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Path Flashcards

1
Q

PDGF

A

Secreted by activated platelets and macrophages
Induces vascular remodeling and smooth muscle
cell migration
Stimulates fibroblast growth for collagen synthesis

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2
Q

FGF

A

Stimulates angiogenesis

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3
Q

EGF

A

Stimulates cell growth via tyrosine kinases (eg,

EGFR/ErbB1)

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4
Q

TGF-β

A

Angiogenesis, fibrosis

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5
Q

Metalloproteinases

A

Tissue remodeling

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6
Q

VEGF

A

Stimulates angiogenesis

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7
Q

ALK

A

Oncogene
Receptor tyrosine kinase
Lung adenocarcinoma

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8
Q

BCR-ABL

A

Oncogene
Tyrosine kinase
CML, ALL

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9
Q

BCL-2

A

Oncogene
Antiapoptotic molecule (inhibits apoptosis)
Follicular and diffuse large B cell lymphomas

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10
Q

BRAF

A

Oncogene
Serine/threonine kinase
Melanoma, non-Hodgkin lymphoma, papillary
thyroid carcinoma

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11
Q

c-KIT

A

Oncogene
Cytokine receptor
Gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST)

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12
Q

c-MYC

A

Oncogene
Transcription factor
Burkitt lymphoma

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13
Q

HER2/neu (c-erbB2)

A

Oncogene
Receptor tyrosine kinase
Breast and gastric carcinomas

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14
Q

JAK2

A

Oncogene
Tyrosine kinase
Chronic myeloproliferative disorders

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15
Q

KRAS

A

Oncogene
GTPase
Colon cancer, lung cancer, pancreatic cancer

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16
Q

MYCL1

A

Oncogene
Transcription factor
Lung tumor

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17
Q

MYCN

A

Oncogene
Transcription factor
Neuroblastoma

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18
Q

RET

A

Oncogene
Receptor tyrosine kinase
MEN 2A and 2B, medullary thyroid cancer

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19
Q

APC

A

Tumor suppressor gene
Negative regulator of β-catenin/WNT pathway
Colorectal cancer (associated with FAP)

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20
Q

BRCA1/BRCA2

A

Tumor suppressor gene
DNA repair protein
Breast, ovarian, and pancreatic cancer

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21
Q

CDKN2A

A

Tumor suppressor gene

p16,blocks G1 to S phase Melanoma, pancreatic cance

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22
Q

DCC

A

Tumor suppressor
gene
DCC—Deleted in
Colon Cancer Colon cancer

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23
Q

DPC4/SMAD4 r

A

Tumor suppressor gene
DPC—Deleted in Pancreatic Cancer
Pancreatic cance

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24
Q

MEN1

A

Tumor suppressor gene
Menin
MEN 1

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25
NF1
Tumor suppressor gene Neurofibromin (Ras GTPase activating protein) Neurofibromatosis type 1
26
NF2
Tumor suppressor gene | Merlin (schwannomin) protein Neurofibromatosis type 2
27
PTEN
Tumor suppressor gene Tyrosine phosphatase of PIP3 (eg, protein kinase B [AKT] activation) Breast cancer, prostate cancer, endometrial cancer
28
Rb
Tumor suppressor gene Inhibits E2F; blocks G1 to S phase Retinoblastoma, osteosarcoma
29
TP53
Tumor suppressor gene p53, activates p21, blocks G1 to S phase Most human cancers, Li-Fraumeni syndrome (multiple malignancies at early age, aka, SBLA cancer syndrome: Sarcoma, Breast, Leukemia, Adrenal gland)
30
TSC1
Tumor suppressor gene Hamartin protein Tuberous sclerosis
31
TSC2
Tumor suppressor gene Tuberin protein Tuberous sclerosis
32
VHL
Tumor suppressor gene Inhibits hypoxia inducible factor 1a von Hippel-Lindau disease
33
WT1
Tumor suppressor gene Transcription factor that regulates urogenital development Wilms tumor (nephroblastoma)
34
Ca associated with EBV
Burkitt lymphoma, Hodgkin lymphoma, nasopharyngeal carcinoma, 1° CNS lymphoma (in immunocompromised patients)
35
Ca associated with HBV, HCV
Hepatocellular carcinoma
36
Ca associated with HHV-8
Kaposi sarcoma
37
Ca associated with HPV
Cervical and penile/anal carcinoma (types 16, | 18), head and neck cancer
38
Ca associated with H pylori
Gastric adenocarcinoma and MALT lymphoma
39
Ca associated with HTLV-1
Adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma
40
Ca associated with Liver fluke (Clonorchis sinensis)
Cholangiocarcinoma
41
Ca associated with Schistosoma haematobium
Bladder cancer (squamous cell)
42
Aflatoxins (Aspergillus)
Affects: Liver | Hepatocellular carcinoma
43
Alkylating agents
Affects:Blood Leukemia/lymphoma
44
Aromatic amines (eg, benzidine, 2-naphthylamine)
Affects: Bladder | Transitional cell carcinoma
45
Arsenic
``` Affects: Liver Lung Skin Angiosarcoma Lung cancer Squamous cell carcinoma ```
46
Asbestos
Affects:Lung | Bronchogenic carcinoma > mesothelioma
47
Carbon tetrachloride
Affects: Liver | Centrilobular necrosis, fatty change
48
Ethanol
Affects: Esophagus and Liver Squamous cell carcinoma Hepatocellular carcinoma
49
Ionizing radiation
Affects: Thyroid | Papillary thyroid carcinoma
50
Nitrosamines (smoked | foods)
Affects:Stomach | Gastric cancer
51
Radon
Affects: Lung Lung cancer (2nd leading cause after cigarette smoke)
52
Vinyl chloride
Affects:Liver | Angiosarcoma
53
Tumor Marker: Alkaline phosphatase
Metastases to bone or liver, Paget disease of bone, seminoma (placental ALP) Must exclude hepatic origin by checking LFTs and GGT levels
54
Tumor Marker: α-fetoprotein
Hepatocellular carcinoma, hepatoblastoma, yolk sac (endodermal sinus) tumor, mixed germ cell tumor High levels associated with neural tube and abdominal wall defects, low levels associated with Down syndrome
55
Tumor Marker: β-hCG
Hydatidiform moles and Choriocarcinomas (Gestational trophoblastic disease), testicular cancer, mixed germ cell tumor Produced by syncytiotrophoblasts of the placenta
56
Tumor Marker: CA 15-3/CA 27-29
Breast cancer
57
Tumor Marker: CA 19-9
Pancreatic adenocarcinoma.
58
Tumor Marker: CA 125
Ovarian cancer
59
Tumor Marker: Calcitonin
Medullary thyroid carcinoma (alone and in MEN2A, MEN2B)
60
Tumor Marker: CEA
``` Major associations: colorectal and pancreatic cancers. Minor associations: gastric, breast, and medullary thyroid carcinomas. Very nonspecific ```
61
Tumor Marker: Chromogranin
Neuroendocrine tumors
62
Tumor Marker: PSA
Prostate cancer
63
Tumor Marker: P-glycoprotein
Also known as multidrug resistance protein 1 (MDR1) adrenocortical carcinoma but also expressed by other cancer cells (eg, colon, liver)

FA note cards (16 decks)

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