PASTEURELLA Flashcards
Asymptomatic carriage of Pasteurella multocida can occur in birds
T
Pasteurella multocida is highly resistant; it can survive in the environment for several
months.
F
Pasteurella multocida can cause pasteurellosis in small ruminants
T
Pasteurella multocida can infect humans:
T
Primary pasteurellosis disease have no predisposing factors.
F
Pasteurella multocida can complicate canine distemper
T
Leukotoxin (cytotoxin) production is an important virulence factor of Mannheimia
haemolytica:
T
The dermonecrotoxin of Pasteurella multocida damages the osteoclast cells
F
Primary pasteurellosis diseases are caused by obligate pathogenic Pasteurella bacteria:
F
Dermonecrotoxin can be virulence factor of Pasteurella multocida:
T
Dermonecrotoxin of pasteurella multocida causes lesions in the nasal cavity and on the skin
of pigs
F
Capsule can be virulence factor of Pasteurella multocida:
T
Asymptomatic carriage of Pasteurella multocida can occur in birds:
T
Enterotoxins are virulence factors of Pasteurella multocida:
F
The agent of acute systemic pasteurellosis is zoonotic:
F
Mannheimia haemolytica leukotoxin (cytotoxin) damages the macrophages
T
Pasteurella ovis can cause pasteurellosis in small ruminants
F
Arthritis can be a clinical sign of ovine pasteurellosis
T
Transportation is a predisposing factor of respiratory pasteurellosis of calves
T
Primary pasteurellosis diseases have non infectious predisposing factors:
T
Emboli are responsible for the necrosis seen in the case of acute systemic pasteurellosis.
T
Leukotoxin is a virulence factor of Mannheimia haemolytica.
T
Capsule is a virulence factor of Pasteurella multocida
T
Leukotoxin is produced by the majority of Pasteurella multocida.
F
Pasteurella multocida can cause disease only in ruminants
F
Mannheimia haemolytica can cause disease mainly in ruminants
T
Bibersteinia trehalosi can infect ruminants.
T
Pasteurellaceae are resistant bacteria, they remain viable for a long time in the soil
F
The virulence factors of P. multocida are the capsule and dermonecrotoxin.
T
Pasteurella are very resistant in the environment
F
Pasteurella are obligate pathogens
F
We can use inactivated bacteria as a vaccine for Pasteurella.
T
Pasteurella bovis can cause pasteurellosis in cattle.
F
Diarrhoea is the main clinical sign of bovine pasteurellosis.
F
Overcrowding is a predisposing factor of respiratory pasteurellosis of cattle
T
The lesions of respiratory pasteurellosis of calves are generally in the diaphragmatic lobes
F
Dermonecrotoxin of the agents is responsible for the clinical signs of respiratory
pasteurellosis of cattle
F
Primary pasteurellosis diseases are caused by obligate pathogenic Pasteurella bacteria
F
Respiratory pasteurellosis occurs only among cattle above 6 months of age
F
Toxoid vaccines can be used for the prevention of respiratory pasteurellosis of cattle.
T
Pasteurella multocida can cause pasteurellosis in cattle
T
mannheimia haemolytica can cause respiratory pasteurellosis of calves:
T
Mannheimia haemolytica can cause pasteurellosis in cattle:
T
Respiratory pasteurellosis can occur after transport
T
Mannheimia haemolytica is an important agent of shipping fever.
T
Leukotoxin of M. haemolytica damages the alveolar macrophages.
T
Interstitial pneumonia is a frequent post mortem lesion of pulmonary pasteurellosis of
cattle
T
Salmonellosis can predispose cattle to pasteurellosis.
F
Transportation can predispose cattle to pasteurellosis
T
Bovine pasteurellosis cannot be prevented with vaccination
F
Respiratory pasteurellosis has been already eradicated in Europe
F
Mannheimia haemolytica is a causative agent of respiratory pasteurellosis
T
Transportation is a predisposing factor of respiratory pasteurellosis of cattle.
T
There are no vaccines for the prevention of respiratory pasteurellosis of cattle.
F
Mycoplasmas can predispose cattle to respiratory pasteurellosis
T
The lesions of bovine respiratory pasteurellosis are generally seen in the diaphragmatic
lobes.
F
Respiratory pasteurellosis in cattle is caused by P. multocida A and M. haemolytica A.
T
Most importance virulence factor of M. haemolytica is leukotoxin.
T
Respiratory pasteurellosis in cattle is a common disease of young animals
T
Macrolides are recommended to use in case of respiratory pasteurellosis in cattle.
T
Respiratory pasteurellosis of cattle appears in calves aged 1-3 months old.
T
Respiratory pasteurellosis of cattle causes a fibrinous inflammation of serous membranes
T
Leukotoxin of M. haemolytica strains responsible for Pasteurella pneumonia attacks
respiratory epithelium.
T
Respiratory pasturellosis of cattle are mostly seen in the tropics.
F
Respiratory pasteurellosis of cattle causes purulent pneumonia
T
We can use ELISA to diagnose respiratory pasteurellosis in cattle
T
A predisposing factor of respiratory pasteurellosis in cattle is transport.
T
A predisposing factor of respiratory pasteurellosis in cattle is the presence of a viral
infection.
T
Lesions of respiratory pasteurellosis of calves are seen in the anterior lobes.
T
Vaccination is widely used for prevention of bovine respiratory pasteurellosis
T
Haemorrhagic septicaemia of cattle is generally a chronic disease.
F
Pasteurella multocida strains are causative agents of haemorrhagic septicaemia of cattle
T
Antibiotic treatment at the time of appearance of the clinical signs of haemorrhagic
septicaemia of cattle is generally late.
T
Bleeding from the nose is a frequent clinical sign of haemorrhagic septicaemia of cattle.
F
Haemorrhagic septicaemia occurs most frequently among 2-3 month old calves in endemic
areas.
F
The morbidity and mortality of Haemorrhagic septicaemia of cattle is low.
F
Oedema formation can be a clinical sign of haemorrhagic septicaemia of cattle
T
Hemorrhagic septicemia mainly occurs in tropical and sub-tropical areas.
T
Pasteurella multocida B:2 and E:2 strains are causative agents of Haemorrhagic septicaemia
T
Monsoon can predispose to haemorrhagic septicaemia.
T
Haemorrhagic septicaemia is mainly seen in pigs and horses.
F
Haemorrhagic septicaemia is mainly an acute disease
T
After recovering from haemorrhagic septicaemia the animals do not shed the agent.
F
Exotoxins are responsible for haemorrhagic septicaemia
F
The agent of haemorrhagic septicaemia can be carried in the tonsils.
T
Haemorrhagic septicaemia cannot be prevented with vaccines.
F
Haemorrhages on the heart are important post mortem signs of haemorrhagic septicaemia
T
Haemorrhagic septicaemia is caused by Pasteurella multocida.
T
Haemorrhagic septicaemia is mainly seen in pigs
F
Oedema can be seen in the case of haemorrhagic septicaemia.
T
Haemorrhagic septicaemia is endemic in several European countries
F
Exhausting work can predispose to haemorrhagic septicaemia.
T
Re-convalescent animals can carry the agent of haemorrhagic septicaemia.
T
The lesions of haemorrhagic septicaemia are caused by the exotoxin of the agent.
F
Aerogenic infection is frequent in the case of haemorrhagic septicaemia.
T
Haemorrhagic septicaemia is caused by Mannheimia haemolytica.
T
The leukotoxin of the agent is responsible for the lesions of haemorrhagic septicaemia.
F
Fever is a typical sign of haemorrhagic septicaemia.
T
Haemorrhagic septicaemia occurs only in tropical and subtropical countries
F
The morbidity of haemorrhagic septicaemia is high.
T
There are no vaccines for the prevention of haemorrhagic septicaemia.
F
Haemorrhagic septicaemia is caused by B and E types
T
Re-convalescent animals do not carry the agent of haemorrhagic septicaemia after recovery
F
The exotoxin of the causative agent is responsible for the lesions in haemorrhagic
septicaemia
F
Haemorrhagic septicaemia of cattle generally occurs in tropical countries.
T
Haemorrhagic septicaemia infects cattle mainly from the environment
F?
Haemorrhagic septicaemia of cattle’s endotoxin causes clinical symptoms
T
There is no functioning vaccine to prevent haemorrhagic septicaemia of cattle.
F
Pasteurella multocida is the agent of haemorrhagic septicaemia of cattle.
T
The morbidity of haemorrhagic septicaemia is high.
T
The clinical signs of haemorrhagic septicaemia are caused by the dermonecrotoxin of the
agent.
F
Buffalos and cattle are the most susceptible species to haemorrhagic septicaemia.
T
Haemorrhagic septicaemia is mainly seen in 1-2 months old animals.
F
Bleeding is the most typical clinical sign of haemorrhagic septicaemia.
F
Haemorrhagic septicaemia can be prevented with vaccination.
T
Haemorrhagic septicaemia is caused by P. multocida B and E.
T
Haemorrhagic septicaemia infected animals carry the bacteria for 1 year.
F? For longer?
Hyaluronic acid capsule is important for the bacteria’s ability to replicate unhindered
T
Haemorrhagic septicaemia is a slow and chronic disease.
F
Endotoxins are important for the pathogenesis of the haemorrhagic septicaemia disease.
T
Antibiotics are highly effective against haemorrhagic septicaemia.
T?
Attenuated vaccines can be used to prevent haemorrhagic septicaemia.
T
After recovery from haemorrhagic septicaemia, cattle remain carriers.
T
Haemorrhagic septicaemia of cattle occurs only in tropical countries.
F
Secondary infection can occur with haemorrhagic septicaemia of cattle. F
F
Haemorrhagic septicaemia of cattle can be explained by endotoxin production.
T
Haemorrhagic septicaemia is mainly seen in sheep and horses.
F
Septicaemic ovine pasteurellosis is mainly seen in pregnant animals
F
Acute systemic pasteurellosis occurs mainly among 3-12 months old lambs
T
Pasteurella ovis can cause pasteurellosis in small ruminants
F
Bibersteinia trehalosi can cause acute systemic pasteurellosis in small ruminants
T
Cough and nasal discharge are clinical signs of ovine pasteurellosis.
T
Acute systemic pasteurellosis is caused by Pasteurella multocida
F
Arthritis can be a clinical sign of ovine pasteurellosis.
T
Pasteurella multocida can cause pasteurellosis in small ruminants
T
Acute systemic pasteurellosis does not occur in goats, only in sheep
F
Septicemia ovine pasteurellosis is mainly seen in lambs younger than 3 months
T
Mastitis can be a clinical form of ovine pasteurellosis:
T
septicemia can be a clinical form of ovine pateurellosis:
T
septicemic pasteurellosis doesn’t occur in goats only in sheep:
F
respiratory pasteurellosis occurs in goats:
T
ewes have to be culled after mastitis caused by mannheimia haemolytica because the udder
cannot regenerate
F
inactivated vaccines can be used for the prevention of ovine pasteurellosis:
T
respiratory viruses can predispose sheep to pasteurellosis:
T
mannheimia haemolytica cause mastitis in goats:
T
fibrinous pleuropneumonia is a postmortem lesion of ovine pasteurellosis:
T
Respiratory pasteurellosis can occur in goats:
T
Septicaemia can be a clinical form of ovine pasteurellosis:
T
Dermonecrotoxin producing Pasteurella multocida can cause irreversible lesions in the nose
of the pigs
T
Mannheimia haemolyitica can cause Pasteurellosis in small ruminants
T
Bibersteinia trehalosi can cause Pasteurellosis in small ruminants
T
Enteritis is a frequent clinical sign of ovine pasteurellosis
F
The agent of Acute Systemic Pasteurellosis is zoonotic.
F
Mannheimia haemolytica can cause respiratory pasteurellosis of sheep.
T
Fibrinous pneumonia is a common post mortem lesion of respiratory pasteurellosis
T
Mannheimia haemolytica can cause mastitis of sheep
T
Respiratory pasteurellosis of sheep cannot be prevented with vaccines.
F
Mannheimia haemolytica is an important agent of ovine respiratory pasteurellosis
T
Leukotoxin of M. haemolytica is responsible for the clinical signs of ovine respiratory
pasteurellosis
T
Lesions of ovine respiratory pasteurellosis can be seen in the anterior lobes of the lungs
T
Macrolide antibiotics can be used to the treatment of ovine respiratory pasteurellosis.
T
Acute systemic pasteurellosis occurs in lambs that are younger than 3 months
F
Acute systemic pasteurellosis is caused by Mannheimia haemolytica
F
Acute systemic pasteurellosis occurs in sheep but not goats.
F
Mannheimia haemolytica can cause mastitis in ewes.
T
Respiratory form of ovine pasteurellosis can be seen only in suckling lambs
F
Leukotoxin produced Mannheimia haemolytica is responsible for ovine mastitis
T
Acute systemic pasteurellosis is caused by Pasteurella multocida.
F
Lesions of ovine respiratory pasteurellosis are typically seen in the diaphragmatic lobe of the
lungs.
F
Mannheimia haemolytica can cause pneumonia in sheep.
T
Mannheimia haemolytica can cause acute systemic pasteurellosis in sheep.
F
Mannheimia haemolytica can produce dermonecrotoxin.
F
Mannheimia haemolytica can cause septicaemia in suckling lambs
T
Acute systemic pasteurellosis is caused by Bibersteinia trehalosi
T
Acute systemic pasteurellosis occurs in sucking lambs and kids.
F
In the case of acute systemic pasteurellosis bacterium, emboli are formed in the blood
vessels.
T
Nasal discharge and coughing for a week are the main clinical signs of acute systemic
pasteurellosis
F
Acute systemic pasteurellosis is caused by type A and D of Pasteurella multocida
F
Necrosis of the mucous membranes and focal necrosis in the parenchymal organs are typical
lesions of acute systemic pasteurellosis.
T
Antibiotics can be used for the treatment of respiratory pasteurellosis of sheep.
T
Respiratory pasteurellosis in sheep cannot be prevented with vaccination.
F
Se-deficiency is a predisposing factor in sheep for pasteurellosis.
T
Mannheimia haemolytica ́s endotoxin causes respiratory pasteurellosis in sheep
F
In respiratory pasteurellosis in sheep the cranial lung lobes are affected.
F
Pasteurellosis does not cause septicaemia.
F
Acute systemic pasteurellosis is caused by Bibersteinia trehalosi
T
Acute systemic pasteurellosis typically occurs in 3-12 months old small ruminants.
T
Bacterium emboli are responsible for the clinical signs and lesions of acute systemic
pasteurellosis.
T
Fibrinous pneumonia is the main post mortem lesion of acute systemic pasteurellosis.
F
Bibersteinia trehalosi is involved in development of acute systemic pasteurellosis.
T
Serology is widely used to diagnose Pasteurella in sheep
F
Penicillin can be used to treat ovine pasteurellosis
T
The septicaemic form of pasteurellosis is most common in sheep above 1 year
F
You can see croupus pneumonia in case of ovine systemic pasteurellosis.
F
Systemic pasturellosis is seen in 2-4-week-old lambs.
F
Pasteurella causes septicaemia in lambs
T
In suckling lambs, acute systemic pasteurellosis may occur
F
Pasteurellosis in the sheep may cause interstitial pneumonia
F
Pasteurellosis in the sheep can occur in the form of mastitis
T
Pasteurellosis in sheep may occur as a septicaemia.
T
Emboli is the cause of sudden death in acute systemic pasturellosis
T
Vaccines can be used to prevent pasteurellosis in sheep
T
In the respiratory form of ovine pasteurellosis, haemorrhagic pneumonia is seen.
F
Mycoplasmas predispose pigs to pulmonary pasteurellosis.
T
Pulmonary pasteurellosis is more frequent in suckling piglets than in adults.
F
Bordetella bronchiseptica predisposes pigs to pulmonary pasteurellosis
F
Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae predisposes pigs to pulmonary pasteurellosis.
T
Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae of pigs can be chronic
T?
Pulmonary pasteurellosis of pigs is mainly caused by Mannheimia hemolytica
F
respiratory pasteurellosis of pigs is generally an acute, generalized disease:
F
Vaccines can prevent pneumonia of swine caused by pasteurella.
F
P. multocida A is causative agent of pneumonia caused by pasteurellosis in swine.
T
Rabbit pasteurellosis is a generalised disease.
T
Pasteurella multocida A and D strains can cause pasteurellosis in rabbits
T
Clinical signs of pasteurellosis in rabbits are most severe in new-born animals.
F
The agent of rabbit pasteurellosis can cause septicaemia
T
Nasal discharge is a typical clinical sign of rabbit pasteurellosis
T
Subcutaneous abscesses can be seen in the case of rabbit pasteurellosis
T
Otitis media can be a clinical sign of rabbit pasteurellosis.
T
Rabbit pasteurellosis causes only respiratory clinical signs.
F
rabbit pasteurellosis is more frequent in large scale farms than in small ones:
T
Mannheimia haemolytica causes rabbit pasteurellosis:
F
Pasteurellosis is limited to the respiratory tract in rabbits
F
Bibersteinia trehalosi is the causative agent pasteurellosis of rabbits.
F
Serous pneumonia is typical in the case of pasteurellosis of rabbits
F
Pasteurellosis is limited to the respiratory track in rabbits
F
Neurologic signs can be seen in the case of pasteurellosis of rabbits.
T
Pasteurellosis is common in suckling rabbits.
F
The poor quality of the air can predispose to rabbit pasteurellosis. T
T
Purulent bronchopneumonia is a frequent post mortem lesion of rabbit pasteurellosis
T
Fibrinous pneumonia can be seen during necropsy in case of pasteurellosis in rabbit.
F
Pasteurellosis in rabbit causes high amount of nasal discharge.
T
Pasteurellosis in rabbit is caused by P. multocida A.
T
Europe is free from atrophic rhinitis
F
Dermonecrotoxin producing Pasteurella multocida can cause irreversible lesions in the nose
of pigs.
T
The dermonecrotoxin of Pasteurella multocida damages the osteoclast cells.
F
Dermonecrotoxin producing Pasteurella multocida can cause irreversible lesions in the nose
of pigs.
T
Toxoid vaccines are used for the prevention of atrophic rhinitis
T
The block of the lachrymal channel is a clinical sign of atrophic rhinitis
T
The turbinate bones can absorbed in the case of atrophic rhinitis.
T
Overcrowding can predispose pigs to atrophic rhinitis
T
The maxilla can be shortened in the case of atrophic rhinitis.
T
The most severe clinical signs of atrophic rhinitis can be seen in suckling piglets
F
Atrophic rhinitis can be prevented by vaccinating the pregnant sows
T
The lesions of atrophic rhinitis are examined after sawing the nose behind the first premolar
teeth:
T
Clinical signs of a atrophic rhinitis appear if piglets are infected in the first few weeks of their
life:
T
The mortality and the economic impact of atrophic rhinitis are high:
F
The endotoxin of the agent is responsible for the clinical signs and lesions of atrophic rhinitis
F
Atrophic rhinitis in fattening pigs is caused by Bordetella bronchiseptica.
F
NB!!
In 4-6 months old pigs B. bronchiseptica strains cause severe pneumonia
F
Dermonectotoxin is an important virulence factor of B. bronchiseptica.
T
Atrophic rhinitis cannot be prevented with vaccination.
F
Block of the lacrimal channel is a typical sign of atrophic rhinitis
T
The dermonecrotoxin producing Pasteurella multocida strains are responsible for the severe
lesions of atrophic rhinitis
T
The dermonecrotoxin of P. multocida inhibits the activity of the osteoclast cells.
F
Atrophic rhinitis can be prevented by vaccinating the day-old piglets
T
Atrophy of the turbinate bones is a typical lesion of atrophic rhinitis
T
Isolation of the causative agent from the nose confirm the diagnosis of atrophic rhinitis
F
The effects of the dermonecrotoxin produced by Pasteurella multocida are reversible
F
Bordetella bronchiseptica and Pasteurella multocida cause atrophic rhinitis.
T
Bordetella bronchiseptica causes reversible lesions in the nasal cavity of pigs
T
Infection of pigs with Bordetella bronchiseptica and Pasteurella multocida at any age can
result in atrophic rhinitis
F
The mortality of atrophic rhinitis can be 50-60%.
F
Clinical signs of atrophic rhinitis can be seen if piglets infected first week of life
T
The lesions of atrophic rhinitis are reversible
T
The lesions of atrophic rhinitis are caused by an endotoxin.
F
Atrophic rhinitis cannot be prevented with vaccination.
F
Hungary is free from atrophic rhinitis of swine.
F
The clinical form of atrophic rhinitis can be seen if the piglets were few weeks old when
infected
T
Bordetella bronchiseptica causes reversible changes in swine.
T
The dermonecrotoxin of Pasteurella multocida damage the osteoclasts
F
At atrophic rhinitis the conchae absorb
T
Isolating Pasteurella multocida from pigs’ noses proves atrophic rhinitis.
F
The endotoxin of the agent is responsible for the clinical signs and lesions of atrophic
rhinitis
F
Atrophic rhinitis can be prevented with toxoid vaccine given at weaning.
F
PM lesions of atrophic rhinitis can be examined after transverse cut of the nose
T
Atrophic rhinitis is examined PM by a longitudinal section of the nose.
F
Animals showing signs of atrophic rhinitis remain carriers.
T
Atrophic rhinitis can be prevented by vaccinating the sow.
T
Atrophic rhinitis cause disease in swine and calves.
F
Dermonectotocin in case of atrophic rhinitis acts on the osteoblast cells.
T
Atrophic rhinitis is caused by a synergistic interaction between B. bronchiseptica and P.
multocida D
T
B. bronchiseptica can cause immunosuppression.
F
Toxoid vaccines can be used for prevention of atrophic rhinitis.
T
B. bronchiseptica strains producing toxins causing serious lesions
T?
The typical PM lesions of atrophic rhinitis are caused by B. bronchiseptica strain.
F
Atrophic rhinitis is a common disease that causes severe losses
F
If loss=death
Atrophic rhinitis only occurs pigs that were infected as suckling piglets.
T
Atrophic rhinitis is proven by isolating P. multocida.
F
Tetracyclines can successfully be used to treat atrophic rhinitis.
T
Wrinkles and torsion of nose is the most prominent clinical sign of atrophic rhinitis.
T
Fowl cholera is caused by Pasteurella multocida A, D and F strains.
T
Fowl cholera can occur is ducks and geese.
T
The agent of fowl cholera can survive in water for a few days
T
Fowl cholera is caused by Pasteurella gallinarum.
F
The mortality of fowl cholera is low.
F
Arthritis is a clinical sign of fowl cholera.
T
The resistance of the agent of fowl cholera is low.
T
Fowl cholera occurs mainly in the winter in Europe
F
Pasteurella multocida strains with lower virulence can cause chronic fowl cholera.
T
The most severe form of fowl cholera occurs in day-old birds.
F
Waterfowl is more susceptible to fowl cholera than hens
T
Focal inflammation and necrosis in the liver is a common postmortem lesion on of fowl
cholera.
T
Wild birds can introduce the agent of fowl cholera into a herd.
T
Fowl cholera has an exponential mortality rate
T
Fowl cholera is a generalized disease it causes septicaemia.
T
Animals recovered after fowl cholera remain bacterium carriers.
T
The dermonecrotoxin of the agent is responsible for the clinical sign of fowl cholera.
T
Vaccine for the prevention of fowl cholera provide type specific protection.
T
The agent of fowl cholera is an obligate pathogenic bacterium:
F
Antibiotics cannot be used for the treatment of fowl cholera:
F
human can introduce the agent of fowl cholera into a herd:
T
per os antibiotic treatment must be used in the case of fowl cholera:
T
nasal discharge and conjunctivitis are clinical signs of fowl cholera:
T
the morbidity of fowl cholera is high:
T
the exotoxin of the agent is responsible for the clinical signs of fowl cholera:
F
inflammation of the wattle is a clinical sign of acute fowl cholera:
F
the endotoxin of the agent is responsible for the clinical signs of fowl cholera:
T
inflammation of the wattle is a clinical sign of acute fowl cholera
F
the endotoxin of the agent is responsible for the clinical signs of fowl cholera:
T
Europe is free from fowl cholera:
F
Haemorrhagic diarrhoea is a clinical sign of fowl cholera:
T
Fowl Cholera can occur in ducks and geese:
T
Fowl cholera is always an acute disease:
F
Feather pecking or force feeding can predispose animals to fowl cholera
T
Parent birds have to be vaccinated just before laying in order to prevent fowl cholera.
F
Germinative infection is a frequent way of transmission of the agent of fowl cholera.
F
Geese is resistant to fowl cholera
F
Fowl cholera cannot be prevented by vaccination
F
Focal inflammation in the liver is a typical post mortem lesion of fowl cholera.
T
Hemorrhages generally cannot be seen as post mortem signs of fowl cholera.
F
After recovering from fowl cholera the animals do not carry the agent any more.
F
There are vaccines on the market to prevent fowl cholera.
T
Fowl cholera occurs only in hens.
F
Fowl cholera is caused by certain serotypes of Pasteurella multocida.
T
The agent of fowl cholera is an obligate pathogen.
F
Germinative infection is common in the case of fowl cholera.
F
Turkey are highly susceptible to fowl cholera.
T
Fowl cholera is caused by Pasteurella multocida strains
T
Fowl cholera occurs only in chicken.
F
Germinative infection is common in the case of fowl cholera.
F
Fowl cholera is typically seen in day-old birds
F
Germinative infection is important in the epidemiology of fowl cholera.
F
Fowl cholera is a septicemic disease.
T
The agent of fowl cholera is a facultative pathogenic bacterium.
T
The endotoxin of the agent is responsible for the lesions of fowl cholera.
T
Fowl cholera is caused by Riemerella anatipestifer.
F
Endotoxins of Pasteurella multocida cause fowl cholera.
T
Fowl cholera has always an acute course.
F
Fowl cholera could cause focal inflammation-necrosis in the liver
T
Fowl cholera is the most severe among day-old chicken.
F
Fowl cholera is caused by introducing highly virulent Pasteurella multocida strains.
T
Plucking and fattening of geese is a predisposing factor for fowl cholera.
T
Fowl cholera causes acute septicaemia.
T
The chronic form of fowl cholera is caused by less virulent strains.
T
Day-old chickens are resistant to fowl cholera.
T
Vaccines against fowl cholera are not available.
F
Fowl cholera may cause high mortality in water birds.
F
Turkeys are not sensitive to fowl cholera.
F
Fowl cholera occurs mainly at the end of the winter
F
Fowl cholera occurs mostly during the summer and autumn.
T
Germinative infection is the primary way of spreading fowl cholera.
F
Mortality of fowl cholera can reach 100% in a susceptible flock.
T
In development of fowl cholera, plucking the animal has an important role.
T
Fowl cholera can cause high losses among day-old chicken.
F
Fowl cholera is caused by leukotoxin-producing Pasteurella (Mannheimia) haemolytica.
F
Fowl cholera has higher mortality in young broiler stocks.
F
Fowl cholera has high mortality in water poultry.
F
Turkeys are not susceptible for fowl cholera
F
Fowl cholera is caused by Pasteurella haemolytica.
F
Fowl choler occurs in the tropics and subtropics mostly.
T
Wild birds are very susceptible to fowl cholera.
F
Susceptibility in hens decrease with age in case of fowl cholera.
F
