Path 1-Liver Failure/Hepatitis

Question 1

Answer 1

Question 2

Liver failure

may be result of? 3

Acute- defined as? associated with? 2 length? absence of?

is caused by? most often due to? 1 big example?

other causes? which is quick? slower?

combo? 2

Answer 2

Question 3

Acute liver failure clin

manifests first with? 3 then to? 2

elevated? size of liver? the second stage can see a decrease in? is this good? seen with it? 3

Other mainfestations- alterations of what? seen as? where? increases risk for?

Hepatic encephalopathy- what is it? ranging from? time form? characteristic sign? can be due to?

Answer 3

Question 4

Acute liver failure clin

associated- liver produces what? (absence can cause problem here) so what develops?

other vascular problem? timing? in chronic? major consequences are? 2

association with what organ? what happens/ vaso? drop in? rise in?

Answer 4

Question 5

Chronic liver failure

leading causes? 4 most often associated with? which is? surrounded by?

classification system? levels?

Cirrhosis tells us? not?

Answer 5

Question 6

Chronic Liver failure clin

cirrhosis symptoms often? present with? 3 advanced? 1 death usually due to?

can it be reversed?

common also seen in acute? but?

chronic and symptoms seen in men? women?

portal more common in acute or chronic?

Answer 6

Question 7

Portal Hypertension

increased what? divided into what 3?

pre? major? 3 post- main? 3 intrahepatic?? lesser 4

vaso? caused by? 4

increase in portal venous what? resulting from?

4 major clin consequences?

Answer 7

Question 8

Ascites

what is it? where? amount to be detectable? protein amount? mostly?gradient?

can produce on right side?

Answer 8

produce hydro-thorax, more often on the right side. The pathogenesis of ascites is complex, involving the following mechanisms:
Sinusoidal hypertension, altering Starling’s forces and driving fluid into the space of Disse, from where it is removed by hepatic lymphatics; this movement of fluid is also promoted by hypoalbuminemia.
Percolation of hepatic lymph into the peritoneal cavity: Normal thoracic duct lymph flow approximates 800 to 1000 mL/day. With cirrhosis, hepatic lymphatic flow may approach 20 L/day, exceeding thoracic duct capacity.
Hepatic lymph is rich in proteins and low in triglycerides, which explains the presence of protein in the ascitic fluid.
Splanchnic vasodilation and hyperdynamic circulation. These conditions were described earlier, in relationship to the pathogenesis of portal hypertension. Arterial vasodilation in the splanchnic circulation tends to reduce arterial
blood pressure. With worsening of the vasodilation, the heart rate and cardiac output are unable to maintain the blood pressure. This triggers the activation of

Question 9

Portosystemic shunts

what is happening? can develop? more important ones? why? other one?

Answer 9

Question 10

Splenomegaly

caused by? can induce what abnormalities? 2

Hepatopulmonary syndrome- develop what? this causes? how? in what position?

Portopulmonary hypertension- what is it?due to? manifestation? 2

Answer 10

Question 11

Acute-on-Chronic liver failure

which is there first? often established what? leaves vulnerable how? mortalilty?

hepatitis that can happen together?

ascending cholagitis with what is bad?

systemic causes?

Answer 11

Question 12

Key concepts

Liver failure

Mnemonic for causes of acute liver failure?

serious complications of liver failure?6

Answer 12

Question 13

Hep D

also called? type of virus? needed to infect?

co- occurs when? what must be first? why? symptoms? but?

su- occurs when? timing? type of infection? two phases? acute? chronic?

Answer 13

Question 14

Hep D 2

race? if western seen in who? 2

describe the RNA? RNA detectable when? most reliable indicator of recent infection? 2 co-infection detection via?

vaccination?

Answer 14

Question 15

Hep E

transmitted via? age? reservoir?4 geography?

charactersitic feature? is what? usually is?

not associated iwth? induction period?

describe the Virus characteristics?

detected by? what is detected? what rises

resolves how quickly? sign of this?

Answer 15

Question 16

Answer 16

Question 17

hepatitis- morph

morpho changes shared among? mimicked by?

acute- liver appear?2

micro- infiltrate? injury location? called?

with apoptosis what heppens? what is present?

location of necrosis of hepatocytes?

Answer 17

Question 18

hepatitis morph

chronic- defining histo feature? in addition to lobluar hep? location?

hallmark of progressive chronic liver damage?

liver biopsy important for?

Hep B you can see?

Hep c?

Answer 18

Question 19

Hep key points

pneumonics- never cause chronic hep? causes chronic? for hep b? hep c? hep D?

hep E?

inflammatory cells mainly? in acute and chronic? then differ how?

biopsy in chornic important for?

Answer 19

Question 20

Autoimmune Hepatitis

what is it? what features of autoimmune disease? 4 strong associations to? allele?

clinpath- race? gender? types? based on?

1- age? characterized by? 3 less seen? 1

2- age? markers? 2 one is directed against?

Answer 20

Question 21

Autoimmune hep morph

shares patterns with? differs how?

typical- necro? cell predominance? hepatocyte what in active areas?

give rise to what eventually?

evolution- severe injury? mix of? type of cirrhosis?

Answer 21

Question 22

Answer 22

Question 23

Autoimmune hep

speed of clinical illness? at 8 weeks? untreated? prognosis better in?

treatment? end stage? recurrence? overlap with?

Key concepts- two primary types? associated with what ab?

type of cell prominent ?

Answer 23

Question 24

Drug and toxin induced liver injury

can be casued by? (gen) damage caused by what two mechanisms?

always in liver disease diff? more toxic liver injry tahn any other agent?

Answer 24

Question 25

Drug and Toxin induced liv damage

classic hepatotoxin? most common cause of? the toxic agent is? in what zone? then?

Answer 25

Question 26

Answer 26