Path 4: No blood, thin blood, solid blood

Question 1

Edema happens when hydrostatic pressure is _______ and/or colloid osmotic pressure is _______

Answer 1

Edema happens when hydrostatic pressure is increased and/or colloid osmotic pressure is decreased

Question 2

Effusions:
Inflammatory edema causes _____.
Noninflammatory causes _______.

Answer 2

Inflammatory edema causes exudates
Noninflammatory causes transudates

Question 3

Reduced albumin can be due to ____ or ____

Answer 3

Decreased production (eg cirhossis)
Increased excreation (nephrotic sx)

Question 4

Lymphedema parasite that causes elephantiasis

Answer 4

Filariasis

caused by wucheria bancrofti

Question 5

Hyperemia process

Answer 5

Arteriolar dilation leads to increased blood flow.

Question 6

Cells seen in chronically congested tissues

Answer 6

Hemosiderin laden macrophages

Question 7

Arteriolar vasoconstriction in injury due to

Answer 7

Neurologic reflex
Endothelin

Question 8

Disruption of endothelium exposes: (2)

Answer 8

von Willebrand Factor

Collagen

Question 9

Clotting: Tissue factor binds and activates _____

Answer 9

Factor VII

Question 10

Primary plug made by

Answer 10

Platelets

Question 11

GIIb/IIIa deficiency aka

Answer 11

Glanzmann thrombasthenia

Question 12

Thrombin converts ___ to _____

Answer 12

FIbrinogen into fibrin

Question 13

How does calcium aid in clotting

Answer 13

Binds to γ-carboxylated glutamic acid in factors II, VII, IX and X

Question 14

PTT vs PT

Answer 14

PT: extrinsic

PTT: intrinsic

Question 15

Thrombin activities

Answer 15

Conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin

Platelet activation

Proinflammatory effects

Question 16

Most common cause of mild bleeding defects

Answer 16

VWF defficiency

Question 17

Complication of low platelet counts

Answer 17

Intracerebral hemmorhage

Question 18

Defects in primary hemostasis present with:

Answer 18

Small bleeds in skin or mucosal membranes

Petechia and purpurura

GI bleeds, nosebleeds

Question 19

Defects of secondary hemostasis present with

Answer 19

Bleeding in soft tissues and joints

Question 20

Blood loss of __% leads to shock

Answer 20

20%

Question 21

Virchow triad of thrombosis

Answer 21

Endothelial injury

Blood stasis/turbulence

Hypercoagulability

Question 22

Heparin induced thrombocytopenia pathogenisis

Answer 22

Heparin forms complex with PF4 on platelet

Complex is bound by antibody

Platelet removed by macrophage

Question 23

Antiphospolipid antibody syndrome charterized by

Answer 23

Presence of antiphospholipid antibodies

Thromoboses, pregnancy complications

Question 24

Fetal loss in ntiphospholipid antibody syndrome due to

Answer 24

**Antibody mediated intereference **with growth and differentiation of trophoblasts which leads to failure in placentation

Question 25

Antiphospholipid antibodies can cross react and be falsely positive in

Answer 25

Syphillis (*treponema pallidium*)

Question 26

Lines of Zahn (what are they what do they signify)

Answer 26

Pale platelet and fibirn deposits Signifies clott was made in flowing blood

Question 27

Venous thrombus aka

Answer 27

Red thrombi Stasis thrombi

Question 28

Thrombi on heat valves aka

Answer 28

vegetations

Question 29

Fat embolism syndrome characterized by:

Answer 29

Pulmonary insufficiency Neurologic symptoms Anemia Thrombocytopenia

Question 30

Amniotic fluid embolism presentation

Answer 30

Post partum: severe dyspnea, cyanosis, shock, neuro impairment, DIC

Question 31

Amniotic fluid embolism symptoms stem from

Answer 31

Biochemical activation of coagulation factors, immune system, vasoactive substances

Question 32

Findings of amniotic fluid embolism on histo

Answer 32

**Squamous cells**, fat, hair, mucin

Question 33

Dominant histologic characteristic of infarction

Answer 33

Ischemic coagulative necrosis

Question 34

Brain infarction leads to

Answer 34

Liquefactive necrosis

Question 35

Cytokine release syndrome

Answer 35

Cancer patients get CAR-T therapy and cytokines lead to SIRS