Path - Neoplasia (Cachexia & Disease conditions associated with neoplasms)

Question 1

What symptoms characterize cachexia, and in what setting does it occur? Give 4 examples of this setting.

Answer 1

Weight loss, muscle atrophy, and fatigue that occur in chronic disease (e.g., cancer, AIDS, heart failure, TB)

Question 2

What 3 factors mediate cachexia?

Answer 2

Mediated by TNF-alpha (nicknamed cachetin), IFN-gamma, and IL-6

Question 3

What 2 primary signs/symptoms are associated with acanthosis nicrigans?

Answer 3

Acanthosis nigricans (hyperpigmentation and epidermal thickening)

Question 4

What neoplasm is associated with Acanthosis nigricans? Where in the body is this especially the case?

Answer 4

Visceral malignancy (esp. stomach)

Question 5

What neoplasm is associated with Actinic keratosis?

Answer 5

Squamous cell carcinoma of skin

Question 6

What 2 neoplasms are associated with AIDS?

Answer 6

Aggressive malignant lymphomas (non-Hodgkin) and Kaposi sarcoma

Question 7

What neoplasm is associated with Autoimmune diseases (e.g., Hashimoto thyroiditis, SLE)?

Answer 7

Lymphoma

Question 8

What neoplasm is associated with Barrett esophagus (chronic GI reflux)?

Answer 8

Esophageal adenocarcinoma

Question 9

What neoplasm is associated with Chronic atrophic gastritis? With what other 2 conditions is this neoplasm associated?

Answer 9

Gastric adenocarcinoma; Pernicious anemia, Postsurgical gastric remnants

Question 10

What neoplasm is associated with Cirrhosis?

Answer 10

Hepatocellular carcinoma

Question 11

What neoplasm is associated with Cushing syndrome?

Answer 11

Small cell lung cancer

Question 12

What neoplasm is associated with Dermatomyositis?

Answer 12

Lung cancer

Question 13

What neoplasm is associated with Down syndrome?

Answer 13

ALL (Think: “we ALL fall Down”), AML

Question 14

What neoplasm is associated with Dysplastic nevus?

Answer 14

Malignant melanoma

Question 15

What neoplasm is associated with Hypercalcemia?

Answer 15

Squamous cell lung cancer

Question 16

What neoplasm is associated with Immunodeficiency states?

Answer 16

Malignant lymphomas

Question 17

What neoplasm is associated with Lambert-Eaton myasthenic syndrome?

Answer 17

Small cell lung cancer

Question 18

What neoplasm is associated with Myasthenia gravis? What other condition is associated with this neoplasm?

Answer 18

Thymoma; pure RBC aplasia

Question 19

What 2 neoplasms are associated with Paget disease of bone?

Answer 19

Secondary osteosarcoma and Fibrosarcoma

Question 20

What neoplasm is associated with Plummer-Vinson syndrome (low iron)?

Answer 20

Squamous cell carcinoma of esophagus

Question 21

What are 2 neoplasms associated with Polycythemia?

Answer 21

Renal cell carcinoma, Hepatocellular carcinoma

Question 22

What are 4 neoplasms associated with Radiation exposure?

Answer 22

Leukemia, Sarcoma, Papillary thyroid cancer, and Breast cancer

Question 23

What neoplasm is associated with SIADH?

Answer 23

Small cell lung cancer

Question 24

What are 3 major findings associated with Tuberous sclerosis?

Answer 24

Tuberous sclerosis (facial angiofibroma, seizures, intellectual disability)

Question 25

What are 3 neoplasms associated with Tuberous sclerosis?

Answer 25

Giant cell astrocytoma, Renal angiomyolipoma, and Cardiac rhabdomyoma

Question 26

What neoplasm is associated with Ulcerative colitis?

Answer 26

Colonic adenocarcinoma

Question 27

What are 3 neoplasms associated with Xeroderma pigmentosum? Which of these is especially common? What other condition is also associated with these neoplasms?

Answer 27

Melanoma, Basal cell carcinoma, and especially squamous cell carcinomas of the skin; Albinism