Path II

Question 1

colonization

Answer 1

microorganisms inhabiting and growing on tissue surfaces or in visceral lumens but not invading tissues

Question 2

infection

Answer 2

invasion and multiplication of organisms within body tissues

Question 3

granuloma

Answer 3

inflammatory response characterized by the accumulation of epithelioid macrophages, usually accompanied by lymphocytes, multinucleated giant cells, and fibroblasts

Question 4

granulation tissue

Answer 4

tissue repair process characterized by the proliferation of fibroblasts and capillaries

Question 5

What are the host’s 3 main goals during an inflammatory response

Answer 5

1. remove pathogen to minimize damage
2. do as little damage to self during that process
3. improve defenses for repeat encounters

Question 6

What are three ways in which pathogens may cause damage using the host’s own immune system?

Answer 6

1. agent antigens on infected host cells are targeted by the immune system (liver destruction of hep B, for example, or subacule sclerosing panencephalitis caused by the measles virus)
2. immune response directed against foreign antigens cross reacts with self-antigens (rheumatic fever)
3. circulating immune complexes of host antibodies and pathogen antigens lead to microvascular inflammatory changes distant from the infection site (post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis, yersinia eneterocolitica arthritis)

Question 7

interstitial inflammation: ptotoypical organism and tissue

Answer 7

rhinovirus: nasopharynx

also, flue, M. pneumoniae, trichomonas vaginalis

Question 8

histologic features of interstitial inflammation

Answer 8

swelling of interstitial spaces within tissues with exudative fluid and infiltration with lymphocytes and monocytes. often see proteinaceous and potentially fibrinous exudate
tissues become swollen with watery or mucous exudate

Question 9

What is the classic organism and tissue for suppurative inflammation

Answer 9

lung

streptococcus pneumoniae

Question 10

What are key histologic features of suppurative inflammation

Answer 10

expansion of submucosal tissues; leakage from blood vessles, esp. neutrophils, RBCs, and fibrin. tissue may be spared or damaged. If damaged, you will see accumulation of neutrophils, bacteria, and dead cells surround by fibrous tissue–> abscess

Question 11

What are the gross features of suppurutive inflammation?

Answer 11

swollen, red or purple-gray with opaque, viscous, exudate

Question 12

What might you see on a microscopic slide with suppurative inflammation?

Answer 12

congestion with neutrophils, RBCs, pink fibrin strands. potentially, you may see abscesses with neutrophils surround by a cuff of lymphocytes and macrophages and fibroblasts/collagen. maybe necrotic debris or bacteria.

Question 13

What is the the organism and tissue for necrotizing inflammation?

Answer 13

clostridium perfringens- wound infection of gas gangrene

Question 14

Describe what happens during necrotizing inflammation

Answer 14

cell death occurs before the involvment of large numbers of inflammatory cells; may also be seen in the immunocompromised.

Question 15

Describe what is seen microscopically in necrotizing inflammation

Answer 15

necrotic cells with eosinophlic cytoplasm with loss of cell detail and nucleus showing pyknosis karyorrhexis or karyolysis. lightly staining ghosts may be seen. inflammatory cells are sparce and concentrate toward the periphery

Question 16

chronic inflammation: classic organism and tissue

Answer 16

syphilis (treponema pallidum): genitalia, skin, liver, blood vessels

Question 17

What do you see microscopically in chronic inflammation?

Answer 17

accumulations of macrophages, lymphocytes, and plasma cells. fibroblasts with collagen deposition and neovascularization as reparative process accompany chronic inflammation.

Question 18

graunlomatous inflammation: what classical organism and organ?

Answer 18

Mycobacterium tuberculosis, lung

Question 19

what do you see in granulomatous inflammation?

Answer 19

focal accumulations of epithelioid macrophages surrounded by lymphocytes, sometimes with multinucleated giant cells, central caseous necrosis, central liquification with cavity formation, or calcification

Question 20

What do you see microscopically with granulomatous inflammation?

Answer 20

epithelioid macrophages (pale pink granular cytoplasm with indistinc cell boundaries and pale oval nucleus) around a necrotic center.

Question 21

What causes eosinophilic inflammation?

Answer 21

schistosoma mansoni