Path Exam 3 Flashcards
- Which of the following works with “Blood pressure”?
a. Renin
- What is the most common benign neoplasm of the breast?
b. Fibroadenoma
- A two-year-old child has an abdominal mass and chronic low-grade fever . The mass is biopsied and found to consist of several cell types, some of which form abortive glomeruli, others resemble skeletal muscle. The best diagnosis is
a. Wilms Disease
- Nephrotic syndrome has all of the following EXCEPT:
a. Hyperalbuminemia
- What is the most common site of Urothelial Carcinoma?
a. Bladder
- In what type of inheritance is “Complete penetrance” common?
a. Autosomal recessive
- This is when one copy of the X chromosome is inactivated
a. Lyonization
- What disease has Cardiac problems? (something like this)
a. Marfan syndrome
- All of the following are diagnostic criteria of Neurofibromatosis EXCEPT:
a. Cafe au lait
b. Optic glioma
c. Neurofibroma
d. Lisch nodules
e. Whatever the correct choice was
- In which disease do you get the accumulation of gangliosides?
a. Tay-Sachs disease
- What deficiency is present in Hemophilia A?
a. Factor VIII deficiency
- All of the following are differentials for Traumatic ulcerations EXCEPT:
a. Deep fungal infection
b. Syphilitic ulcer
c. Squamous cell carcinoma
d. Whatever the correct answer was
- Which of the following tablets may cause a Chemical burn to occur?
a. Aspirin
- (Shows a picture of Palatal petechiae) All of the following are reasons this can occur EXCEPT:
a. Don’t remember the answer choice, but it was fairly obvious
Trauma from sex acts, violent coughing, viral infection (infectious mononucleosis)
A patient just finished doing chemotherapy and has been struggling with some oral
complications in the following weeks. Which of the following complications do you think the patient has?
a. Mucositis
- Patient has been complaining about inflammatory tissue due to a faulty fitting denture. They
most likely has
a. Epulis fissuratum
- A patient had a tooth extraction done recently and has presented to your office with swelling
around the extraction site. They most likely have
a. Myospherulosis
- (T/F) Maternal alcohol and tobacco use can be a risk factor for Orofacial clefts. The use of phenytoin possesses a 2x risk of getting Cleft lip
a. First statement is true. Second statement is false
- This is congenital invagination of the lower lips
a. Paramedian lip pits
- Your patient presents with multiple yellow-white papules. What do you think it is?
a. Fordyce Granules
- This has a white appearance that disappear when mucosa stretched
a. Leukoedema
- Macroglossia question (don’t remember exactly what it was)
Macroglossia is caused by:
Amyloidosis
- Lingual thyroids have a female predominance. In most cases, the ectopic gland is the only thyroid tissue
a. Both statements are True
- Fissure tongue is often associated with
a. Geographic tongue
- This is often confused with the incisive foramen (idk it was something like that)
a. Nasopalatine duct cyst
- (Shows a picture of a lesion on the posterior lateral tongue) What is this lesion?
a. Lymphoepithelial cyst (at least I thought it was)
- What group of agents is associated with “Acute myeloid leukemia”?
a. Benzene
- Which of the following are NOT hallmarks of cancer?
d. Increased apoptosis
- Statement question about “Immunohistochemistry”
i. (just know this slide)
- Epstein Barr virus mostly affects what cells?
a. B lymphocytes
- Histo question on Fibroma
- In oral focal mucinosis, you get the overproduction of what?
a. Hyaluronic acid by fibroblasts
- You see a proliferation of Schwann cells and fibroblasts in this
a. Neurofibroma
- Picture of
Congenital Epulis
Granular Cell tumor (tumor on the tongue)
- What is the most common tumor of infancy?
a. Hemangioma
- Question about Lymphangioma
Benign growth of lymphatic vessels
- What clinical presentation of Kaposi Sarcoma do you primarily see oral lesions in?
a. Epidemic
- Picture of
squamous papilloma
- In Condyloma Acuminatum, HPV 6 + 11 is the most common type. It is a common sexually
transmitted disease
a. Both statements are true
- Presents as dark keratin patches on the skin
a. I think it was Seborrheic keratosis
- (Picture asking was it was) Can you get a normal appearance after habit cessation?
a. It is Tobacco Pouch keratosis and you can get a normal appearance after cessation
- Maybe a question about frictional keratosis
White keratotic areas, produced by trauma, teeth, ill fitting denture
- Which of the following can lead to cancer? (Maybe a picture??)
a. Leukoplakia
- Picture of
Actinic Cheilitis
- Picture of
Squamous Cell Carcinoma
- Question about Proliferative Verrucous Leukoplakia and its transformation rate
70→ 100% transformation rate
- What type of HPV positive Oropharyngeal SCC is on the rise?
a. HPV (+) Oropharyngeal with Sexual behavior is on the rise
- What does the “E” in the ABCDEs of melanoma stand for?
a. Evolution
A. Asymmetry
B. Borders
C. Color
D. Diameter
E. Evolution
- What is the order for HIV replication?
a. Binding, fusion, reverse transcription, integration, replication, assembly, budding
- Replacement of one mature cell type for another mature cell type is known as
a. Metaplasia
- Sulfur granules are associated with
a. Actinomycosis
- What is the primary cell of chronic inflammation?
a. Mononuclear cell
- Which cell type will produce the most scarring?
a. Neurons
- Hyperplastic candidiasis is best described as
a. White plaque that cannot be wiped off
- (Shows you a picture) Patient presents with this on the tongue. No exudate is present. What could it be?
Nodule
- The term “Hair on end” is used to describe what?
a. Thalassemia
- What best describes “Multiple myeloma”?
a. Punched out holes (radiolucency)
- Krunkenberg tumors are often seen in
a. Ovaries
- Which of the following hepatitis are transmitted “Enterically”?
a. Hep A
- Which of the following is associated with Hashimoto’s hypothyroidism?
a. Non-hodgkin’s lymphoma
- What is associated with mucocutaneous lesions and bronzing?
a. Addison’s disease
- Thrombocytopenic purpura platelet count would be
a. Below normal
- This is associated with respiratory droplets
a. Covid-19
- What is a tissue with an epithelial lined cavity?
a. Periapical cyst
- What is the name for malignant blood vessels?
a. Angiosarcoma
- What is the name for malignant cartilage?
a. Chondrosarcoma
- Head and neck malignancy?
Gardner
- Yellowing of gingiva?
Jaundice
- Salivary gland tumor on hard palate?
Polymorphous low-grade adenocarcinoma - PLGA
- Mesothelioma is a benign outgrowth of the pleura. It decreases with asbestos exposure
Both false – malignant; increases
COPD
Chronic bronchitis and emphysema
- Precursor to squamous cell carcinoma
a. Erythroleukoplakia
- Peutz-Jegher occurs in what
a. Peri-oral freckling
- most common salivary gland tumor
a. Pleomorphic adenoma
- Granulomatous inflammation
a. Chron’s disease
- Multiple myeloma on radiographic
a. Punched out
- Sickle cell is valine for what
a. Glutamine
- T/F Tall patient had pheochromocytoma and mucosal neuromas. This is type MEN Type
2A
False - MEN type 2B
- Hyperplastic candidiasis?
a. Can not be wiped off
- Which of following does not cause gingival hyperplasia
a. Perry romberg
- The change of one mature cell type to another
a. Metaplasia
- Kidney regulate blood pressure
Renin
- Which antibody is found in bodily secretions, GI, saliva, tears
IgA
- Invasion of abnormal squamous epithelium into connective tissue in seen
a. Squamous cell carcinoma
- Chipmunk face for thalassemia due to what
a. Compensatory hyperplasia of bone marrow
- Cell granulomatous inflammation
d. Active macrophage
- What is true of paramedian lip pits
b. Express saliva
- Healing by primary intention pulls margin together, secondary intention don’t pull
margins together
a. Both True
- Order these terms in increasing size: Purpura, Petechiae, and Ecchymosis
a. Petechiae → Purpura → ecchymosis
- Kid presents with mandibular molar with hyperplasia toward the coronal end of the
tooth
a. Chronic hyperplastic pulpitis
- Low virulence will
b. Immunocompromised patients
- If you think someone has blood under their skin, what is the technique, you use to
blanch?
a. Diascopy
- Munchausen syndrome is example of
a. Factitial injury
- often associated with ill-fitting denture
a. Epulis fissuratum
- Tetracycline staining
a. Intrinsic
- True/ False radiation kills only tumor cells
a. False– radiation kills both tumor and normal cells
- Least concerned with pigmented lesion
b. Diameter <6cm
- Cleft lip is:
a. Failure of fusion of the maxillary and medial nasal processes
- Which of the following doesn’t present with facial asymmetry?
a. Marie Santon disease
- Fordyce granules are what kinds of glands?
a. Ectopic sebaceous glands
- Port-wine nevus distribution is
CN V
- Branchial cyst is histologically similar to a:
a. lymphoepithelial
- Acromegaly
a. After the closure of epiphyseal plates
- Cystic Hygroma involves what type of vessels?
a. Lymphatic
- Exclusively on skin
a. Basal cell carcinoma
- Giant cell arteritis
a. Temporal artery
- Philadelphia chromosome
a. CML
- Treatment of stable angina
a. Nitroglycerin
- Most common congenital heart malformation
a. Ventricular septal defect
- T/F Left-sided heart failure is pulmonary edema
True
- Measure diabetes
a. Hemoglobin A1C
- Verocay bodies
a. Neurilemmoma
- Post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis
a. Type III (immune mediated)
- Most common benign neoplasm of breast
a. Fibroadenoma
- One that asked about the cells changing but not breaking basement membrane
a. Dysplasia
- Syphilitic aneurysm
a. Ascending aorta
- Which displays spontaneous regression?
a. Hemangioma
- Non-vital tooth, tissue lined cavity
a. Periapical cyst
- Rheumatic fever
a. Cardiac antigen react with antibodies, complication of group A Streptococcal
- Developing overgrowth of tissues native to site
b. Hamartoma
- Breast cancer frequently occurs
a. Upper outer quadrant
- Risk of squamous cell carcinoma EXCEPT
c. HPV 6 & 11
- Plasma cell
a. Multiple myeloma
- Benign smooth muscle
a. Rhabdomyosarcoma
- Malignant tumor of lymphocytes
a. Lymphoma
- Malignant cartilage
a. Chondrosarcoma
- Malignant Blood vessels
Angiosarcoma
- Benign adipose tissue
a. Lipoma
- Malignant glandular epithelium
a. Adenocarcinoma
- High risk area for breast cancer
a. Outer upper
- Which is skin only?
b. Basal cell carcinoma
- Which gives you a high risk for head and neck malignancy?
a. Plummer vinson
- What is true of atherosclerosis?
a. Plaque weakens the lumen
- What is true of medial sclerotic calcification?
a. Does not encroach on vessel
- Giant cell arteritis is in which artery
c. Temporal
- Where are verocay bodies found?
a. Neurolemma
- What is found in granulomatous tissue?
b. Activated macrophages
- What is tissue with an epithelial lined cavity?
a. Periapical cyst
- Nephrotic syndrome has all except:
d. Hyperalbuminemia
- What is true of paramedian lip pits?
b. Express saliva
- What is true of hyperplastic candidiasis?
b. Corners of lips
- Which is a potential complication of cerebral edema?
a. Herniation
- Most common cause of right sided heart failure
a. Left sided heart failure
- Which is autoimmune
a. Pernicious anemia
Glomerulonephritis is usually caused by a retrograde infection in genitourinary
tract. Pyelonephritis is an immune complex mediated disease
a. False false
- Granulomatous inflammation
a. Chrons disease
What terminology is used to describe invagination of the small intestines into
itself leading to necrosis?
a. intussusception
- Meckle’s location
a. Small intestine
- Krunkenberg location
a. Ovaries
- Life span of RBC
a. 4 months
- Hair on end radiographic apperance
a. Thalassemia
- Most common anemia
a. Iron deficiency
- CML gene translocation
a. 9:22
- Plummer vincent is not
a. Pernicious anemia
- Sjogrens syndrome is associated with which lymphoma
a. MALT-oma
- Insulin produced by what
a. Beta cell
- In adipose tissue all of the following are effects of insulin besides what
a. Decreased glucose uptake
- All associated with H pylori but
a. Squamous cell carcinoma?
- What is true of fatty streak (ask on discussion board)
a. Complication would be thrombus?
- Common cause of stroke (ask on discussion board)
a. Thrombus from atherosclerosis ???
b. I think it might’ve been the one with embolism
- Rib notches due to collateral circulation
a. Cooartion of the aorta
- Neutropenia susceptible to what
a. Bacterial infections
- Thrombocytopenia purpura platelet count would be
a. T oo little
- Syphilitic aneurysm
a. Ascending aorta
- Multiple myeloma
a. Punched out radiolucency
- Rheumatic fever
a. Immune reaction with Cardiac antigens and antibodies against streptococcal
- Most common neoplasm OF liver
a. Hepatocellular carcinoma
- Glomerulonephritis is all of the following but
a. Zones of something (not stones bones moans and groans)
- Negri bodies (ask on discussion board)
a. Rabies
- Most common congenital heart defect
a. VSD - ventricular septal defect
- Sickle cell is valine for what
a. Glutamine
- Oral pigmentation
Addisons
- What is not left sided heart failure
a. Lower vascular edema
- Least likely to embolize
a. Astrocytoma of brain to cervical lymph notes
- High levels of erythropoietin
a. Polycythemia
- Renal failure leads anemia why?
a. Kidney failure to produce erythropoietin
b. Or maybe the one about proteinuria? Idk lol
- Most common leukemia in children
a. ALL - acute lymphoblastic leukemia
- Most common primary tumor is Astrocytoma; most common tumor in brain in
metastatic
a. True (bc gylioblastomia is an astrocytoma), true
- Atrial stenosis blocking the left ventricle? (T/F)
False
A two-year-old child has an abdominal mass and chronic low-grade fever. The
mass is biopsied and found to consist of several cell types, some of which form
abortive glomeruli, others resemble skeletal muscle. The best diagnosis
Wilm’s tumor
- Mucosal neuromas
a. MEN 2B
- Ulcerations on tongue, chronic gingivitis, and bone loss
a. Cyclic neutropenia
- Best way to manage diabetes
a. Hemoglobin A1c
- Universal recipient blood type
AB
- To have hep D to have to have what first
Hep B
- Chipmunk face for thalassemia due to what
a. Compensatory hyperplasia of bone marrow
- Step ladder trabeculae
a. Sickle cell
- Streptococcal Glomerulonephritis
a. Type III immune mediated
- Alzhemers neuritis plaques and neurofibrillary tangles. Alzheimers is the most
common form of dementia in older adults
True true
- HPV 16 and 18 associated with what
a. Cervical squamous cell carcinoma
- Most common benign neoplasm of breast
a. Fibroadenoma
- Most common astrocytoma
a. Glioblastoma multiforme
- If you think someone has blood under their skin, what is the technique, you use to
blanch?
a. Diascope/Diascopy
- Which of the following is true about congestive heart failure?
a. Right sided is caused by left sided
- Chronic congestive liver disease is caused by
a. Right sided heart failure
- Which of the following does not result from myocardial infarction?
Angina
- Infection of the blood
a. Septicemia
- Complete loss of blood supply to the organ
a. Infarct
- Main protein affecting osmotic colloid
a. Albumin
- Edema present in right side heart failure
a. Pitting edema
- Organ that is edema is not tolerated in
a. Brain
- Hemorrhage into skin and mucosa sizes
a. Petechia < purpura < ecchymosis
- Unwanted blood clot
a. Thrombus
- Thrombi on heart valves
a. Vegetations
- Dislodgement and travel of thrombus
a. Embolism
- (couldn’t find this info in notes) Which of the following is not a cause of MI?
a. Aneurysm
(couldn’t find this info in notes) Which of the following is not a risk factor for
atherosclerosis?
a. Aneurysm
- (couldn’t find this info in notes) Which of the following is not commonly associated
with fixed stenosis?
Necrosis
- (couldn’t find this info in notes) Which of the following is the most common
congenital heart defect?
a. Ventricular Septal Disorder (VSD)
- (couldn’t find this info in notes) Which of the following is not true about infective
endocarditis?
a. Viral infection
- Spilling mucin into surrounding tissue and forming granulation tissue
a. Mucocele
- All of the following are examples of iatrogenic except
a. Munchausen syndrome
- Munchausen syndrome is example of
Factitial
- Epulis often associated with ill-fitting denture
a. Epulis fissuratum
- Tetracycline staining
a. Intrinsic
- Most common salivary lesion on lower lip
a. Mucocele
- Radiation
a. Kills both tumor cells and normal cells
- Osteoradionecrosis cause
a. Radiation
- Exposed bone that persists for three months in an irradiated area
a. Osteoradionecrosis
- First antiresorptive agent to be associated with MRONJI
a. Bisphosphonates
- Which is not a requirement for a good biopsy
a. Compressive (should be representative, orientable, undistorted)
- Good biopsy
a. > 1 cm
- Genotype is 45 X0
a. Turner syndrome
A karyogram on a newborn shows a 47 XXY genotype. The child has which of the
following?
a. Klinefelter’s syndrome
- Aortic dissection is associated with:
a. Marfan syndrome
Woman has father with x-linked disease, lyonization is 50:50, what are the odds the
child will have it
a. 50%
- What are the chances a father with x-linked disease will pass to son
0%
- Looking at family tree, males and females equally effected, skips generations
a. Autosomal recessive
- Missense mutations
All of the above (substitution of one amino acid, can have fatal effects, can have
no big deal effects, cause sickle cell anemia)
- Lyonization
a. Protects females from X-linked diseases by using other X chromosome
- What type of polyps in Gardner syndrome?
a. Adenomatous polyps
- Which of the following is due to a defect in fibrillin?
a. Marfan syndrome
- Patient has cysts of the jaw and multiple early onset basal carcinomas
a. Nevoid basal cell carcinoma
- Congenital is hereditary. Familial is at birth and not associated with genetics.
a. Both false
- What is vitamin D resistant rickets?
a. X linked
- A Barr Body is:
a. An inactivated X chromosome
- Cleft lip is:
a. Failure of fusion of the maxillary and medial nasal processes
- Paramedian lip pits
a. Express saliva
b. ** defective merging between mandibular processes
- Peutz-Jegher type of polyps
a. Hamartomatous polyps
. Pt with downward slanting palpebral fissures, Colomba of lower eye lid, and hypoplastic
zygoma
a. Mandibulofacial dysplasia (Treacher Collins)
- Which one of the following expresses asymmetry?
a. Parry Romberg
- Which of the following doesn’t present with facial asymmetry?
a. Marie Santon disease
- Peri-oral freckling occurs in what syndrome?
a. Peutz-Jegher
- Signs of Pierre Robin
a. All of the above (Mandibular hypoplasia, Palatal cleft, Glossoptosis)
- Macroglossia is caused by:
a. Amyloidosis
- Fordyce granules are what kinds of glands?
a. Ectopic sebaceous glands
- Port-wine nevus distribution is
a. CN V (trigeminal nerve)
- Branchial cyst is histologically similar to a:
a. Cervical lymphoepithelial cyst
- Acromegaly
a. After the closure of epiphyseal plates
- Tumor suppressor genes act in a recessive manner. Oncogenes act in a dominant
manner.
a. Both true
- Carcinoid tumors secrete what hormone
a. Serotonin
- Sarcomas are more common in children. Carcinomas are more common in old people.
a. Both true
- Sarcoma is from mesoderm. Carcinoma is from ecto/endoderm.
a. Both true
- Cyst with tissue from all three germ layers
a. Teratoma
- These are all sarcoma/mesodermal except:
a. Myxoma
- Which of the following is not associated with neoplasm?
a. Malignancy
- Most of the malignancies in the US are accounted for by
a. None of the above – carcinoma
- Grading done by pathologist, staging done by clinician
a. Both true
- Tumor suppressor gene mutation has what effect on cancer formation?
a. Loss of function
- Which of the following is not a sign of Neurofibromatosis?
a. Polyps/Intestinal polyposis
- Keloid is made of
a. Collagen
- Cystic Hygroma involves what type of vessels?
a. Lymph vessels
- Cystic Hygroma involes:
a. Airway obstruction
- Rhabdomyosarcoma is common in children. Rhabdomyosarcoma is more common than
Rhabdomyoma (benign).
a. Both True
- The most common soft tissue carcinoma of children:
a. Rhabdomyosarcoma
- Pseudoepitheliomatous hyperplasia (PEH) can be confused with:
a. Granular cell tumor
Patient has pheochromatoma of adrenal medulla, and nodules in mouth. What do they
have?
a. Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia Syndrome IIb (MEN IIb)
Which of the following is not associated with Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia Syndrome IIb (MEN IIB)?
a. Pituitary tumor
- Some question about MEN IIA (lol v descriptive)
False
- MEN type II has thyroid cancer. MEN type II involves oral mucosal nodules.
Both true
- Kaposi sarcoma caused by HIV
False
Uterine mass
Leiomyoma
- High risk of cancer in all the following except:
a. Acanthosis nigricans
- What is the risk factor for lower lip vermillion carcinoma?
a. Actinic radiation
- Which is not true of in-situ?
a. Has invaded the basement membrane
- Which is not high risk for cancer?
a. Dorsal tongue
- 90% of Erythroplakia will be dysplastic. 20% of Leukoplakia is dysplastic.
Both true
- Al of the following are characteristics of dysplasia except:
a. Hyperkeratosis
- Melanoma prognosis is dependent on:
a. Depth/invasion
- Under 1 cm is always benign, over 1 cm is malignant
False
- Abnormal cell growth that has not gone through basement membrane is:
a. Dysplasia
- You can diagnose squamous cell carcinoma clinically
False
- Which of the following is not a part of the ABCD of malignant melanoma?
a. Compressible
- (T/F): Squamous Cell Carcinoma metastasizes to the regional lymph nodes.
True1
- (T/F) Lateral border of the tongue is high risk site for squamous cell carcinoma.
True1
- Sarcomas travel by hematogenous route and end in the lungs. Carcinomas travel via
lymphatics and end up in the lymph nodes
True
- Most common tumor of the lungs?
a. Metastatic
- Which has the Alpha 1-anti-trypsin deficiency
a. Panaciniar emphysema
- Loss of sympathetic innervation (aka Horner’s) causes all of the following except:
Exophthalmia
- Which is the most likely to metastasize
a. Squamous cell carcinoma
- Surfactant is secreted by
a. Type II pneumocytes
- What type of collapsed lung is caused by obstruction of the airway?
Resorption
- What type of collapsed lung is caused by fluid within pleural cavity?
a. Compression
- What type of collapsed lung is caused by local or generalized fibrotic changes?
a. Contraction
- COPD consists of:
a. Chronic bronchitis and emphysema
- Mesothelioma is a benign outgrowth of the pleura. It decreases with asbestos
exposure.
a. Both false
- Most pain receptors are on the:
a. Pleura of lungs
- What is the most common cause of right-sided heart failure?
c. Left-sided heart failure
- What is the most common benign neoplasm of the breast?
b. Fibroadenoma
- Glomerulonephritis is usually caused by a retrograde infection in genitourinary tract.
Pyelonephritis is an immune complex-mediated disease.
d. Both statements are false
- What terminology is used to describe invagination of the small intestines into itself,
leading to necrosis?
b. Intussusception
- Patients with Barret’s esophagus are at risk for developing what type of cancer?
a. Adenocarcinoma
- Krukenburg tumor is used to describe metastasis of an adenocarcinoma to the
Ovaries
- What is the average life span of an RBC?
c. 4 months
- A “hair-on-end” radiographic finding can be seen in which of the following?
c. Thalassemia
- A “step-ladder trabeculae” radiographic finding can be seen in which of the following?
a. Sickle cell anemia
- Sickle cell anemia occurs due to substitution of valine to
b. Glutamine (should be glutamic acid)
- Patients with Plummer-Vinson syndrome present with all of the following except?
c. Pernicious anemia
- Which anemia is considered autoimmune disease?
b. Vitamin B12 anemia
- What is the most common anemia?
b. Iron-deficiency anemia
- Which of the following presents with mucocutaneus lesions and bronzing?
a. Addison’s disease
- Patient presents with sloughy, enlarged gingiva. What type of leukemia would you
suspect?
b. AML
- Which of the following do you expect to see during bacterial infections?
a. Neutrophilia
- Which of the following presents with pheochromocytoma and mucosal neuromas?
c. MEN 2B
- Which pancreatic cell releases insulin?
b. Beta cell
- If a child has periodic aphthous-like ulcerations and periodontitis, which of the following
does the patient have most likely?
a. Cyclic neutropenia
- CML is associated with the Philadelphia chromosome which is a translocation between
chromosomes
9 to 22
- Which lymphoma is associated with Sjogren’s syndrome?
b. MALT lymphoma
- Which disease is characterized by granulomatous inflammation?
a. Crohn’s Disease
- Which of the following do not result from H. pylori infection?
c. Squamous cell carcinoma
- Hepatitis D relies on coinfection with?
b. Hepatitis B
- Meckel diverticulosis is the developmental defect of which organ?
a. Small intestine
- Patients with Peutz-Jehger syndrome present with which of the following?
a. Hamartomatous polyps
- What is the most common tumor of the liver?
b. Hepatocellular carcinoma
- Which of the following radiographic findings would you find with multiple myeloma?
b. Punched out holes
- Chipmunk face which is a common manifestation of thalassemia which is caused by
compensation of?
d. Hyperplasia of bone marrow
- Negri bodies are found in which of the following
Rabies
- Which of the following is not a manifestation of hyperparathyroidism?
e. Hyperplasia
- Which of the following is not an effect of insulin?
c. Decrease glucose uptake
- The most common congenital heart defect in humans is:
d. Ventricular septal defect
- Which of the following is LEAST likely to happen?
a. Astrocytoma (of the brain) metastasizes to cervical lymph nodes
Some tumors such as renal cell carcinoma may inappropriately secrete supraphysiologic
levels of erythropoietin. The result could be:
c. Polycythemia
- In immune thrombocytopenic purpura platelet levels would be found to be
c. Below normal
- What is the most common primary tumor of the brain?
a. Glioblastoma multiforme
- Which of the following is a potential complication of cerebral edema?
c. Herniation of brainstem
The most common cause of parenchymal brain hemorrhage is hypertension. The most
common cause of a cerebral vascular accident is?
a. Thrombosis of a vessel involved by atherosclerosis
A two-year-old child has an abdominal mass and chronic low-grade fever. The mass is
biopsied and found to consist of several cell types, some of which form abortive
glomeruli, others resemble skeletal muscle. The best diagnosis
a. Wilm’s tumor
- Streptococcal glomerulonephritis is classified as a
c. Immune complex-mediated reaction
Neuritic plaques and neurofibrillary tangles are the major microscopic features of
Alzheimer disease. Alzheimer disease is the most common dementia of the elderly.
a. Both statements are true
- Left-sided heart failure may be associated with all of the following findings EXCEPT:
e. Lower extremity edema
- Which blood type is known as the universal recipient?
c. Type AB
- Which of the following statements is true about fatty streaks?
a. It is more common in adults
b. Can eventually lead to thrombosis
- A syphilitic aneurysm commonly occurs in the
b. Ascending aorta
- Rheumatic fever can cause mitral stenosis by
Inflammation reaction by antibodies reacting with cardiac antigens of Group A
streptococcal bacteria
- Intercostal notching and hypertension can be caused by?
c. Coarctation of the aorta
- Acute rheumatic fever that causes mitral stenosis is an example of a
b. Type II hypersensitivity reaction
- It is recommended to get vaccinated against HPV subtypes 16 and 18 to prevent?
a. Squamous cell carcinoma of the cervix
- The astrocytoma is the most common primary malignant tumor of the brain. The most
common malignant tumor in the brain is metastatic tumor.
True, true
- Aortic stenosis can cause concentric hypertrophy of the left ventricle.
True
What is the best way to assess a patient’s blood sugar levels in a patient with Diabetes
Mellitus?
b. Monitor A1c
- All of the following are types of cells found in the CNS except
Islet cells
- Which of the following isn’t associated w viral meningitis/encephalitis?
c. Sy6philis
- Define the pathogenesis of a prion disease and give an example of one
Abnormal forms of cellular protein cause transmissible neurodegenerative
disorders.
i. Example – Creutschfield
A localized reduction or cessation of blood flow to a defined portion of the brain is
called
a. Focal Cerebral Ischemia
- What causes MS?
Multiple areas of demyelination (plaques) in white matter of brain and spinal
cord
- Individuals with sleep apnea have a 30% increased risk of morbidity and mortality?
True
- Concussion refers to ____ and contusion refers to ____
a. Clinical syndrome of altered consciousness secondary to head injury – sudden
disruption of neuro fxn
b. Direct parenchymal injury of brain (bruising)
A patient exhibits a unilateral proliferation of blood vessels (vascular nevus) involving
the skin of the distribution of the 3rd branch of the trigeminal verve – what type of disease is this?
a. Developmental disease
Circulating immune complexes filter out in small vessels and activate the complement
cascade. C5a attracts neutrophils which cause local damaging inflammation… (can’t see
rest)
a. Type III immune injury disease
- All of the following are autoimmune diseases except
b. Bruton’s hypogammaglobulinemia
- Which organ has a very low tolerance to edema?
a. Brain and lungs
- Tetracycline staninig is an example of
Intrinsic stain
A karyogram shows a newborn has Klinefelter syndrome. What genotype would you
expect to see?
a. 47 XXY
- Pts with Peuts – Jegher syndrome often first present with
c. Perioral freckling
- Grading of a malignancy is done by pathologists at the microscope. Staging done by clinician to determine distrubition of tumor in body
(T/T)
- A ds of squamous cell carcinoma can be made clinically
False
- Kaposi sarcoma is caused by the HIV
False
- Most common cause of right sided heart failure is
Left sided heart failure
- Which of the following conditions isn’t a well established risk factor for breast cancer
b. Having a child
- Most common benign neoplasm of the breast is
b. Fibroadenoma
- What percentage of mend evelop prostate cancer by the age of 80?
70%
- Glomerulonephritis is usually caused by a retrograde infection in genitourinary tract.
Pyelonephritis is an immune complex mediated diseas
F/F
What terminology is used to describe invagination of the small intestines into itself
leading to necrosis?
a. Intussisception?
- Pts with barrett’s esophagus are at risk of developing what type of malignancy?
a. Adenocarcinoma
- The oral lesions associated with ulcerative colitis are known as
pyostomatitis vegetans
What terminology used to describe metastasis of an adenocarcinoma to the bilateral
ovaries?
Krukenberg tumor
What is average life span of a RBC?
120 days
What radiographic term can be used to describe both sickle cell anemia and
thalassemia?
Hiar on end
Sickle cell anemia occurs due to substitution bw which 2 amino acids?
Valine for glutamic acid
Pts with plummer vinson syndrome present with which type of anemia?
Iron deficiency
- Which anemia considered autoimmune disease
a. Hemolytic anemia
- In viral infection, which type of WBC is elevated?
a. Leukocyte
- What immune deficiency is caused by having a pronounced decrease in # of neutrophils
a. Neutropenia
When presenting with oral manifestation, which leukemia has a predilection for the
gingiva
a. Acute myelogenous leukemia
- What low grade lymphoma can be associated with patients with sjogrens?
Lymphoma???
- Which high grade lymphoma has a predilection for the jawbone of children and is
associated with herpes IV?
a. Burkett’s lymphoma
- A malignancy of plasma cells is referred to as
Multiple myeloma
- Name one medication that impairs ability of platelets to aggregate
Aspirin
Right lung has 2 lobes?
False
An aspirated crown mor elikely to be lodged in right side?
True
What type of necrosis seen in TB?
Caseous necrosis
- Name three types of atelectasis?
a. Resorption, compression, contraction
- Which type of emphysema predominates in non-smokers?
a. Panacinar emphysema
- Name 3 diff types of lung cancers
a. Squamous cell carcinoma
b. Adenocarcinoma
c. Small cell carcinoma
- Name 3 diff hormones secreted by the anterior pituitary gland
a. GH
b. Prolactin
c. ACTH
- Excess secretion of GH after epiphyseal plates have closed results in which abnormality?
a. Acromegaly
- Which specific portion of adrenal gland secretes cortisol?
Zona fasciulata of adrenal cortex
- What is the oral manifestation of MEN 2B
a. Mucosal neuromas
- Glucagon is secreted by which type of pancreatic cell?
a. Alpha cells
- Hep A considred STD?
true
25 yo man presents to oral surgery for extraction of #15 with divergent and dilacerated
roots. When pt returned… cluster of painful small ulcerations that began as vesicles were noted on herd palate. On pulpation, this lesion no indurated and didn’t have rolled
border…. Or symptoms. Which of following is most appropriate dx?
a. Recurrent herpetic infection
What immune deficiency is caused by having a pronounced decrease in # of
neutrophils?
Neutropenia
- What’s the name of oral lesion in secondary syphilis?
a. Mucous patch
- Increase in overall size of tissue due to increase in size of cells
Hypertrophy
Name 2 periapical pathosis that can present as a periapical radiolucency associated with
a non vital tooth
a. Periapical cyst and periapical granuloma
- Name the most commom benign salivar gland tumor
a. Pleomorphic adenoma
- Vomiting of fresh red blood is called…
Hematemesus
- Which type of colonic polyp has greatest incidence of undergoing malignant?
Familial adenomatulous polyposus coli (FAP)
- The oral lesions associated with ulcerative colitis are known as
Pyostomatits Vegetans
