Path - Neoplasia (Oncogenic microbes, Carcinogens, & Paraneoplastic Syndromes)

Question 1

What 4 cancers are associated with EBV?

Answer 1

(1) Burkitt lymphoma (2) Hodgkin lymphoma (3) Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (4) CNS lymphoma (in immunocompromised patients)

Question 2

With what cancer is EBV associated with in immunocompromised patients?

Answer 2

CNS lymphoma (in immunocompromised patients)

Question 3

What cancer is associated with HBV? What other pathogen is associated with this?

Answer 3

Hepatocellular carcinoma; HCV

Question 4

What is another name for HHV-8? What 2 cancers are associated with it?

Answer 4

HHV-8 (Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus); (1) Kaposi sarcoma (2) Body cavity fluid B-cell lymphoma

Question 5

What are 2 body regions for the cancers associated with HPV?

Answer 5

(1) Cervical and penile/anal carcinoma (16, 18) (2) Head and neck or throat cancer

Question 6

What 2 types of HPV are most important? With what cancer(s) is (are) they associated?

Answer 6

Cervical and penile/anal carcinoma (16, 18)

Question 7

What are 2 cancers associated with H. pylori?

Answer 7

(1) Gastric adenocarcinoma (2) MALT lymphoma

Question 8

What cancers are associated with HTLV-1?

Answer 8

Adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma

Question 9

What is the genus and species of the liver fluke? What cancer is associated with it?

Answer 9

Liver fluke (Clonorchis siensis); Cholangiocarcinoma

Question 10

What cancer is associated with Schistosoma haematobium? Be specific.

Answer 10

Bladder cancer (squamous cell)

Question 11

What pathogen releases Aflatoxins? What organ does it affect? What impact does it have?

Answer 11

Aflatoxins (Aspergillus); Liver; Hepatocellular carcinoma

Question 12

What part of the body do Alkylating agents affect? What impact do they have?

Answer 12

Blood; Leukemia/Lymphoma

Question 13

What organ do Aromatic amines affect? What impact do they have?

Answer 13

Bladder; Transitional cell carcinoma

Question 14

What are 2 examples of Aromatic amines? Again, what impact do they have?

Answer 14

Aromatic amines (e.g., benzidine, 2-naphthylamine); Transitional cell carcinoma (of bladder)

Question 15

What 3 organs does Arsenic affect? What impact does it have on each?

Answer 15

(1) Liver - Angiosarcoma (2) Lung - Lung cancer (3) Skin - Squamous cell carcinoma

Question 16

What organ does Asbestos affect? What 2 impacts can it have, and which happens more often?

Answer 16

Lung; Bronchogenic carcinoma > Mesothelioma

Question 17

What organ does Carbon tetrachloride affect? What 2 impacts does it have?

Answer 17

Liver; Centrilobular necrosis, fatty change

Question 18

What 6 organs does Cigarette smoke affect? What impact does it have on each?

Answer 18

(1) Bladder - Transitional cell carcinoma (2) Esophagus - Squamous cell carcinoma/adenocarcinoma (3) Kidney - Renal cell carcinoma (4) Larynx - Squamous cell carcinoma (5) Lung - Squamous cell and small cell carcinoma (6) Pancreas - Pancreatic adenocarcinoma

Question 19

What organ does Ethanol affect? What impact does it have?

Answer 19

Liver; Hepatocellular carcinoma

Question 20

What organ does Ionizing radiation affect? What impact does it have?

Answer 20

Thyroid; Papillary thyroid carcinoma

Question 21

What is the source of Nitrosamines? What organ do they affect? What impact do they have?

Answer 21

Nitrosamines (smoked food); Stomach; Gastric cancer

Question 22

What organ does Radon affect? What impact does it cause?

Answer 22

Lung; Lung cancer (2nd leading cause after cigarette smoke)

Question 23

What is the first leading cause of Lung cancer? What is the second?

Answer 23

Cigarette smoke; Radon

Question 24

What organ does Vinyl chloride affect? What impact does it have?

Answer 24

Liver; Angiosarcoma

Question 25

Name 6 sources of paraneoplastic syndromes.

Answer 25

(1) 1,25-(OH)2 D3 (calcitrol) (2) ACTH (3) ADH (4) Antibodies against Ca2+ channels at NMJ (5) Erythropoietin (6) PTHrP

Question 26

As source of a paraneoplastic syndrome, what effect does 1,25-(OH)2 D3 (calcitrol) have? With what 2 neoplasms is it associated?

Answer 26

Hypercalcemia; (1) Hodgkin lymphoma (2) some non-Hodgkin lymphomas

Question 27

As source of a paraneoplastic syndrome, what effect does ACTH have? With what neoplasm is it associated?

Answer 27

Cushing syndrome; Small cell lung carcinoma

Question 28

As source of a paraneoplastic syndrome, what effect does ADH have? With what 2 neoplasms is it associated?

Answer 28

SIADH; (1) Small cell lung carcinoma (2) Intracranial neoplasms

Question 29

As source of a paraneoplastic syndrome, what effect do Antibodies against presynaptic Ca2+ channels at NMJ have? With what neoplasm is it associated?

Answer 29

Lambert-Eaton myasthenic syndrome (muscle weakness); Small cell lung carcinoma

Question 30

As source of a paraneoplastic syndrome, what effect does Erythropoietin have? With what 6 neoplasms is it associated?

Answer 30

Polycythemia; (1) Renal cell carcinoma (2) Thymoma (3) Hemangioblastoma (4) Hepatocellular carcinoma (5) Leiomyoma (6) Pheochromocytoma

Question 31

As source of a paraneoplastic syndrome, what effect does PTHrP have? With what 3 neoplasms is it associated?

Answer 31

Hypercalcemia; (1) Squamous cell lung carcinoma (2) Renal cell carcinoma (3) Breast cancer