIb-IIIa and gbIb-IX IgG

Increased megakaryocytes

Congestion, follicular hyperplasia of spleen

A

ITP
-dec PC, inc BT

Acute

  • postviral
  • self limited

Chronic

  • sle, hiv, cll
  • glucocorticoid
  • anti cd20 (Rituximab)
43
Q

HUS triad
-normal PC

TTP pentad
-dec PC, inc Bt

A

HUS

  1. Microangiopathic hemolytic anemia
  2. Thrombocytopenia
  3. Renal failure

TTP
+
4. Fever
5. Neurologic manifestations

44
Q

GpIb-IX deficiency
Platelet adhesion problem

GpIIb-IIIa deficiency
Platelet aggregation problem

A

Bernard Soulier Disease
dec platelet, inc BT

Glanzmann thrombasthenia
Inc BT

45
Q

Most common inherited bleeding disorder
Autosomal dominant

Inc BT, inc PTT

A

Von Willebrand Dse

Desmopressjn
Factor VIII and vWF replacement

46
Q

Most common hereditary syndrome associated with life threatening bleeding

X linked recessive

FVIII and FIX , FXI deficiency (A,B,C)

A

HEMOPHILIA

inc PTT

Factor replacement

PLE Review (9 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions