Path - Neoplasia (Oncogenes & Tumor suppressor genes)

Question 1

What change to oncogenes increase cancer risk? How many alleles must be affected to cause this?

Answer 1

Gain of function => increase cancer risk. Need damage to only 1 allele

Question 2

What tumors are associated with BCR-ABL gene?

Answer 2

CML, ALL

Question 3

What type of gene is BCR-ABL? What is its gene product?

Answer 3

Oncogene; Tyrosine kinase

Question 4

What tumors are associated with bcl-2 gene?

Answer 4

Follicular and undifferentiated lymphomas

Question 5

What type of gene is bcl-2? What is its gene product?

Answer 5

Oncogene; Anti-apoptotic molecule (inhibits apoptosis)

Question 6

What tumor is associated with BRAF gene?

Answer 6

Melanoma

Question 7

What type of gene is BRAF? What is its gene product?

Answer 7

Oncogene; Serine/Threonine kinase

Question 8

What tumor is associated with c-kit gene?

Answer 8

Gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST)

Question 9

What type of gene is c-kit? What is its gene product?

Answer 9

Oncogene; Cytokine receptor (for stem cell factor)

Question 10

What tumor is associated with c-myc gene?

Answer 10

Burkitt lymphoma

Question 11

What type of gene is c-myc? What is its gene product?

Answer 11

Oncogene; Transcription factor

Question 12

What 3 tumors are associated with HER2/neu (c-erbB2) gene?

Answer 12

Breast, ovarian, and gastric carcinoma

Question 13

What type of gene is HER2/neu (c-erbB2)? What is its gene product?

Answer 13

Oncogene; Tyrosine kinase

Question 14

What is another name for the HER2/neu gene?

Answer 14

HER2/neu (c-erbB2)

Question 15

What tumor is associated with L-myc gene?

Answer 15

Lung tumor

Question 16

What type of gene is L-myc? What is its gene product?

Answer 16

Oncogene; Transcription factor

Question 17

What tumor is associated with N-myc gene?

Answer 17

Neuroblastoma

Question 18

What type of gene is N-myc? What is its gene product?

Answer 18

Oncogene; Transcription factor

Question 19

What 3 tumors are associated with ras gene?

Answer 19

Colon cancer, lung cancer, pancreatic cancer

Question 20

What type of gene is ras? What is its gene product?

Answer 20

Oncogene; GTPase

Question 21

What tumors are associated with ret gene?

Answer 21

MEN 2A and 2B

Question 22

What type of gene is ret? What is its gene product?

Answer 22

Oncogene; Tyrosine kinase

Question 23

What change to tumor suppressor genes increase cancer risk? How many alleles must be affected to cause this?

Answer 23

Loss of function => increase cancer risk; both alleles must be lost for expression of disease.

Question 24

What tumor is associated with APC gene?

Answer 24

Colorectal cancer (associated with FAP)

Question 25

Again, what tumor is associated with APC? With what condition is this associated?

Answer 25

Colorectal cancer (associated with FAP) [i.e., FAP = Familial adenomatous polyposis)

Question 26

What kind of gene is APC?

Answer 26

Tumor suppressor gene

Question 27

What 2 tumors are associated with BRCA1 gene? With what other gene are they also associated?

Answer 27

Breast and ovarian cancer; BRCA2

Question 28

What kind of genes are BRCA 1 and BRCA2? What is their gene products?

Answer 28

Tumor suppressor genes; DNA repair protein

Question 29

What tumor is associated with CPD4/SMAD4 gene?

Answer 29

Pancreatic cancer

Question 30

What kind of gene is CPD4/SMAD4? What is its gene product?

Answer 30

Tumor suppressor gene; Think: “Deleted in Pancreatic Cancer”

Question 31

What is another name for CPD4 gene?

Answer 31

SMAD4

Question 32

What tumor is associated with DCC gene?

Answer 32

Colon cancer

Question 33

What kind of gene is DCC? What is its gene product?

Answer 33

Tumor suppressor gene; Think: “Deleted in Colon Cancer”

Question 34

What tumor(s) is (are) associated with MEN1 gene?

Answer 34

MEN type 1

Question 35

What tumor(s) is (are) associated with NF1 gene?

Answer 35

NeuroFibromatosis type 1

Question 36

What kind of gene is NF1? What is its gene product?

Answer 36

Tumor suppressor gene; RAS GTPase activating protein (neurofibromin)

Question 37

What tumor(s) is (are) associated with NF2 gene?

Answer 37

NeuroFibromatosis type 2

Question 38

What kind of gene is NF2? What is its gene product?

Answer 38

Tumor suppressor gene; Merlin (schwannomin) protein

Question 39

What tumor is associated with p16 gene?

Answer 39

Melanoma

Question 40

What kind of gene is p16? What is its gene product?

Answer 40

Tumor suppressor gene; Cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 2A

Question 41

What tumor(s) is (are) associated with p53 gene?

Answer 41

Most human cancers, Li-Fraumeni syndrome

Question 42

What kind of gene is p53? What is its gene product? What is its function?

Answer 42

Tumor suppressor gene; Transcription factor for p21, blocks G1 => S phase

Question 43

What 3 tumors are associated with PTEN gene?

Answer 43

Breast cancer, prostate cancer, endometrial cancer

Question 44

What 2 tumors are associated with Rb gene?

Answer 44

Retinoblastoma, osteosarcoma

Question 45

What kind of gene is Rb? What is its gene product? What is its function?

Answer 45

Tumor suppressor gene; Inhibits E2F; blocks G1 => S phase

Question 46

What tumor(s) is (are) associated with TSC1?

Answer 46

Tuberous sclerosis

Question 47

What kind of gene is TSC1? What is its gene product?

Answer 47

Tumor suppressor gene; Hamartin protein

Question 48

What tumor(s) is (are) associated with TSC2?

Answer 48

Tuberous sclerosis

Question 49

What kind of gene is TSC2? What is its gene product?

Answer 49

Tumor suppressor gene; Tuberin protein

Question 50

What tumor(s) is (are) associated with VHL?

Answer 50

von Hippel-Lindau disease

Question 51

What kind of gene is VHL? What is the function of its gene product?

Answer 51

Tumor suppressor gene; Inhibits hypoxia inducible factor 1a

Question 52

What tumor(s) is (are) associated with WT1? What other gene shares the same association(s)?

Answer 52

Wilms Tumor (nephroblastoma); WT2