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RAD 112: Radiographic Anatomy & Positioning > Patella, femur, hip and pelvis > Flashcards

Patella, femur, hip and pelvis Flashcards

1
Q

Large, rounded eminence on the superior end of the femur that articulates with the acetabulum

A

Head

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2
Q

Constricted portion just inferior from the head of the femur

A

Neck

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3
Q

Two large eminences on the distal end of the femur that articulate with the tibia

A

Condyles

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4
Q

Shallow, triangular area on the anterior surface between the condyles of the femur

A

Patellar surface

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5
Q

Large, prominent process superior and lateral on the shaft of the femur

A

Greater trochanter

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6
Q

Shallow, triangular area on the anterior surface between the condyles of the posterior, distal femur

A

Intercondylar fossa

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7
Q

Cushions between tibia and femur

A

Menisci

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8
Q

Largest bone of lower limb

A

Femur

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9
Q

How should the femoral neck appear in the AP projection of the proximal femur

A

In profile

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10
Q

How should the lesser trochanter appear in the AP projection of the proximal femur?

A

Shouldn’t be seen beyond the medial border of the femur or only a very small portion seen on the proximal femur

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11
Q

What portion of an orthopedic appliance should be demonstrated in the AP projection of the femur?

A

Any in its entirety?

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12
Q

True of false: gonadal shielding shouldn’t be used because it may superimpose the femoral head

A

False

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13
Q

How should the pelvis be positioned to demonstrate the lateral proximal femur?

A

From true lateral, the pelvis should be rolled posteriorly about 10-15 degrees

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14
Q

How should the pelvis be positioned to demonstrate the lateral distal femur?

A

True lateral

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15
Q

Concerning IR placement/collimated field location, to what level on the patient should the upper border of an IR or collimated field be placed when demonstrating the lateral proximal femur?

A

At the level of the ASIS

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16
Q

Concerning IR placement/collimated field location, to what level on the patient should the lower border of an IR or collimated field be placed when demonstrating the lateral distal femur?

A

2 inches beyond the knee

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17
Q

Concerning the placement of the unaffected (uppermost) limb, where should it be placed when demonstrating the lateral proximal femur?

A

Posteriorly

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18
Q

Concerning the placement of the unaffected (uppermost) limb, where should it be placed when demonstrating the lateral distal femur?

A

In front of the affected limb

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19
Q

When demonstrating the lateral distal femur and including the knee, how many degrees should the knee be flexed?

A

About 45 degrees

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20
Q

Which term refers to the inferior tip of the patella?

A

Apex

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21
Q

Which part of the patella is the base?

A

Superior border

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22
Q

Where on the femur is the lesser trochanter located?

A

Medial and posterior

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23
Q

Where is the fovea capitis located?

A

Proximal femur

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24
Q

Which positioning maneuver should be performed to place the femoral neck in profile for the AP projection of the femur?

A

Rotate the lower limb medially 10-15 degrees

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25
Q

Which positioning maneuver should be performed to prevent the femoral neck from appearing foreshortened in the AP projection of the femur?

A

Rotate the lower limb medially 10 to 15 degrees

26
Q

For the AP projection of the femur on typical adults, what should be done to ensure that both joints of the femur are demonstrated?

A

Perform a second exposure with another IR

27
Q

For the lateral projection of the femur, how should the pelvis be positioned to demonstrate only the knee joint with the distal femoral shaft?

A

True lateral

28
Q

Posterior pelvic articulations

A

Sacroiliac

29
Q

2 other names for the hip bone

A

Innominate

Os coxae

30
Q

Projects from the pubic bone

A

Ramus

31
Q

Hip socket formed by the fusion of three bones

A

Acetabulum

32
Q

Forms posterior aspect of pelvis

A

Sacrum

33
Q

Found above the acetabulum

Part of the hip bone that forms the broad, curved portion called the ala

A

Ilium

34
Q

Articulates with the sacrum

A

Coccyx

35
Q

Has a body and two rami

A

Pubis

36
Q

Winglike portion of ilium

A

Ala

37
Q

The structure of the body that serves as a base for the trunk and as a girdle for the attachment of the lower limbs

A

Pelvis

38
Q

4 bones that form the pelvis

A

2 hip bones
Sacrum
Coccyx

39
Q

Which two prominent structures found on the ilium are frequently used as radiographic positioning reference points?

A

Iliac crest and ASIS

40
Q

ASIS

A

Anterior superior iliac spine

41
Q

Which bone/portion of the hip bone consists of a body and two rami?

A

Pubis

42
Q

Which bone/portion of the hip bone extends inferiorly from the acetabulum and joins with the inferior ramus of the pubic bone

A

Ischium

43
Q

What bones of the hip bone form the obturator foramen?

A

By posterior union, the rami of the pubis and ischium

44
Q

2 structures that form the posterior part of the pelvis

A

Sacrum

Coccyx

45
Q

2 parts a pelvis is divided into by the brim of the pelvis

A

Greater (false) pelvis

Lesser (true) pelvis

46
Q

The region between the inlet and the outlet of the true pelvis

A

Pelvic cavity

47
Q

Which gender (male or female) has a pelvis that is broader and shallower with a larger and more rounded outlet?

A

Female

48
Q

2 large processe located at the proximal end of the femur

A

Greater trochanter

Lesser trochanter

49
Q

2 areas of the proximal femur that are common sites for fractures in elderly patients

A

Femoral neck

Intertrochanteric crest

50
Q

In a typical adult, in which direction (anterior or posterior) does the femoral neck project away from the long axis of the femur?

A

Anterior

51
Q

What are the major articulations of the pelvis by name and or abbreviation and their quantity?

A

1 pubic symphysis
2 hip joints
2 SI joints

52
Q

2 palpable bony points of localization for the hip joint

A

ASIS

Superior margin of pubic symphysis

53
Q

How are the ASIS and superior margin of pubic symphysis used to locate the femoral neck?

A

Visualize line between ASIS and pubic symphysis
At midpoint extend a second line perpendicular and inferolaterally toward the femur
The long axis of the femoral neck lies parallel with the second line

54
Q

True or false: the greater sciatic notch is located on the anterior border of ilium

A

False

55
Q

True or false: in the seated position, the weight of the body rests on two ischial tuberosities

A

True

56
Q

True or false: the highest point of the greater trochanter is in the same transverse plane as the midpoint of the hip joint.

A

True

57
Q

How should the patient’s lower limbs be positioned for the AP projection of the pelvis and proximal femora and why?

A

Rotated medially 15-20 degrees to place the femoral necks parallel with the IR

58
Q

How is rotation of the pelvis detected in the AP projection of the pelvis and proximal femora?

A

The alae of the ilia are asymmetrical if the pelvis is rotated

59
Q

Which plane of the body should be positioned on the midline of the table and grid for the AP projection of the pelvis and proximal femora?

A

Midsagittal

60
Q

With reference to the patient, where should the IR be centered for the AP projection of the pelvis and proximal femora?

A

At the level of the soft tissue depression just above the palpable prominence of the greater trochanter (about 1.5 in) which is also midway between the ASIS and pubic symphysis
About 2 in inferior to the ASIS and 2 inches superior to the pubic symphysis

RAD 112: Radiographic Anatomy & Positioning (6 decks)

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