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FA note cards > Path > Flashcards

Path Flashcards

1
Q

PDGF

A

Secreted by activated platelets and macrophages
Induces vascular remodeling and smooth muscle
cell migration
Stimulates fibroblast growth for collagen synthesis

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2
Q

FGF

A

Stimulates angiogenesis

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3
Q

EGF

A

Stimulates cell growth via tyrosine kinases (eg,

EGFR/ErbB1)

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4
Q

TGF-β

A

Angiogenesis, fibrosis

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5
Q

Metalloproteinases

A

Tissue remodeling

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6
Q

VEGF

A

Stimulates angiogenesis

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7
Q

ALK

A

Oncogene
Receptor tyrosine kinase
Lung adenocarcinoma

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8
Q

BCR-ABL

A

Oncogene
Tyrosine kinase
CML, ALL

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9
Q

BCL-2

A

Oncogene
Antiapoptotic molecule (inhibits apoptosis)
Follicular and diffuse large B cell lymphomas

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10
Q

BRAF

A

Oncogene
Serine/threonine kinase
Melanoma, non-Hodgkin lymphoma, papillary
thyroid carcinoma

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11
Q

c-KIT

A

Oncogene
Cytokine receptor
Gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST)

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12
Q

c-MYC

A

Oncogene
Transcription factor
Burkitt lymphoma

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13
Q

HER2/neu (c-erbB2)

A

Oncogene
Receptor tyrosine kinase
Breast and gastric carcinomas

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14
Q

JAK2

A

Oncogene
Tyrosine kinase
Chronic myeloproliferative disorders

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15
Q

KRAS

A

Oncogene
GTPase
Colon cancer, lung cancer, pancreatic cancer

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16
Q

MYCL1

A

Oncogene
Transcription factor
Lung tumor

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17
Q

MYCN

A

Oncogene
Transcription factor
Neuroblastoma

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18
Q

RET

A

Oncogene
Receptor tyrosine kinase
MEN 2A and 2B, medullary thyroid cancer

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19
Q

APC

A

Tumor suppressor gene
Negative regulator of β-catenin/WNT pathway
Colorectal cancer (associated with FAP)

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20
Q

BRCA1/BRCA2

A

Tumor suppressor gene
DNA repair protein
Breast, ovarian, and pancreatic cancer

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21
Q

CDKN2A

A

Tumor suppressor gene

p16,blocks G1 to S phase Melanoma, pancreatic cance

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22
Q

DCC

A

Tumor suppressor
gene
DCC—Deleted in
Colon Cancer Colon cancer

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23
Q

DPC4/SMAD4 r

A

Tumor suppressor gene
DPC—Deleted in Pancreatic Cancer
Pancreatic cance

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24
Q

MEN1

A

Tumor suppressor gene
Menin
MEN 1

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25
Q

NF1

A

Tumor suppressor
gene
Neurofibromin (Ras GTPase activating protein) Neurofibromatosis type 1

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26
Q

NF2

A

Tumor suppressor gene

Merlin (schwannomin) protein Neurofibromatosis type 2

27
Q

PTEN

A

Tumor suppressor gene
Tyrosine phosphatase of PIP3 (eg, protein kinase
B [AKT] activation)
Breast cancer, prostate cancer, endometrial
cancer

28
Q

Rb

A

Tumor suppressor gene
Inhibits E2F; blocks G1 to S phase
Retinoblastoma, osteosarcoma

29
Q

TP53

A

Tumor suppressor gene
p53, activates p21, blocks G1 to S phase
Most human cancers, Li-Fraumeni syndrome
(multiple malignancies at early age, aka, SBLA
cancer syndrome: Sarcoma, Breast, Leukemia,
Adrenal gland)

30
Q

TSC1

A

Tumor suppressor gene
Hamartin protein
Tuberous sclerosis

31
Q

TSC2

A

Tumor suppressor gene
Tuberin protein
Tuberous sclerosis

32
Q

VHL

A

Tumor suppressor gene
Inhibits hypoxia inducible factor 1a
von Hippel-Lindau disease

33
Q

WT1

A

Tumor suppressor gene
Transcription factor that regulates urogenital
development
Wilms tumor (nephroblastoma)

34
Q

Ca associated with EBV

A

Burkitt lymphoma, Hodgkin lymphoma, nasopharyngeal carcinoma, 1° CNS lymphoma (in immunocompromised patients)

35
Q

Ca associated with HBV, HCV

A

Hepatocellular carcinoma

36
Q

Ca associated with HHV-8

A

Kaposi sarcoma

37
Q

Ca associated with HPV

A

Cervical and penile/anal carcinoma (types 16,

18), head and neck cancer

38
Q

Ca associated with H pylori

A

Gastric adenocarcinoma and MALT lymphoma

39
Q

Ca associated with HTLV-1

A

Adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma

40
Q

Ca associated with Liver fluke (Clonorchis sinensis)

A

Cholangiocarcinoma

41
Q

Ca associated with Schistosoma haematobium

A

Bladder cancer (squamous cell)

42
Q

Aflatoxins (Aspergillus)

A

Affects: Liver

Hepatocellular carcinoma

43
Q

Alkylating agents

A

Affects:Blood Leukemia/lymphoma

44
Q

Aromatic amines
(eg, benzidine,
2-naphthylamine)

A

Affects: Bladder

Transitional cell carcinoma

45
Q

Arsenic

A 
Affects: Liver
Lung
Skin
Angiosarcoma
Lung cancer
Squamous cell carcinoma
46
Q

Asbestos

A

Affects:Lung

Bronchogenic carcinoma > mesothelioma

47
Q

Carbon tetrachloride

A

Affects: Liver

Centrilobular necrosis, fatty change

48
Q

Ethanol

A

Affects: Esophagus and Liver
Squamous cell carcinoma
Hepatocellular carcinoma

49
Q

Ionizing radiation

A

Affects: Thyroid

Papillary thyroid carcinoma

50
Q

Nitrosamines (smoked

foods)

A

Affects:Stomach

Gastric cancer

51
Q

Radon

A

Affects: Lung
Lung cancer (2nd leading cause after cigarette
smoke)

52
Q

Vinyl chloride

A

Affects:Liver

Angiosarcoma

53
Q

Tumor Marker: Alkaline phosphatase

A

Metastases to bone or liver, Paget disease of bone, seminoma (placental ALP)
Must exclude hepatic origin by checking LFTs
and GGT levels

54
Q

Tumor Marker: α-fetoprotein

A

Hepatocellular carcinoma, hepatoblastoma, yolk sac (endodermal sinus) tumor, mixed germ cell tumor
High levels associated with neural tube and abdominal wall defects, low levels
associated with Down syndrome

55
Q

Tumor Marker: β-hCG

A

Hydatidiform moles and Choriocarcinomas (Gestational trophoblastic disease), testicular cancer, mixed germ cell tumor
Produced by syncytiotrophoblasts of the
placenta

56
Q

Tumor Marker: CA 15-3/CA 27-29

A

Breast cancer

57
Q

Tumor Marker: CA 19-9

A

Pancreatic adenocarcinoma.

58
Q

Tumor Marker: CA 125

A

Ovarian cancer

59
Q

Tumor Marker: Calcitonin

A

Medullary thyroid carcinoma (alone and in MEN2A, MEN2B)

60
Q

Tumor Marker: CEA

A 
Major associations: colorectal and pancreatic
cancers.
Minor associations: gastric, breast, and
medullary thyroid carcinomas.
Very nonspecific
61
Q

Tumor Marker: Chromogranin

A

Neuroendocrine tumors

62
Q

Tumor Marker: PSA

A

Prostate cancer

63
Q

Tumor Marker: P-glycoprotein

A

Also known as multidrug
resistance protein 1 (MDR1)
adrenocortical carcinoma but also expressed by other cancer cells (eg, colon, liver)

FA note cards (16 decks)

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