[PATH] The Eye [Martin]

Question 1

What is the most common primary intraocular tumor in adults?

Answer 1

Uveal Melanoma

Question 2

Melanoma metasizing from the eye usually comes from where?

Answer 2

From Skin Melanoma

Question 3

What are the 2 oncogenes associated with Uveal Melanomas?

Answer 3

GNAQ

GNA11

Question 4

If you have a Nevus with GNAQ and GNA11 mutations what is the prognosis?

Answer 4

It RARELY transforms to Melanoma

(But a Uveal Melanoma with GNAQ and GNA11 mutations is common)

Question 5

An Epitheliod morphology to a Melanoma of the eye has what prognosis?

Answer 5

Worse Prognosis

Question 6

What is the morphology of a Uveal Melanoma?

Answer 6

Large Nuclei

Prominent Nucleoli

Infiltrating Plasma Cells and Lymphs

Question 7

You have a patient iwht Uveal Melanoma, where are you worried it might spread first?

Answer 7

Liver

Question 8

Why does a Corneal Transplant have little chance of rejection?

Answer 8

Because it Lacks Blood Vessels and Lymphatics

Question 9

What is a Cataract?

Answer 9

Lenticular opacities that may be congenital or acquired

Question 10

What are the main Risk Factors for developing Cataracts?

Answer 10

DM

Wilson Dz

Atopic Dematitis

Radiation/Trauma

Question 11

What is the process where age related cataracts typically arise because of opacification of the lens nucleus?

Answer 11

Nuclear Sclerosis

Question 12

Phacolytic glauma is a form of what?

Answer 12

Secondary Open Angle Glaucoma

Question 13

What are the two forms of Glaucoma?

Answer 13

Open Angle Glaucoma

Angle-Closure Glaucoma

Question 14

What is Glaucoma?

Answer 14

Colleciton of Dz’s, distinctive changes in the visual field and in the cup of the optic nerve

Associated with Increase in IOP.

Question 15

What are some risk factors for developing glaucoma?

Answer 15

Age

DM

HTN

Race

Question 16

What is the most common primary intraocular malignancy of Childhood?

Answer 16

Retinoblastoma

Question 17

What is the chromsome that Retinoblastoma is associated with?

Answer 17

13q14 (RB)

Question 18

RB arising in the context of a germline mutation are often what?

Answer 18

BILATERAL

Question 19

What is the most common symptom of Retinoblastoma?

Answer 19

Leukocoria (white pupillary reflex)

Strabismus

Ocular Inflamm

Question 20

What is Pseudohypophon in the context of Retinoblastoma?

Answer 20

Cells shedding into anterior chamber aggregate and form nodules on Iris (or settle inferiorly)

Question 21

Where does RB usually metastisize?

Answer 21

Skull Bones

Distal Bones

Brain

Spinal Cord

LN

Ab Viscera

Question 22

How does RB usually metastisize?

Answer 22

Escapes through Optic Nerve

(this invasion of ON, results in Poor prognosis)

Question 23

What does RB look like on Histology?

Answer 23

Round, Oval or Spindle shaped hyperchromatic nuclei with scant cytoplasm

Flexner-Wintersteiner

Homer Wright

Fleurette

Question 24

What is a Flexner-Wintersteiner in the context of RB?

Answer 24

Charactertistic feature**

Single row of eosinophillic columnar cells with peripherally oriented nucleir surrounding central lumen with an external limiting membrane

Question 25

What is a Homer Wright in the context of RB?

Answer 25

Lumen filled with tangle of eosinophillic cytoplasmic processes

Question 26

What is a Fleurette in the context of RB?

Answer 26

Curvilinear clusters of cells composed of Rod and Cone inner segments