[PATH] The Eye [Martin] Flashcards
What is the most common primary intraocular tumor in adults?
Uveal Melanoma
Melanoma metasizing from the eye usually comes from where?
From Skin Melanoma
What are the 2 oncogenes associated with Uveal Melanomas?
GNAQ
GNA11
If you have a Nevus with GNAQ and GNA11 mutations what is the prognosis?
It RARELY transforms to Melanoma
(But a Uveal Melanoma with GNAQ and GNA11 mutations is common)
An Epitheliod morphology to a Melanoma of the eye has what prognosis?
Worse Prognosis
What is the morphology of a Uveal Melanoma?
Large Nuclei
Prominent Nucleoli
Infiltrating Plasma Cells and Lymphs
You have a patient iwht Uveal Melanoma, where are you worried it might spread first?
Liver
Why does a Corneal Transplant have little chance of rejection?
Because it Lacks Blood Vessels and Lymphatics
What is a Cataract?
Lenticular opacities that may be congenital or acquired
What are the main Risk Factors for developing Cataracts?
DM
Wilson Dz
Atopic Dematitis
Radiation/Trauma
What is the process where age related cataracts typically arise because of opacification of the lens nucleus?
Nuclear Sclerosis
Phacolytic glauma is a form of what?
Secondary Open Angle Glaucoma
What are the two forms of Glaucoma?
Open Angle Glaucoma
Angle-Closure Glaucoma
What is Glaucoma?
Colleciton of Dz’s, distinctive changes in the visual field and in the cup of the optic nerve
Associated with Increase in IOP.
What are some risk factors for developing glaucoma?
Age
DM
HTN
Race
What is the most common primary intraocular malignancy of Childhood?
Retinoblastoma
What is the chromsome that Retinoblastoma is associated with?
13q14 (RB)
RB arising in the context of a germline mutation are often what?
BILATERAL
What is the most common symptom of Retinoblastoma?
Leukocoria (white pupillary reflex)
Strabismus
Ocular Inflamm
What is Pseudohypophon in the context of Retinoblastoma?
Cells shedding into anterior chamber aggregate and form nodules on Iris (or settle inferiorly)
Where does RB usually metastisize?
Skull Bones
Distal Bones
Brain
Spinal Cord
LN
Ab Viscera
How does RB usually metastisize?
Escapes through Optic Nerve
(this invasion of ON, results in Poor prognosis)
What does RB look like on Histology?
Round, Oval or Spindle shaped hyperchromatic nuclei with scant cytoplasm
Flexner-Wintersteiner
Homer Wright
Fleurette
What is a Flexner-Wintersteiner in the context of RB?
Charactertistic feature**
Single row of eosinophillic columnar cells with peripherally oriented nucleir surrounding central lumen with an external limiting membrane
What is a Homer Wright in the context of RB?
Lumen filled with tangle of eosinophillic cytoplasmic processes
What is a Fleurette in the context of RB?
Curvilinear clusters of cells composed of Rod and Cone inner segments
