Microbiology: Cooties Flashcards
1
Q
Legionella morphology
A
Gram negative bacilli
2
Q
Legionella spread to humans
A
Inhalation
3
Q
How do legionella survive in plumbing
A
Survives on bacterial biofilms
4
Q
Host factors predisposing to Legionella
A
Smoking, chronic lung dx, old, immunosuppression
5
Q
legionella in lungs are ingested by _____
A
Alveolar macrophages
6
Q
Legionella pneumophila in macrophage is enveloped by _____. (Organelle)
A
Endoplastic reticulum
7
Q
Steps to legionella replication
A
1) Eaten by macrophage
2) Enveloped by ER
3) If enough nutrients, differentiates into replicative form.
4) Switch to transmissible form w/ flagella
5) Host cell lysis
8
Q
Features of L pneumophila transmissible form
A
-Express cell lysis factors
-Flagella
-Resistant to osmotic shock
-Inhibit phagosome/lysosome fusion
9
Q
L pneumophila virulence factors
A
Chitinase (via type II secretion)
Proteins that target Rab1 GTPase
10
Q
Factor that inhibits intracellular growth of bacteria
A
TNF-α
11
Q
Patients on Anti-TNF-α agents are suceptible to
A
Legionella
12
Q
How does γ-interferon suppress intracellular cell growth
A
Stimulates iron sequestration from bacteria
13
Q
L pneumophila lung damage progression
A
Infected macrophages release cytokines which recruit monocytes and neutrophils
Nodules and microabesses form and sometimes coalesce
14
Q
Legionnaire’s symptoms
A
Begins flu-like, progresses to pneumonia.
15
Q
Tests for Legionella
A
Urine enzyme immunoassay (misses half)
PCR amplification of 16s DNA
Culture
16
Q
Legionella treatment
A
Macrolides and fluroquinolones
17
Q
Why are beta lactams not effective on legionella
A
Dont penetrate eukaryotic cells
18
Q
Infection from contaminated potting soil in Aus/NZ
A
Legionella longbeachae
19
Q
Pontiac fever features
A
L pneumophila causes fever, muscle aches and headaches that spontaneously resolved.
20
Q
H. Pylori morphology
A
Gram negative, flagellated spirochete
21
Q
H pylori cancers caused
A
MALT lymphoma
Adenocarcinoma (more common)
22
Q
H Pylori virulence/adherence
A
Adherence: BabA SabA
Virulence: CagA
23
Q
H pylori factor that modulates and suppresses home immune response
A
VacA
24
Q
H Pylori tripple therapy
A
Clarithromycin
Amoxicillin
PPI
25
Why does mycobacteria stain acid fast (what component of membrane?
Mycolic acid
26
*Mycobacterium* anerobic/aerobic?
Obligate aerobe
27
Clinical manisfestations of TB are a result of _____
Host immune response
28
Symptoms of tuberculosis are due to (factors )
Macrophages secreting IL-1 and TNF-α
29
Where does primary TB occur (and what happens)
Middle lung
Ghon complex: lung inflammation with enlarged hylar lymph nodes
30
Describe miliary tuberculosis
Seen in immunocomopromised… it is a disseminated infection
31
TB affecting bones aka
Pott’s disease (osteomyelitis)
32
Lepromatous leprosy characterized by a _____ response
Weak TH1 response. TH2 is predominant
33
Vaccine for TB and leprosy (what type?)
BCG (live attenuated)
34
Bartonella henslea, quinata, bacilliformis transmission vectors
Henselae: Cat
Quinata: Human/Louse
Bacilliformis: Sandfly
35
Bartonella henselae symptoms
Small papule at site of innoculation, travels via lymph
36
Bratonella in AIDS
Freely disseminates in body to cause blood vessel malformations. Attach to RBCs
37
Major bartonella disease progression (and how?)
Bacilllary angiomatosis
38
Bartonella agar
Wathrin-Starry sky
39
Bartonella heart issue
Culture negative endocarditis
40
Bartonella Quintana lifecycle and presentation
Enters erythrocytes to replicate
Relapsing fever w/o anemia
41
Bartonella bacilliformis life and presentation
Attaches to erythrocytes, deforms cell membrane to enter and multiplies in cytoplasm. Causes massive anemia
42
Bartonella treatments
Doxy, azithromcyin, erythromycin
43
Chlamydia energy requirement
Cannot make own ATP need from cell
44
Chlamydia serotypes normally causing blindness
A-C cant see
45
Chlamydia STD serotype
D-K ***dick***
46
Chlamydia STD progression
Moves up endometrium and fallopian tubes. Reactive arthritis
Cant see cant pee cant climb tree: reiters syndrome
47
Chlamydia serotype that goes into lymph
L1-L3
48
Chlamydia pneumonia histo
Atherosclerosis of plaques
49
Chlamydia pneumonia type
Interstitial
50
Parrot fever Pneumonia bug
C. Psittaci
51
Chlamydia infectious form aka
Elementary body
52
Outer membrane of chlamydia has
Cysteine residue
53
How does chlmaydia enter cell
Taken up in endosome, escapes fusion with lysosome
54
Dividing form of chlamydia aka
Reticulate body
55
How does chlamydia cause ectopic pregnancy
By damaging fallopians -> egg gets stuck
56
Reactive arthritis commonly seen in ____ allelle
HLA B27
57
Chlamydia secretion system type
Type 3
58
*Rickettsia rickettssii* presentation
Rocky mountain spotted fever
Headache and vasculitis w/ rash
59
*Rickettsia rickettssii* spread by
Dermacentor tick
60
*Rickettsia rickettssii* enters cell and spreads via
Actin filaments
61
*Rickettsia* life cycle
Obligate intracellular, can make ATP and also steal it
62
*Rickettsia rickettssii* infects (cell layer)
Endothelium
63
*Rickettsia prowasaki* spread
Human to human. Body louse and lice
**EPIDEMIC**
64
Ricketsia Typhi rash
Starts at trunk and spreads out
65
Weil-Felix test
agglutination of entric proteus vulgaris due to shared antigen w/ ricketsia or coxiella
66
Rickettsia ehrlichiosis infects (cell type) and presentation
Leukocytes, monocytes, macrophages, neutrophols
Fever w/ HA no rash
67
Ricketsia Typhi serious progression
Pneumonia, encephalitis
68
Q fever caused by
Coxiella burnetti
69
Coxiella burnetti spread
Aerosolized spore
***often seen in animal births***
70
Coxiella burnetti infects (cell type) and symptoms
Macrophages
Can be granulomatous, causes acute pneumonia and endocarditis
Poss hepatitis
**no rash**
71
*Rickettsia rickettssii* rash
Starts and ankles and spreads in
72
Toxin associated with Mycoplasma pneumoniae
CARDS toxin
73
What part of macrophage does TB inhibit
Phagolysosome
74
Flu virus morphology (4 details)
Negative sense RNA
Encapsidated by nucleoprotein
3 viral polymerazes
Matrix (M) protein and glycoproteins
75
Flu virus replicates where
Nucleus
76
influneza how many segments
8
77
Flu cycle
Incubation 1-2 days
Shedding for 3-6 days
78
Reye syndrome usually flu type
B
79
Flu antivirals and effects
Amantadine: inhibits unenveloping and entry
Neuroamninidase inhibitior (-vivir) inhibits release
80
Amantadine protein target name
M2
81
Rhinovirus morphology
Single stranded positive RNA
82
Rhinoviruses are super infective bc
150 serotypes
83
Cellular receptor for rhinovirus
ICAM-1 (major group)
LDLR (minor group)
84
Rhinovirus damage via
Immune cell response
85
Coronavirus morphology
Enveloped +ssRNA
86
Adenovirus morphology
Non-enveloped dsDNA
87
Adenovirus infects: (area)
GI and Respiratory tracts, **eye**
88
Adenovirus entry to cell via
CAR receptor. Taken to clathrin coated pits.
89
Adenoviruses have different tissue tropism depending on _______
Tips of penton fibers
90
How does adenovirus evade host defense
Prevents MHC protein expression and resistance to TNF
91
In adenoviruses, ______ interact with pRb and p53
E1A
E1B
92
Pink eye virus
Adenovirus
93
Rotavirus morphology
dsDNA, segmented
94
Rotavirus histo
Shortening and atrophy of villi, mononuclear infiltration of lamina propia
95
Protection against norovirus confered by? (trait)
B blood type
96
Candida morphology
Yeast w/psuedohyphea
97
Candida agar
Sabouraud agar
98
Oral Candidiasis treatment
Amphotericin B
99
Cryptococcus spread
Bird shit
100
What separates cryptococcus from other fungi (test)?
Urease
101
Cryptococcus virulence (2)
Capsule makes it anti-phagocytic
Melanin makes it resist enzyme degredation
102
Crytococuss diagonosed via
Latex agglutination test of CSF
India ink
103
Cryptococcus morphology
Encapsulting budding yeast
104
Aspergillus morph
Acutely branching septate hyphae mold
105
Bone marrow transplant w/ vision loss think
aspergillus
106
Candida agars
Blood or sabourad
107
Cryptococcal meningitis CSF findinf
LYMPHOCYTES
Protein
decreased glucose
108
Aspergillous in lungs damage how
Angioinavsive, invasion through blood vessel walls, causing bleeding, necrosis
109
Aspergillus agar
Sabouraud
110
Aspergillus treatment
Conazoles or amphotericin
111
Risk for rhizopus or mucor in which patient s
Hematologic malignancy, neutropenia, diabetus (bc acidosis)
112
Diabetic with orbital/cerebral fungus think
Mucor mycosis
113
P jiroveci affects
AIDS
114
P jiroveci histology
Foamy protenacious material, desquamated cells
115
Diagnosis of P jirovecci done via
Silver stain
116
P jirovecci treatment
trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole
117
Entamoeba histolyca presentations
Bloody diahrrea, liver abcesses, sometimes assymptomatic
118
Giardia presentation
Watery diahrrea and malabsorption
119
Cryptosporidum parvum presentation
Watery diarrhea, major in AIDS
120
Entamoeba hystolytica lesions
Flask shaped ulcers in mucosa, liver
121
Enteomaba histolytica confirmation tests
NAAT or antigen
122
Entamoeba and giardia spread
Fecal oral
Must ingest spore form (not found in diahrreah)
123
Amebas must adhere using surface protein ____
Lectin
124
Amebas bind to host cell _____
Gal-galNac
125
Soldier with chronic malabsorption diarrea think
entamoeba histo
126
Giardia morph
Flagellated trophozyte w 2 nuclues
127
Giardia presentation
loss of villi leads to malabsorption
128
Giardia treatment
Metronidazole
129
Cryptosporidium stains ____
acid fast
130
Cryptosporidium infectious form
oocyte
131
Trich vaginalis presentation
Vaginitis, strawberry cervix,
132
Enterobious vermicularis life cycle and spread
Ingestion of eggs
Hatch in duodenum and mature in intestine
Pregnant female worms leave via anus
133
Enterobious vermicularis presentation
Itchy booty
134
Strogyloides stercolaris manifestation
Mimics ulcer / gallbladder disease.
135
Strongyloides life cycle and spread
Skin to
Gut
Pertitoneum
Blood
Lung
Swallow
Repeat
Spread fecally
136
Strongyloides lab finding
Eosinophilia
137
Albendazole MOA
Binds to parasite beta tubulin
138
Ivermectin MOA
GABA neuromuscular blocker
139
Hookworm to know
Necator americanus
Ancylostoma duodenala
140
Hookworm manifestation
Iron deficiency from chronic GI bleed
141
Ascaris lumbricoides presentation
Often assymptomatic except for passafe of worms
Sometimes gall bladder obstruction
142
Hookworm life cycle
Fecal cutaneous
Skin to blood to lungs
Swallowed and mature in GI tract
143
Tape worm types and animals
Taneia saginata: beef
Taenia solium: pork
Diphyllobothirum latum: fish
144
Fish tapeowrm symptom
Megaloblastic anemia
145
Solium spread and subsequent disease (2)
If via undercooked pork, cysts only cause GI
If larvae from feces can penetrate deep tissues
146
Trichonella spirarlis presentation and spread
Undercooked pork consumed leads to cysts in striated muscle
Muscle aches
**Carnivore disease **
147
Echinococcus spread and patho
Fecal oral from dog shit
Makes hydatid cysts
148
Schistosome life cycle
Snail to SKIN
Matures in venous system
travels in pairs <3
goes to bladder/intestine and releases eggs for years
149
Infective form of schistosoma called
Cercariae
in snailsss
150
Form of schitosoma that enters blood stream
Schistosomula
151
Pathology of shistosoma
Eggs trapped in host become fibrotic in granuloma
Can plug the liver, **bladder cancer**
152
River blindness caused by
Onchocerciasis
153
Onchocerca vovulus spread and disease
Black fly bites near eye
river blindess (type 3 hypersensitivity)
154
Wucheria spread and disease
Mosquito to lymph
Causes elephantitis
155
Wucheria treatment
Tetracycline kills symbiotics
Diethylcarbamazine kills worm
