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PBL 2.2.5 > Microbiology: Cooties > Flashcards

Microbiology: Cooties Flashcards

1
Q

Legionella morphology

A

Gram negative bacilli

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2
Q

Legionella spread to humans

A

Inhalation

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3
Q

How do legionella survive in plumbing

A

Survives on bacterial biofilms

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4
Q

Host factors predisposing to Legionella

A

Smoking, chronic lung dx, old, immunosuppression

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5
Q

legionella in lungs are ingested by _____

A

Alveolar macrophages

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6
Q

Legionella pneumophila in macrophage is enveloped by _____. (Organelle)

A

Endoplastic reticulum

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7
Q

Steps to legionella replication

A

1) Eaten by macrophage
2) Enveloped by ER
3) If enough nutrients, differentiates into replicative form.
4) Switch to transmissible form w/ flagella
5) Host cell lysis

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8
Q

Features of L pneumophila transmissible form

A

-Express cell lysis factors
-Flagella
-Resistant to osmotic shock
-Inhibit phagosome/lysosome fusion

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9
Q

L pneumophila virulence factors

A

Chitinase (via type II secretion)

Proteins that target Rab1 GTPase

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10
Q

Factor that inhibits intracellular growth of bacteria

A

TNF-α

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11
Q

Patients on Anti-TNF-α agents are suceptible to

A

Legionella

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12
Q

How does γ-interferon suppress intracellular cell growth

A

Stimulates iron sequestration from bacteria

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13
Q

L pneumophila lung damage progression

A

Infected macrophages release cytokines which recruit monocytes and neutrophils

Nodules and microabesses form and sometimes coalesce

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14
Q

Legionnaire’s symptoms

A

Begins flu-like, progresses to pneumonia.

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15
Q

Tests for Legionella

A

Urine enzyme immunoassay (misses half)

PCR amplification of 16s DNA

Culture

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16
Q

Legionella treatment

A

Macrolides and fluroquinolones

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17
Q

Why are beta lactams not effective on legionella

A

Dont penetrate eukaryotic cells

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18
Q

Infection from contaminated potting soil in Aus/NZ

A

Legionella longbeachae

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19
Q

Pontiac fever features

A

L pneumophila causes fever, muscle aches and headaches that spontaneously resolved.

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20
Q

H. Pylori morphology

A

Gram negative, flagellated spirochete

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21
Q

H pylori cancers caused

A

MALT lymphoma

Adenocarcinoma (more common)

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22
Q

H Pylori virulence/adherence

A

Adherence: BabA SabA
Virulence: CagA

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23
Q

H pylori factor that modulates and suppresses home immune response

A

VacA

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24
Q

H Pylori tripple therapy

A

Clarithromycin

Amoxicillin

PPI

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25
Q

Why does mycobacteria stain acid fast (what component of membrane?

A

Mycolic acid

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26
Q

Mycobacterium anerobic/aerobic?

A

Obligate aerobe

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27
Q

Clinical manisfestations of TB are a result of _____

A

Host immune response

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28
Q

Symptoms of tuberculosis are due to (factors )

A

Macrophages secreting IL-1 and TNF-α

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29
Q

Where does primary TB occur (and what happens)

A

Middle lung

Ghon complex: lung inflammation with enlarged hylar lymph nodes

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30
Q

Describe miliary tuberculosis

A

Seen in immunocomopromised… it is a disseminated infection

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31
Q

TB affecting bones aka

A

Pott’s disease (osteomyelitis)

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32
Q

Lepromatous leprosy characterized by a _____ response

A

Weak TH1 response. TH2 is predominant

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33
Q

Vaccine for TB and leprosy (what type?)

A

BCG (live attenuated)

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34
Q

Bartonella henslea, quinata, bacilliformis transmission vectors

A

Henselae: Cat
Quinata: Human/Louse
Bacilliformis: Sandfly

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35
Q

Bartonella henselae symptoms

A

Small papule at site of innoculation, travels via lymph

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36
Q

Bratonella in AIDS

A

Freely disseminates in body to cause blood vessel malformations. Attach to RBCs

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37
Q

Major bartonella disease progression (and how?)

A

Bacilllary angiomatosis

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38
Q

Bartonella agar

A

Wathrin-Starry sky

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39
Q

Bartonella heart issue

A

Culture negative endocarditis

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40
Q

Bartonella Quintana lifecycle and presentation

A

Enters erythrocytes to replicate

Relapsing fever w/o anemia

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41
Q

Bartonella bacilliformis life and presentation

A

Attaches to erythrocytes, deforms cell membrane to enter and multiplies in cytoplasm. Causes massive anemia

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42
Q

Bartonella treatments

A

Doxy, azithromcyin, erythromycin

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43
Q

Chlamydia energy requirement

A

Cannot make own ATP need from cell

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44
Q

Chlamydia serotypes normally causing blindness

A

A-C cant see

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45
Q

Chlamydia STD serotype

A

D-K dick

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46
Q

Chlamydia STD progression

A

Moves up endometrium and fallopian tubes. Reactive arthritis

Cant see cant pee cant climb tree: reiters syndrome

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47
Q

Chlamydia serotype that goes into lymph

A

L1-L3

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48
Q

Chlamydia pneumonia histo

A

Atherosclerosis of plaques

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49
Q

Chlamydia pneumonia type

A

Interstitial

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50
Q

Parrot fever Pneumonia bug

A

C. Psittaci

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51
Q

Chlamydia infectious form aka

A

Elementary body

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52
Q

Outer membrane of chlamydia has

A

Cysteine residue

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53
Q

How does chlmaydia enter cell

A

Taken up in endosome, escapes fusion with lysosome

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54
Q

Dividing form of chlamydia aka

A

Reticulate body

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55
Q

How does chlamydia cause ectopic pregnancy

A

By damaging fallopians -> egg gets stuck

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56
Q

Reactive arthritis commonly seen in ____ allelle

A

HLA B27

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57
Q

Chlamydia secretion system type

A

Type 3

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58
Q

Rickettsia rickettssii presentation

A

Rocky mountain spotted fever

Headache and vasculitis w/ rash

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59
Q

Rickettsia rickettssii spread by

A

Dermacentor tick

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60
Q

Rickettsia rickettssii enters cell and spreads via

A

Actin filaments

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61
Q

Rickettsia life cycle

A

Obligate intracellular, can make ATP and also steal it

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62
Q

Rickettsia rickettssii infects (cell layer)

A

Endothelium

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63
Q

Rickettsia prowasaki spread

A

Human to human. Body louse and lice

EPIDEMIC

64
Q

Ricketsia Typhi rash

A

Starts at trunk and spreads out

65
Q

Weil-Felix test

A

agglutination of entric proteus vulgaris due to shared antigen w/ ricketsia or coxiella

66
Q

Rickettsia ehrlichiosis infects (cell type) and presentation

A

Leukocytes, monocytes, macrophages, neutrophols

Fever w/ HA no rash

67
Q

Ricketsia Typhi serious progression

A

Pneumonia, encephalitis

68
Q

Q fever caused by

A

Coxiella burnetti

69
Q

Coxiella burnetti spread

A

Aerosolized spore

often seen in animal births

70
Q

Coxiella burnetti infects (cell type) and symptoms

A

Macrophages

Can be granulomatous, causes acute pneumonia and endocarditis

Poss hepatitis

no rash

71
Q

Rickettsia rickettssii rash

A

Starts and ankles and spreads in

72
Q

Toxin associated with Mycoplasma pneumoniae

A

CARDS toxin

73
Q

What part of macrophage does TB inhibit

A

Phagolysosome

74
Q

Flu virus morphology (4 details)

A

Negative sense RNA

Encapsidated by nucleoprotein

3 viral polymerazes

Matrix (M) protein and glycoproteins

75
Q

Flu virus replicates where

A

Nucleus

76
Q

influneza how many segments

A

8

77
Q

Flu cycle

A

Incubation 1-2 days
Shedding for 3-6 days

78
Q

Reye syndrome usually flu type

A

B

79
Q

Flu antivirals and effects

A

Amantadine: inhibits unenveloping and entry

Neuroamninidase inhibitior (-vivir) inhibits release

80
Q

Amantadine protein target name

A

M2

81
Q

Rhinovirus morphology

A

Single stranded positive RNA

82
Q

Rhinoviruses are super infective bc

A

150 serotypes

83
Q

Cellular receptor for rhinovirus

A

ICAM-1 (major group)

LDLR (minor group)

84
Q

Rhinovirus damage via

A

Immune cell response

85
Q

Coronavirus morphology

A

Enveloped +ssRNA

86
Q

Adenovirus morphology

A

Non-enveloped dsDNA

87
Q

Adenovirus infects: (area)

A

GI and Respiratory tracts, eye

88
Q

Adenovirus entry to cell via

A

CAR receptor. Taken to clathrin coated pits.

89
Q

Adenoviruses have different tissue tropism depending on _______

A

Tips of penton fibers

90
Q

How does adenovirus evade host defense

A

Prevents MHC protein expression and resistance to TNF

91
Q

In adenoviruses, ______ interact with pRb and p53

A

E1A
E1B

92
Q

Pink eye virus

A

Adenovirus

93
Q

Rotavirus morphology

A

dsDNA, segmented

94
Q

Rotavirus histo

A

Shortening and atrophy of villi, mononuclear infiltration of lamina propia

95
Q

Protection against norovirus confered by? (trait)

A

B blood type

96
Q

Candida morphology

A

Yeast w/psuedohyphea

97
Q

Candida agar

A

Sabouraud agar

98
Q

Oral Candidiasis treatment

A

Amphotericin B

99
Q

Cryptococcus spread

A

Bird shit

100
Q

What separates cryptococcus from other fungi (test)?

A

Urease

101
Q

Cryptococcus virulence (2)

A

Capsule makes it anti-phagocytic

Melanin makes it resist enzyme degredation

102
Q

Crytococuss diagonosed via

A

Latex agglutination test of CSF

India ink

103
Q

Cryptococcus morphology

A

Encapsulting budding yeast

104
Q

Aspergillus morph

A

Acutely branching septate hyphae mold

105
Q

Bone marrow transplant w/ vision loss think

A

aspergillus

106
Q

Candida agars

A

Blood or sabourad

107
Q

Cryptococcal meningitis CSF findinf

A

LYMPHOCYTES

Protein

decreased glucose

108
Q

Aspergillous in lungs damage how

A

Angioinavsive, invasion through blood vessel walls, causing bleeding, necrosis

109
Q

Aspergillus agar

A

Sabouraud

110
Q

Aspergillus treatment

A

Conazoles or amphotericin

111
Q

Risk for rhizopus or mucor in which patient s

A

Hematologic malignancy, neutropenia, diabetus (bc acidosis)

112
Q

Diabetic with orbital/cerebral fungus think

A

Mucor mycosis

113
Q

P jiroveci affects

A

AIDS

114
Q

P jiroveci histology

A

Foamy protenacious material, desquamated cells

115
Q

Diagnosis of P jirovecci done via

A

Silver stain

116
Q

P jirovecci treatment

A

trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole

117
Q

Entamoeba histolyca presentations

A

Bloody diahrrea, liver abcesses, sometimes assymptomatic

118
Q

Giardia presentation

A

Watery diahrrea and malabsorption

119
Q

Cryptosporidum parvum presentation

A

Watery diarrhea, major in AIDS

120
Q

Entamoeba hystolytica lesions

A

Flask shaped ulcers in mucosa, liver

121
Q

Enteomaba histolytica confirmation tests

A

NAAT or antigen

122
Q

Entamoeba and giardia spread

A

Fecal oral

Must ingest spore form (not found in diahrreah)

123
Q

Amebas must adhere using surface protein ____

A

Lectin

124
Q

Amebas bind to host cell _____

A

Gal-galNac

125
Q

Soldier with chronic malabsorption diarrea think

A

entamoeba histo

126
Q

Giardia morph

A

Flagellated trophozyte w 2 nuclues

127
Q

Giardia presentation

A

loss of villi leads to malabsorption

128
Q

Giardia treatment

A

Metronidazole

129
Q

Cryptosporidium stains ____

A

acid fast

130
Q

Cryptosporidium infectious form

A

oocyte

131
Q

Trich vaginalis presentation

A

Vaginitis, strawberry cervix,

132
Q

Enterobious vermicularis life cycle and spread

A

Ingestion of eggs

Hatch in duodenum and mature in intestine

Pregnant female worms leave via anus

133
Q

Enterobious vermicularis presentation

A

Itchy booty

134
Q

Strogyloides stercolaris manifestation

A

Mimics ulcer / gallbladder disease.

135
Q

Strongyloides life cycle and spread

A

Skin to
Gut
Pertitoneum
Blood
Lung
Swallow
Repeat

Spread fecally

136
Q

Strongyloides lab finding

A

Eosinophilia

137
Q

Albendazole MOA

A

Binds to parasite beta tubulin

138
Q

Ivermectin MOA

A

GABA neuromuscular blocker

139
Q

Hookworm to know

A

Necator americanus
Ancylostoma duodenala

140
Q

Hookworm manifestation

A

Iron deficiency from chronic GI bleed

141
Q

Ascaris lumbricoides presentation

A

Often assymptomatic except for passafe of worms

Sometimes gall bladder obstruction

142
Q

Hookworm life cycle

A

Fecal cutaneous

Skin to blood to lungs

Swallowed and mature in GI tract

143
Q

Tape worm types and animals

A

Taneia saginata: beef

Taenia solium: pork

Diphyllobothirum latum: fish

144
Q

Fish tapeowrm symptom

A

Megaloblastic anemia

145
Q

Solium spread and subsequent disease (2)

A

If via undercooked pork, cysts only cause GI

If larvae from feces can penetrate deep tissues

146
Q

Trichonella spirarlis presentation and spread

A

Undercooked pork consumed leads to cysts in striated muscle

Muscle aches

**Carnivore disease **

147
Q

Echinococcus spread and patho

A

Fecal oral from dog shit

Makes hydatid cysts

148
Q

Schistosome life cycle

A

Snail to SKIN

Matures in venous system

travels in pairs <3

goes to bladder/intestine and releases eggs for years

149
Q

Infective form of schistosoma called

A

Cercariae

in snailsss

150
Q

Form of schitosoma that enters blood stream

A

Schistosomula

151
Q

Pathology of shistosoma

A

Eggs trapped in host become fibrotic in granuloma

Can plug the liver, bladder cancer

152
Q

River blindness caused by

A

Onchocerciasis

153
Q

Onchocerca vovulus spread and disease

A

Black fly bites near eye

river blindess (type 3 hypersensitivity)

154
Q

Wucheria spread and disease

A

Mosquito to lymph

Causes elephantitis

155
Q

Wucheria treatment

A

Tetracycline kills symbiotics

Diethylcarbamazine kills worm

PBL 2.2.5 (11 decks)

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