Path 4: No blood, thin blood, solid blood Flashcards

1
Q

Edema happens when hydrostatic pressure is _______ and/or colloid osmotic pressure is _______

A

Edema happens when hydrostatic pressure is increased and/or colloid osmotic pressure is decreased

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Effusions:
Inflammatory edema causes _____.
Noninflammatory causes _______.

A

Inflammatory edema causes exudates
Noninflammatory causes transudates

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Reduced albumin can be due to ____ or ____

A

Decreased production (eg cirhossis)
Increased excreation (nephrotic sx)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Lymphedema parasite that causes elephantiasis

A

Filariasis

caused by wucheria bancrofti

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Hyperemia process

A

Arteriolar dilation leads to increased blood flow.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Cells seen in chronically congested tissues

A

Hemosiderin laden macrophages

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Arteriolar vasoconstriction in injury due to

A

Neurologic reflex
Endothelin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Disruption of endothelium exposes: (2)

A

von Willebrand Factor

Collagen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Clotting: Tissue factor binds and activates _____

A

Factor VII

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Primary plug made by

A

Platelets

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

GIIb/IIIa deficiency aka

A

Glanzmann thrombasthenia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Thrombin converts ___ to _____

A

FIbrinogen into fibrin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

How does calcium aid in clotting

A

Binds to γ-carboxylated glutamic acid in factors II, VII, IX and X

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

PTT vs PT

A

PT: extrinsic

PTT: intrinsic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Thrombin activities

A

Conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin

Platelet activation

Proinflammatory effects

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Most common cause of mild bleeding defects

A

VWF defficiency

17
Q

Complication of low platelet counts

A

Intracerebral hemmorhage

18
Q

Defects in primary hemostasis present with:

A

Small bleeds in skin or mucosal membranes

Petechia and purpurura

GI bleeds, nosebleeds

19
Q

Defects of secondary hemostasis present with

A

Bleeding in soft tissues and joints

20
Q

Blood loss of __% leads to shock

A

20%

21
Q

Virchow triad of thrombosis

A

Endothelial injury

Blood stasis/turbulence

Hypercoagulability

22
Q

Heparin induced thrombocytopenia pathogenisis

A

Heparin forms complex with PF4 on platelet

Complex is bound by antibody

Platelet removed by macrophage

23
Q

Antiphospolipid antibody syndrome charterized by

A

Presence of antiphospholipid antibodies

Thromoboses, pregnancy complications

24
Q

Fetal loss in ntiphospholipid antibody syndrome due to

A

**Antibody mediated intereference **with growth and differentiation of trophoblasts which leads to failure in placentation

25
Q

Antiphospholipid antibodies can cross react and be falsely positive in

A

Syphillis (treponema pallidium)

26
Q

Lines of Zahn (what are they what do they signify)

A

Pale platelet and fibirn deposits

Signifies clott was made in flowing blood

27
Q

Venous thrombus aka

A

Red thrombi

Stasis thrombi

28
Q

Thrombi on heat valves aka

A

vegetations

29
Q

Fat embolism syndrome characterized by:

A

Pulmonary insufficiency

Neurologic symptoms

Anemia

Thrombocytopenia

30
Q

Amniotic fluid embolism presentation

A

Post partum:
severe dyspnea,
cyanosis,
shock,
neuro impairment,
DIC

31
Q

Amniotic fluid embolism symptoms stem from

A

Biochemical activation of coagulation factors, immune system, vasoactive substances

32
Q

Findings of amniotic fluid embolism on histo

A

Squamous cells, fat, hair, mucin

33
Q

Dominant histologic characteristic of infarction

A

Ischemic coagulative necrosis

34
Q

Brain infarction leads to

A

Liquefactive necrosis

35
Q

Cytokine release syndrome

A

Cancer patients get CAR-T therapy and cytokines lead to SIRS