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PLE Review > Patho-Endo > Flashcards

Patho-Endo Flashcards

1
Q

Hypothalamic suprasellar tumor

From vestigial remnants of Rathke’s pouch

Lined by stratified squamous

Causes mass effect and hypopituitarism

A

CRANIOPHARYNGIOMA

Adamantinomatous

  • with spongy reticulum, with peripheral palisading epithelial cells
  • with dystrophic calcifications and cyst formation

Papillary

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2
Q

TRIAD

Hyperthyroidism
Ophthalmopathy-moth eaten colloid
Dermopathy (pretibial myxedema)

A

GRAVES DISEASE

Type II hypersensitivity

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3
Q

Autonomous nodule in a long standing multinodular goiter

Hyperthyroid

No ophthalmopathy and dermopathy

A

PLUMMER SYNDROME

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4
Q

Looks like normal follicular epithelial cells

May exhibit hurthle/oxyphil change

Enclosed by intact, well formed capsule

Usually nonfunctional tumor

A

ADENOMA

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5
Q

Orphan Annie nuclei
Psammoma bodies
Lymphatic invasion

A

PAPILLARY CA

with papillary fronds with fibrovascular cores

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6
Q

Adenoma + capsular/vascular invasion

Inc mitosis, less follicular differentiation

A

FOLLICULAR CA

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7
Q

Pleomorphic giant cells

Spindle shaped cells

+cytokeratin

-thyroglobulin

A

ANAPLASTIC CA

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8
Q

Small, polygonal to spindle shaped cells

Acellular amyloid deposits

A

MEDULLARY CA

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9
Q

Most common cause of primary hyperparathyroidism

A

PARATHYROID ADENOMA

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10
Q

Most common pancreatic endocrine tumor

A

Insulinomas

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11
Q

TRIAD

Hypoglycemia <50mg/dl

Neuroglycopenic symptoms

Relief upon parenteral glucose administration

A

Whipple triad in Insulinoma

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12
Q

Pancreatic islet cell tumor

Hypersecretion of gastric acid

Severe peptic ulceration (in jejunum)

A

Zollinger-Ellison Syndrome

Gastrinoma

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13
Q 
Presents with
Abdominal striae
Obesity
Dorsocervical fullness (buffalo hump)
Moon facies

Most common cause

Most common endogenous cause

A

CUSHING SYNDROME

Exogenous steroids

ACTH-secreting pituitary adenoma (Cushing dse)

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14
Q

Total deficiency of 21 hydroxylase

Adrenal: lipid depleted cells

No mineralocorticoid and glucocorticoid

Corticotroph hyperplasia

A

SALT WASTING CAH

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15
Q

Bilateral adrenal hemorrhage

Complication of disseminated bacterial infection (usually N. Meningitides)

A

Waterhouse-Friedrichsen syndrome

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16
Q 
10% extra adrenal
10% bilateral
10% biologically malignant
10% not associated with hypertension
25% germline genetic mutation in RET, NF1, VHL and SDH
A

Pheochromocytoma

PLE Review (9 decks)

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