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D2 Fall - Pathology Exam 3 > 10/21: CNS Part 2 > Flashcards

10/21: CNS Part 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Where are most CNS tumors located?

A

Intracranial; spinal cord tumors are less frequent

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2
Q

Where are CNS tumors located in adults and children?

A

Adults: supratentorial
Children: infratentorial

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3
Q

What is the second most common malignancy in children?

A

CNS tumors

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4
Q

What are two types of astrocytomas?

A

Glioblastoma - Diffuse
Pilocytic astrocytoma -Localized

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5
Q

What is the most common adult primary tumor?

A

Glioblastoma (diffuse)

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6
Q

Who is pilocytic astrocytoma primarily found in?

A

Children

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7
Q

What WHO grade is pilocytic astrocytoma?

A

WHO 1 (favorable outcome)

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8
Q

Who are oligodendrogliomas commonly found in?

A

Adults

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9
Q

What genes are associated with oligodendroglioma?

A

1p19q co-deletion

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10
Q

Oligodendroglioma has a better prognosis than _________

A

Astrocytoma

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11
Q

What WHO grade is oligodendroglioma?

A

WHO grades II, III

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12
Q

Who is ependymoma associated with?

A

Children/adults

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13
Q

Where is ependymoma found in children and adults?

A

Children - intracranial
Asults - spinal cord

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14
Q

What WHO grade is ependymoma?

A

WHO grade II, III , grade II most common

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15
Q

What WHO grade is medulloblastoma?

A

grade IV
- Despite the WHO grade IV designation, this tumor
has a very favorable prognosis in many cases

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16
Q

Where is medulloblastoma located?

A

In the cerebellum

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17
Q

What is the second most common primary intracranial tumor in adults >30 years and female?

A

Meningioma

18
Q

What nerve is schwannoma associated with?

A

Cranial nerve VIII

19
Q

What is the most common metastases?

A

Lung
Breast

20
Q

What is often hemorrhagic metastases?

A

Kidney
Melanoma
Choriocarcinoma

21
Q

What are examples of meningitis infection?

A

Bacterial
Fungal
Viral
Other

22
Q

What are examples of encephalitis infection?

A

Bacterial
Viral: herpetic, rabies, polio, slow virus

23
Q

Definition of enecphalitis, meningitis, meningoencephalitis, meningoencephalomyelitis, and meningomyelitis

A
  • Encephalitis: inflammation of the brain
  • Meningitis: inflammation of the meninges
  • Meningoencephalitis: inflammation of the brain and
    meninges
  • Meningoencephalomyelitis: inflammation of the meninges,
    brain and spinal cord
  • Meningomyelitis: inflammation of the spinal cord and its
    membranes
24
Q

What kind of spread of infection is most common?

A

Hematogenous

25
Q

Where do local infections spread from?

A

Paranasal sinuses, dental infections, skin (facial) infections

26
Q

Who has the peak incidence of meningitis?

A

Children (75% of cases)

27
Q

What are cerebral abscess?

A

Penetrating skull injury
Spread of infection from other sources
May be bacterial or fungal in origin

28
Q

What are toxoplasmosis?

A

Multilple necrotizing abscessess

29
Q

Where is herpes simplex encephalitis distributed?

A

In an assymetric fashion through the medial temporal and inferior frontal lobes

30
Q

What is CMV?

A
  • Rare in adults, typically immunocompromised
  • Important in pregnancy and early postnatal period
  • One of the TORCH infections
  • Causes periventricular calcifications
  • Viral particles in brain and persist for decades after fetal
    infection
31
Q

What is PML?

A

Opportunistic demyelinating disease caused by the JC polyomavirus

32
Q

Who is PML most common in?

A

Immunocompromised patients

33
Q

What is the diagnostic hallmark for PML?

A

Presence of oligodendrocytes with enlarged nuclei

34
Q

What are prios?

A

abnormal forms of a cellular protein that causes
transmissible neurodegenerative disorders

35
Q

What are demyelinating diseases?

A

Multiple sclerosis (MS)

36
Q

What are degenerative diseases?

A

Alzheimer
Parkinson
ALS

37
Q

What is MS characterized by?

A

more than one episode of neurologic deficits separated in time, attributable to CNS white matter lesions that are separated in space

38
Q

What is found on MRI for multiple sclerosis?

A

Multifocal lesions of various ages in white mater located adjacent to lateral ventricles

39
Q

What are pathologic landmarks of alzheimers disease?

A

Neuritic plaques and neurofibrillary tanles

40
Q

What is parkinson disease characterized by?

A

Presence of lewy bodies

41
Q

What is parkinson disease visible as?

A

Depigmentation of the substantia nigra in the midbrain

D2 Fall - Pathology Exam 3 (4 decks)

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