Path Heme/Onc/Pain/Suffering Flashcards
1
Q
Dacrocytes morph and seen in
A
daCRYcyte
Teardrop cells
Seen in bone marrow shit (myelofibrosis) bc squeezed
2
Q
Schittocyctes seen in and morph
A
Helmet cells (shizo guy and his helmet)
Seen in hemolytic anemias
3
Q
Degmacytes morph and seen in
A
dejame una mordida
G6Pd defficiency
4
Q
Acanthocytes seen in and morph
A
Spur cells
Liver disease
5
Q
Spherocytes morph and seen in
A
donut
heriditary spherocytosis
6
Q
Target cells seen in
A
HALT
HbC dx
Asplenia
Liver dx
Thalassemia
7
Q
howell jolly bodies: what are they?
where they seen
A
Nuclear remnant not removed by spleen
seen in splenic dx
8
Q
Heinz bodies what is and seen in
A
Precipitated hemoglobin on side of RBC
Removed by taking a bite
PUT HEINZ b4 BITE
9
Q
Microcytic anemia cutoff
A
MCV less than 80
10
Q
Microcytic anemia caused by
A
Hemoglobin issues
Deffective in thalassemia
Deficiencies
11
Q
Megaloblastic anemia caused by
A
Defective DNA
Either folate/b12 deficiency or fanconi anemia
12
Q
Macrocytic non megaloblastic seen in
A
Liver dx and alcholism
13
Q
Reticulocyte count tells you
A
How well body is replacing the RBCs
14
Q
Iron defficiency labs
A
Down: Iron, ferritin
Up: TIBC
15
Q
Anemia of chronic dx labs
A
Down: iron, TIBC
Up: ferittin, hepcidin
16
Q
Transferrin interchangable w
A
TIBC
17
Q
α-Thalassemia presentation
A
Microcitic anemia
severity depends on how many genes affected
18
Q
Cis/trans in α-Thalassemia by race
A
Cis: asians
Trans: africans
19
Q
β-Thalassemia increases risk of _____ (pathogen). leads to:
A
Parvovirus
leads to aplastic anemia
20
Q
β-Thalassemia population
A
mediterrenans
21
Q
β-Thalassemia presentation
A
Severe microcytic anemia
Crew cut xray due to marrow expansion
Skeletal deformity (chipmunk face)
22
Q
Lead inhibits
A
Ferrochelatase and ALA dehydratase
causes anemia and neuro shit
23
Q
Sideroblasic anemia caused by
A
Genetic: x-linked ALA
Myeloplastic anemia
Alcohol
24
Q
Sideroblastic anemia treatment
A
Pyridoxine
25
Sideroblastic anemia labs
Increased: iron, ferritin
Decreased: TIBC
26
Megaloblastic anemia features
Multilobed neutrophils
RBC enlargment
27
Folate vs B12 defficiency (labs and presentation)
Folate: ** Normal** methylmalonic acid, **no** neuro shit
B12: **increased** methylmalonic acid, **neuro** problems (meth fucks your brain)
28
Megaloblastic anemia common presentation
GLOSSITIS
large RBCs clog and sweel tongue
29
Fanconi anemia caused by
DNA repair defect, bone marrow failure
30
Aplastic anemia sx
Fatigue, malaise, pallor, **mucosal bleeding and petechiae**
31
G6PD cause and genes
Xlinked
RBCs get oxidative stress
Causes hemolysis
**FAVA BEANS**
32
Aplastic anemia marrow biopsy
hypocellular bone marrow w/ fatty infiltration
33
hemolytic anemia in newborn usually due to
Pyruvate kinase deffiency
34
Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria presentation
negative coombs
pancytopenia
venous thrombi
caused by complement activation
35
Pyruvate kinase deffiency RBC morph
Burr cells
BURR PKD
36
Nocturnal hemoglobinuria mutation in
PIGA
fucks up GPI anchor which destabilizes membrane
37
Sickle cell genetics
Point mutation in B-globin gene.
HbS instead of HbA
Glutamic to valine
38
Sickle cell crisis due to
Oxidative stress, acidosis , low O2
deoxy hemoglobin S polymerizes
39
Sickle cell anemia aplastic crisis due to
Parvovirus
40
Sickle cell increased risk of (infection)
Salmonella osteomyelitis
41
Warm vs Cold autoimmune anemia (and similarities)
Warm: IgG (seen in lupus, CLL)
Cold: IgM (seen in mycoplasma, EBV, CLL)
Both: +Coombs, normocytic anemia
42
**Micro**angiopathic hemolytic anemia presentation and seen in
Seen in things that cause little clots
mechanical RBC destruction
43
**Macro**angiopathic hemolytic anemia due to
Heart valves (stenotic or prosthetic) causing RBC destruction
44
Lead poisoning what accumulates
ALA and protoporphyrin
45
Intermittent porphyria due to
Porphobilogen acummulation
46
Porphyria cutanea sx
Blistering cutaneous photosensitivity
Hyperpigment
47
Thrombitic thrombocytopenic purpura pathophys
Inhibittion of ADAMST13 leads to decreased vWF accumulation
Platelets aggregate and make microthrombi
48
TTP vs HUS
TTP has feever
HUS has bloody diarrhea
49
TTP and HUS presentation
Thrombocytopenia
Hemolytic anemia (**micro**angiopathic)
AKI
50
vWF is defect in ____pathway. (pt/ptt)
Intrinsic
PTT
51
DIC labs
Increased bleeding, PT, PTT.
Schistocytes,
Increased D-dimer
52
Antithrombin defficiency labs
PT and PTT normal
53
Young woman w/ recurrent pregnancy loss think
Factor V leiden
54
Factor V leiden pathophys
Mutant factor V resistance to degradation by protein C
55
Protein C vs S
C: cancel
S: stop
56
Lymphomas initial presentation
Constitutional sx (low fever, night sweats, weight loss)
57
Reed-steinberg cells seen in (and morph)
Seen in Hogdkin
Owl eyes
hoot hoot
58
reed steinberg cell origin
CD 15 and CD 30
59
Fibrous bands seen in
Hodgkin lymphoma
60
Burkit lymphoma presentation and gene defect
Young african w/ jaw tumor
8,14 translocation
EBV
61
Diffuse large b cell lymphoma mutation
BCL2
BCL2 limits apoptosis normally
62
Mantle cell lymphoma seen in
MAN
63
Painless follicles in adults think
Follicular lymphoma
64
Mantle cell lymphoma progression
Very agressive disease
AGGRESSIVE MAN
65
Marginal Cell lymphoma genes and seen in
gastritis MALT
gene is 11,18’
**MUCOSAL**
66
Adult T-cell lymphoma seen in
Japs, caribbean, africa.
**HTLV1 virus**
67
Multiple myeloma feautures
CRAB
hyper**C**alcemia
**R**enal shit
**A**nemia
**B**ack pain from **B**one lytic lesions
68
Multiple myeloma findings (microscope)
Rouleaux formation (high *rouller* stacks chips)
69
Waldenstrom macroglobulinemia causes _____
Hyperviscosity of blood
70
Myelodisplastic syndromes patho and risk
Ineffective hematopoesis
Can become AML
71
ALL associations
Mostly kids (real bad in adults tho)
Down syndrome
72
ALL better prognosis if (gene defect)
(12,21)
mejor en niños
73
ALL main finding
Highly increased lympho**blasts**
74
Chronic Lymphocitic leukemia findings (3)
**Smudge cells**
Slow progress in elderly
Autoimmune hemolytic anemia
75
Hairy cell leukemia seen in (population)
Adult males
76
Hairy cell leukemia findings (4)
Filamentous projection on cells (look fuzzy)
Marrow fibrosis (dry tap)
**Splenomegaly**
**Pancytopenia**
77
Hairy cell leukemia mutation
BRAF
78
Acute myelogenous leukemia findings
Auer rods
Myeloperoxidase +
Increased myeloblasts on smear
79
Leukemia after radiation/chemo think
Acute myelogenous leukemia
80
Acute myelogenous leukemia in down syndrome mutation (also AKA)
15,17
Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia
81
Acute promyelocytic leukemia responds to
Retonic acid aka vitamin A
82
DIC in down syndrome think
Acute promyelocytic leukemia
83
Chronic Myelogenous leukemia genetics
9,22 philadelphia chromosome
BCR-ABL
84
Chronic myelogenous leukemia findings ()
Low leukocyte alk phos (LAP)
Splenomegally
85
Polycethemia vera mutation
JAK2
86
Polycythemia vera presentation
Severe pain
red-blue coloration
Shower itch
87
Polycethemia vera lab finding
EPO low
88
Essencital thrombocytopenia findings
increased Large, malformed platelets
89
Myelofibrosis due to
Increased fibroblast activity
90
Myelofibrosis findings
Decreased RBCs, **teardrop RBCs**
91
Whjat is seen in leukomoid reaction
dohle bodies
92
Lagerhans histiocytosis presentation
Lytic bone lesion in a child
Otitis media
93
Lagerhans histiocytosis findings
Birbeck granules (tennis rackets)
94
Hemophilia is defect of ____(pathway)
Intrinsic
95
Hemophilia A deffiency of ___ and inheritance
VIII
A=8
96
Hemophilia B deffiency of ___ and gene
IX
X-linked
97
Hemophilia C deficiency. of ___ and gene
XI
Autosomal recessive
98
Hemophilia lab finding
PTT increased
PT no chage
99
Vitamin K deficiency labs
Both Pt and PTT increased with **normal bleeding time**
100
Platelet disorder labs
Increased bleeding time, PT/PTT normal
101
Bernard soulier syndrome labs
Increased bleeding time
Large platelets
RISTOCETIN
Chef soulier makes risoto
102
Glansmann Thrombasthenia defect
GpIIb/IIIa, decreased platelet to platelet agregation
103
Bernard soulier defect
GpIB
104
immune thrombocytopenia labs
Increased megakaryocytes
Decreased platelets
105
Immune thrombocytopenia antibodies to
GpIIb/IIIa
106
Things that cause immue thrombocytopenia
Autoimmune, viruses, malignancy, drug reactions
107
vWF disease findings
Decreased platelet aggregation **with increased PTT**
108
Giant cell arteritis population
Elderly female
109
Giant cell arteritis presentation
Unilateral headache, jaw claudication
Affects carotid branches
110
Takayasu arteritis due to
Granomalutous thickening and narrowing of aortic arch
