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PBL 2.2.5 > Path Heme/Onc/Pain/Suffering > Flashcards

Path Heme/Onc/Pain/Suffering Flashcards

1
Q

Dacrocytes morph and seen in

A

daCRYcyte

Teardrop cells

Seen in bone marrow shit (myelofibrosis) bc squeezed

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2
Q

Schittocyctes seen in and morph

A

Helmet cells (shizo guy and his helmet)

Seen in hemolytic anemias

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3
Q

Degmacytes morph and seen in

A

dejame una mordida

G6Pd defficiency

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4
Q

Acanthocytes seen in and morph

A

Spur cells

Liver disease

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5
Q

Spherocytes morph and seen in

A

donut

heriditary spherocytosis

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6
Q

Target cells seen in

A

HALT

HbC dx
Asplenia
Liver dx
Thalassemia

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7
Q

howell jolly bodies: what are they?
where they seen

A

Nuclear remnant not removed by spleen

seen in splenic dx

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8
Q

Heinz bodies what is and seen in

A

Precipitated hemoglobin on side of RBC

Removed by taking a bite

PUT HEINZ b4 BITE

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9
Q

Microcytic anemia cutoff

A

MCV less than 80

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10
Q

Microcytic anemia caused by

A

Hemoglobin issues

Deffective in thalassemia

Deficiencies

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11
Q

Megaloblastic anemia caused by

A

Defective DNA

Either folate/b12 deficiency or fanconi anemia

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12
Q

Macrocytic non megaloblastic seen in

A

Liver dx and alcholism

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13
Q

Reticulocyte count tells you

A

How well body is replacing the RBCs

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14
Q

Iron defficiency labs

A

Down: Iron, ferritin

Up: TIBC

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15
Q

Anemia of chronic dx labs

A

Down: iron, TIBC

Up: ferittin, hepcidin

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16
Q

Transferrin interchangable w

A

TIBC

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17
Q

α-Thalassemia presentation

A

Microcitic anemia

severity depends on how many genes affected

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18
Q

Cis/trans in α-Thalassemia by race

A

Cis: asians
Trans: africans

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19
Q

β-Thalassemia increases risk of _____ (pathogen). leads to:

A

Parvovirus

leads to aplastic anemia

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20
Q

β-Thalassemia population

A

mediterrenans

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21
Q

β-Thalassemia presentation

A

Severe microcytic anemia

Crew cut xray due to marrow expansion

Skeletal deformity (chipmunk face)

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22
Q

Lead inhibits

A

Ferrochelatase and ALA dehydratase

causes anemia and neuro shit

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23
Q

Sideroblasic anemia caused by

A

Genetic: x-linked ALA

Myeloplastic anemia

Alcohol

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24
Q

Sideroblastic anemia treatment

A

Pyridoxine

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25
Q

Sideroblastic anemia labs

A

Increased: iron, ferritin
Decreased: TIBC

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26
Q

Megaloblastic anemia features

A

Multilobed neutrophils

RBC enlargment

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27
Q

Folate vs B12 defficiency (labs and presentation)

A

Folate: ** Normal** methylmalonic acid, no neuro shit

B12: increased methylmalonic acid, neuro problems (meth fucks your brain)

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28
Q

Megaloblastic anemia common presentation

A

GLOSSITIS

large RBCs clog and sweel tongue

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29
Q

Fanconi anemia caused by

A

DNA repair defect, bone marrow failure

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30
Q

Aplastic anemia sx

A

Fatigue, malaise, pallor, mucosal bleeding and petechiae

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31
Q

G6PD cause and genes

A

Xlinked

RBCs get oxidative stress

Causes hemolysis

FAVA BEANS

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32
Q

Aplastic anemia marrow biopsy

A

hypocellular bone marrow w/ fatty infiltration

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33
Q

hemolytic anemia in newborn usually due to

A

Pyruvate kinase deffiency

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34
Q

Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria presentation

A

negative coombs
pancytopenia
venous thrombi

caused by complement activation

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35
Q

Pyruvate kinase deffiency RBC morph

A

Burr cells

BURR PKD

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36
Q

Nocturnal hemoglobinuria mutation in

A

PIGA

fucks up GPI anchor which destabilizes membrane

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37
Q

Sickle cell genetics

A

Point mutation in B-globin gene.

HbS instead of HbA

Glutamic to valine

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38
Q

Sickle cell crisis due to

A

Oxidative stress, acidosis , low O2

deoxy hemoglobin S polymerizes

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39
Q

Sickle cell anemia aplastic crisis due to

A

Parvovirus

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40
Q

Sickle cell increased risk of (infection)

A

Salmonella osteomyelitis

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41
Q

Warm vs Cold autoimmune anemia (and similarities)

A

Warm: IgG (seen in lupus, CLL)

Cold: IgM (seen in mycoplasma, EBV, CLL)

Both: +Coombs, normocytic anemia

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42
Q

Microangiopathic hemolytic anemia presentation and seen in

A

Seen in things that cause little clots

mechanical RBC destruction

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43
Q

Macroangiopathic hemolytic anemia due to

A

Heart valves (stenotic or prosthetic) causing RBC destruction

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44
Q

Lead poisoning what accumulates

A

ALA and protoporphyrin

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45
Q

Intermittent porphyria due to

A

Porphobilogen acummulation

46
Q

Porphyria cutanea sx

A

Blistering cutaneous photosensitivity

Hyperpigment

47
Q

Thrombitic thrombocytopenic purpura pathophys

A

Inhibittion of ADAMST13 leads to decreased vWF accumulation

Platelets aggregate and make microthrombi

48
Q

TTP vs HUS

A

TTP has feever

HUS has bloody diarrhea

49
Q

TTP and HUS presentation

A

Thrombocytopenia
Hemolytic anemia (microangiopathic)
AKI

50
Q

vWF is defect in ____pathway. (pt/ptt)

A

Intrinsic

PTT

51
Q

DIC labs

A

Increased bleeding, PT, PTT.

Schistocytes,

Increased D-dimer

52
Q

Antithrombin defficiency labs

A

PT and PTT normal

53
Q

Young woman w/ recurrent pregnancy loss think

A

Factor V leiden

54
Q

Factor V leiden pathophys

A

Mutant factor V resistance to degradation by protein C

55
Q

Protein C vs S

A

C: cancel
S: stop

56
Q

Lymphomas initial presentation

A

Constitutional sx (low fever, night sweats, weight loss)

57
Q

Reed-steinberg cells seen in (and morph)

A

Seen in Hogdkin

Owl eyes

hoot hoot

58
Q

reed steinberg cell origin

A

CD 15 and CD 30

59
Q

Fibrous bands seen in

A

Hodgkin lymphoma

60
Q

Burkit lymphoma presentation and gene defect

A

Young african w/ jaw tumor

8,14 translocation

EBV

61
Q

Diffuse large b cell lymphoma mutation

A

BCL2

BCL2 limits apoptosis normally

62
Q

Mantle cell lymphoma seen in

A

MAN

63
Q

Painless follicles in adults think

A

Follicular lymphoma

64
Q

Mantle cell lymphoma progression

A

Very agressive disease

AGGRESSIVE MAN

65
Q

Marginal Cell lymphoma genes and seen in

A

gastritis MALT

gene is 11,18’

MUCOSAL

66
Q

Adult T-cell lymphoma seen in

A

Japs, caribbean, africa.

HTLV1 virus

67
Q

Multiple myeloma feautures

A

CRAB

hyperCalcemia

Renal shit

Anemia

Back pain from Bone lytic lesions

68
Q

Multiple myeloma findings (microscope)

A

Rouleaux formation (high rouller stacks chips)

69
Q

Waldenstrom macroglobulinemia causes _____

A

Hyperviscosity of blood

70
Q

Myelodisplastic syndromes patho and risk

A

Ineffective hematopoesis

Can become AML

71
Q

ALL associations

A

Mostly kids (real bad in adults tho)

Down syndrome

72
Q

ALL better prognosis if (gene defect)

A

(12,21)

mejor en niños

73
Q

ALL main finding

A

Highly increased lymphoblasts

74
Q

Chronic Lymphocitic leukemia findings (3)

A

Smudge cells

Slow progress in elderly

Autoimmune hemolytic anemia

75
Q

Hairy cell leukemia seen in (population)

A

Adult males

76
Q

Hairy cell leukemia findings (4)

A

Filamentous projection on cells (look fuzzy)

Marrow fibrosis (dry tap)

Splenomegaly

Pancytopenia

77
Q

Hairy cell leukemia mutation

A

BRAF

78
Q

Acute myelogenous leukemia findings

A

Auer rods

Myeloperoxidase +

Increased myeloblasts on smear

79
Q

Leukemia after radiation/chemo think

A

Acute myelogenous leukemia

80
Q

Acute myelogenous leukemia in down syndrome mutation (also AKA)

A

15,17

Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia

81
Q

Acute promyelocytic leukemia responds to

A

Retonic acid aka vitamin A

82
Q

DIC in down syndrome think

A

Acute promyelocytic leukemia

83
Q

Chronic Myelogenous leukemia genetics

A

9,22 philadelphia chromosome

BCR-ABL

84
Q

Chronic myelogenous leukemia findings ()

A

Low leukocyte alk phos (LAP)

Splenomegally

85
Q

Polycethemia vera mutation

A

JAK2

86
Q

Polycythemia vera presentation

A

Severe pain

red-blue coloration

Shower itch

87
Q

Polycethemia vera lab finding

A

EPO low

88
Q

Essencital thrombocytopenia findings

A

increased Large, malformed platelets

89
Q

Myelofibrosis due to

A

Increased fibroblast activity

90
Q

Myelofibrosis findings

A

Decreased RBCs, teardrop RBCs

91
Q

Whjat is seen in leukomoid reaction

A

dohle bodies

92
Q

Lagerhans histiocytosis presentation

A

Lytic bone lesion in a child

Otitis media

93
Q

Lagerhans histiocytosis findings

A

Birbeck granules (tennis rackets)

94
Q

Hemophilia is defect of ____(pathway)

A

Intrinsic

95
Q

Hemophilia A deffiency of ___ and inheritance

A

VIII

A=8

96
Q

Hemophilia B deffiency of ___ and gene

A

IX

X-linked

97
Q

Hemophilia C deficiency. of ___ and gene

A

XI

Autosomal recessive

98
Q

Hemophilia lab finding

A

PTT increased

PT no chage

99
Q

Vitamin K deficiency labs

A

Both Pt and PTT increased with normal bleeding time

100
Q

Platelet disorder labs

A

Increased bleeding time, PT/PTT normal

101
Q

Bernard soulier syndrome labs

A

Increased bleeding time

Large platelets

RISTOCETIN

Chef soulier makes risoto

102
Q

Glansmann Thrombasthenia defect

A

GpIIb/IIIa, decreased platelet to platelet agregation

103
Q

Bernard soulier defect

A

GpIB

104
Q

immune thrombocytopenia labs

A

Increased megakaryocytes

Decreased platelets

105
Q

Immune thrombocytopenia antibodies to

A

GpIIb/IIIa

106
Q

Things that cause immue thrombocytopenia

A

Autoimmune, viruses, malignancy, drug reactions

107
Q

vWF disease findings

A

Decreased platelet aggregation with increased PTT

108
Q

Giant cell arteritis population

A

Elderly female

109
Q

Giant cell arteritis presentation

A

Unilateral headache, jaw claudication

Affects carotid branches

110
Q

Takayasu arteritis due to

A

Granomalutous thickening and narrowing of aortic arch

PBL 2.2.5 (11 decks)

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