Patho Exam 4 Flashcards
effect of post renal obstruction in kidney
Hydronephrosis
main cause of stroke
thrombosis (ischemic stroke) is more common than hemorrhagic stroke
rhythmic jerking of major muscle groups
clonic seizure (vs tonic clonic seizures aka change from jerking to either full on fixed in position to the jerking aka GRAND MAL)
sign of basilar skull fracture
-CSF (clear fluid) leaking from nares or ears
-Raccoon eyes (black eyes bilaterally)
first indication of increased ICP
decreased LOC
hypotonic IVs cause water to move…
Into the cells
sign of AKI (acute kidney injury)
oliguria aka low urine output- less than 30mL per hr
pH 7.50, PCO2 50, PO2 85, HCO3 35, SaO2 95
metabolic alkalosis
burns, crush injury, CKD, CHF, ACE, ARB, NSAID use
hyperkalemia
(bc kidney injuries impact potassium bc muscles need potassium to function)
signs of cerebellar dysfunction
poor coordination & abnormal gait aka ataxia
common cause of metabolic acidosis
DKA (Diabetic ketoacidosis)
definition of hyrdonephrosis, kidneys are
swollen/edematous & distended
CKD, DKA, burns, diarrhea, vomiting, fever dehydration, DI (diabetes insipidus), increased dietary intake
hypernatremia
(bc increased dietary intake & diarrhea are key words)
absent bowel sounds, hypotension, bradycardia, absent or weak DTRs
signs of spinal shock
this can cause bone pain, arrhythmia, kidney stones, GI upset
hypercalcemia
periorybital edema, proteinuria, oliguria are signs of this
glomerulonephritis
this metabolic factor can increase cerebral blood flow causing an increase ICP
PCO2 increase
(decrease blood flow to brain will increase ICP)
buildup of nitrogenesis waste in the blood
azotemia
neurotransmitter decreased inmysento gravis
acetylcholine (ACH)
Most common pre-renal injury to the kidney
hemorrhage, hypovolemic shock
how does body respond to acid base balance
buffer
difficulty speaking
dysphasia (partial loss vs aphasia is full loss)
electrolyte abnormality causes muscle spasms, cramps, paresthesia
hypocalcemia
cause of anemia in CKD
low level of erythropoietin