MYCOBACTERIA Flashcards
Giant cells typically occur in tubercles
T
Mycobacterium tuberculosis can cause generalised tuberculosis in pigs
T
Mycobacterium tuberculosis can cause tuberculosis in humans.
T
Facultative pathogenic mycobacteria can colonise only cold-blooded animals
F
Mycobacteria are facultative intracellular bacteria.
T
Saprophytic and facultative pathogenic mycobacteria cannot colonise warm blooded
animals.
F
Facultative pathogenic Mycobacteria can only reproduce in the environment.
F
Facultative pathogenic Mycobacteria can only colonize in warm-blooded animals.
F
There is no antigen connection between facultative and obligate pathogenic
mycobacteria
F
Pigs are resistant against Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
F
Lympho-haematogenous spread of mycobacteria can be seen in the post primary phase
of tuberculosis.
F
There is a close antigen relationship between mycobacteria.
T
Mycobacterium bovis can cause tuberculosis only in ruminants
F
Mycobacterium bovis can cause generalized tuberculosis in goats.
T
Tuberculin is an extract made from broth culture of mycobacteria
T
The tuberculin contains antigens from mycobacteria.
T
Tuberculin is the toxin produced by mycobacteria.
F
Intra canalicular spread of mycobacteria can be seen in the post primary phase of
tuberculosis
T
Antibodies against mycobacteria are detected in the tuberculin test
F
Facultative pathogenic mycobacteria can cause local lesions in pigs
T
Facultative pathogenic mycobacteria cannot cause tuberculosis
F
Mycobacteria are acid and alcohol fast bacteria
T
Mycobacterium tuberculosis can cause generalized tuberculosis in parrots
T
Fresh tuberculosis lesions in the lymph nodes are common the early generation:
T
Mycobacteria can be stained with Ziehl-Neelsen staining
T
Mycobacteria cannot be stained
F
Obligate pathogenic mycobacteria can occur and replicate in the environment:
F
All mycobacteria species are obligate pathogenic.
F
The resistance of mycobacteria is low, they die in the environment soon.
F
Mycobacterium bovis can cause generalised tuberculosis in goats
T
Fresh tuberculosis lesions in the lymph nodes are common in the post primary phase
F
Mycobacteria are highly resistant thanks to lipids and waxes in the cell wall
T
Mycobacterium tuberculosis can cause tuberculosis in humans
T
Mycobacterium tuberculosis can cause generalized tuberculosis in pigs
T
Pigs are resistant against Mycobacterium tuberculosis
F
Mycobacterium bovis can cause generalized tuberculosis in badgers
T
Mycobacterium caprae can infect only goats.
F
Tuberculosis lesions in the lymph node are common in the early generalization
T
The habitat of the obligate pathogenic Mycobacteria is the environment
F
Mycobacteria are obligate intracellular bacteria.
F
Waxes can be found in the cell wall of Mycobacteria
T
Only Mycobacterium tuberculosis can cause tuberculosis in humans
F
Neutrophil granulocytes can be typically found in tubercles
F
Necrosis can be seen in the tubercles.
T
The habitat of saprophytic, facultative pathogenic Mycobacteria is the environment.
T
Saprophytic, facultative pathogenic Mycobacteria cannot colonize mammals.
F
Mycobacteria have several shared antigens.
T
The cell wall of mycobacteria contains mycolic acid.
T
The tuberculin contains lipopolysaccharide (LPS) antigens
F
The cell wall of mycobacteria contains large amount of lipopolysaccharide.
T
Mycobacteria can replicate only in animals.
T
Mycobacterium tuberculosis causes tuberculosis in parrots
T
Mycobacterium tuberculosis causes generalized tuberculosis in badgers.
F
Mycobacterium tuberculosis causes tuberculosis in poultry
F
The cell wall of mycobacteria contains mycolic acid.
T
The tuberculin contains lipopolysaccharide (LPS) antigens.
F
Mycobacteria can replicate only in animals.
T
All mycobacteria can replicate in the environment.
F
Mycobacterium bovis can cause tuberculosis in wild living ruminants.
T
Mycobacterium bovis can cause tuberculosis in wild boars.
T
If the increase of the thickness of the skin fold in the tuberculin test is 1.9 mm the
reaction is positive.
F
The skin intradermal tuberculin test is a Type IV. hypersensitivity reaction.
T
Antigens of mycobacteria show a close relationship.
T
Mycobacteria can survive in the environment only for a few days
F
Atypical mycobacteria can cause lesions in pigs
T
Mycobacteria caprae can infect cattle, other ruminants and swine
T
Saprophytic, facultative pathogenic mycobacteria cannot cause tuberculosis.
F
Only cattle maintain bovine tuberculosis
F
Obligate pathogenic Mycobacteria can only reproduce in the infected body
T
Facultative pathogenic mycobacteria can cause tuberculosis in fishes
T
Mycobacteria are not resistant, they can survive in the environment for maximum of
two days.
F
Mycobacterium suis is the most frequent agent of tuberculosis of pigs.
F
Facultative pathogenic mycobacteria can colonize the gut of pigs.
T
Sometimes facultative pathogenic mycobacteria cause lesions in pig
T
Mycobacteria can survive in the environment.
T
Mycobacteria cannot be cultured.
F
Waxes and lipids in the mycobacteria are virulence factors.
T
The agent of avian tuberculosis is an obligate pathogenic bacterium
T
Tuberculin test is an allergic test.
T
Mycobacteria can be cultured, but their incubation time is long.
T
Tuberculosis is diagnosed by detecting antibodies to M. bovis in the blood with ELISA
F
The center of the tubercle is necrotized.
??
The tubercle consists of histiocytes and foreign body giant cell.
T
The causative agents of tuberculosis are obligate pathogenic bacteria.
T
Koster staining is a special staining for Mycobacteria.
F
Mycobacteria are highly resistant.
T
Early generalization of mycobacteria occurs via lympho-hematogenous route.
T
In dogs’ tuberculosis can be generalized.
T
Late generalization can be characterized by lost resistance.
T
In the tubercle, coagulation necrosis is seen
T
In the phase of early generalization Mycobacteria do not replicate in the lymph node
F
Mycobacteria are a worldwide disease.
T
Chronic tuberculosis causes changes in the lymph node.
F
Mycobacteria can be demonstrated from the discharge of sick animals by staining.
T
Tuberculosis can be demonstrated earliest by ELISA.
F
Tuberculosis can first be diagnosed by PCR
F
Tuberculosis can be diagnosed with certainty serology.
F
Mycobacterium infection in pigs can be zoonotic
T
Mycobacterium spp. in swine can be caused by atypical mycobacteria
T
Mycobacteria in swine can be caused by M. bovis and produces localized lesions
F
M. tuberculosis is a common mycobacterium infection of pig
F
Mycobacteria are acid and alcohol fast bacteria.
T
Sawdust bedding can predispose pigs to infection by facultative pathogenic
mycobacteria.
T
Facultative pathogenic mycobacteria can cause generalized tuberculosis in pigs.
F
The habitat of pathogenic mycobacteria is the soil.
F
The habitat of facultative pathogenic mycobacteria is the soil.
F
Only cattle are susceptible to Mycobacterium bovis.
F
Some facultative pathogenic Mycobacteria can cause tuberculosis in cold blooded
animals
T
In the case of avian tuberculosis, no tubercles are formed.
F
Avian tuberculosis is caused by Mycobacterium gallinarum
F
Avian tuberculosis is a generalised disease.
T
The most severe form of avian tuberculosis can be seen in 1-4 week old chicken:
F
The agent of avian tuberculosis infects animals generally per os:
T
Mycobacterium avium subsp avium causes tuberculosis in humans
F
Mycobacterium avium subsp. avium causes avian tuberculosis
T
Mycobacterium tuberculosis can cause generalized tuberculosis in parrots
T
The agent of avian tuberculosis can survive in the soil for several months:
T
Drop of egg production is a clinical sign of avian tuberculosis
T
Clinical signs of avian tuberculosis can be seen in old birds
T
Poultry are widely vaccinated for the prevention of avian tuberculsosis
F
Avian tuberculosis is very frequent in large scale poultry farms
F
The causative agent of avian tuberculosis is a resistant bacterium
T
Avian tuberculosis is mainly seen in chicken below 2 months of age
F
In case of avian tuberculosis tubercles can be seen in liver and spleen.
T
Avian tuberculosis is treated with penicillin and tetracyclines.
F
Only Mycobacterium avium subsp. Avium can infect birds.
F
Avian tuberculosis has been eradicated in Europe.
F
Avian tuberculosis can be typically seen in old, adult birds
F
Mycobacterium tuberculosis can cause clinical signs in some bird species.
T
The agent of avian tuberculosis cannot survive in the environment, its resistance is low
F
Avian tuberculosis usually occurs at 6-8 weeks of age.
F
Avian tuberculosis result in local processes.
F
Avian tuberculosis can be diagnosed by slide agglutination or ELISA.
T
Avian tuberculosis is a common disease in large scale farms causing high economic losses
F
Waterfowl are more susceptible to avian tuberculosis
F
Crepitation during liver transection is characteristic for avian tuberculosis.
F
Tuberculosis of poultry occur mainly in breeder flocks.
T
Avian tuberculosis occur over 1 year of age.
T
The tuberculin test is unreliable in poultry.
T
The agent of paratuberculosis is a facultative intracellular bacterium
F
Paratuberculosis is caused by Mycobacterium avium subsp. Paratuberculosis.
T
The agent of paratuberculosis is shed in the faeces.
T
Aerosol infection is the main form of transmission of paratuberculosis.
T
The resistance of the agent of paratuberculosis is low, it cannot survive in the environment.
F
Paratuberculosis occurs most frequently in pigs:
F
Clinical signs of paratuberculosis can mainly be seen only in those cases that were infected in
the first six months of life:
T
Fibrinous pneumonia is a typical lesion of paratuberculosis:
F
The agent of paratuberculosis is shed only after the appearance of the clinical signs
F
The most severe clinical signs of Paratuberculosis can be seen in suckling calves
F
Lesions are seen in the lungs of animals infected with paratuberculosis
F
Paratuberculosis has been eradicated from Europe
F
The clinical signs of paratuberculosis is more severe in calves than in adults.
F
Dyspnoea and nasal discharge are the main clinical signs of paratuberculosis
F
Paratuberculosis occurs mainly in the tropical and subtropical countries.
F
The agent of paratuberculosis is shed in the faces and milk. T
T
The clinical signs of paratuberculosis are more severe in sheep than cattle.
F
Paratuberculosis is seen in young calves
F
Lesions of paratuberculosis are localized in the small intestine
T
In the case of paratuberculosis tuberculi can be seen in the anterior lobes of the lungs
F
Paratuberculosis can be treated with polymyxins.
F
Paratuberculosis is seen cows above 2 years of age.
T
Lesions of the paratuberculosis are localized in the small and large intestine
F
In the case of paratuberculosis no tuberculi are seen.
T
Weight loss is a typical sign of paratuberculosis.
T
In paratuberculosis, the nodules are seen primarily in the large intestine.
F
Paratuberculosis can be demonstrated by LST during early stages of infection.
T
Paratuberculosis can be prevented by early vaccination of the calves.
T
Paratuberculosis can be treated with penicillin and enrofloxacin.
?
Paratuberculosis can be prevented by vaccination.
T
Paratuberculosis is believed to cause Chron’s disease.
T
Young animals are resistant to paratuberculosis.
F
Wasting is the main clinical sign.
??
Paratuberculosis is also called Johne’s disease.
T
It is a chronic disease with diarrhoea affecting mainly ruminants (CS: 2-5 years)
T
he disease paratuberculosis can develop in animals above 2 months
F
Paratuberculosis can be prevented by vaccination only in countries where it is eradicated.
T
In Paratuberculosis, nodules can be found in intestinum crassum.
F
Young animals are more susceptible to paratuberculosis
T
Paratuberculosis virulence factor is phospholipase C.
T
Paratuberculosis cause proliferative enteritis in small intestines.
T
Cattle paratuberculosis shows more severe lesions than sheep/goat.
T
Mainly proliferative lesions can be seen in the late generalization phase of bovine
tuberculosis.
F
Bovine tuberculosis is sustained by infected animals
T
Fresh tuberculosis lesions in the lymph nodes are common in the early generalization
T
Infected cattle shed the agents of bovine tuberculosis in milk.
T
Infected cattle shed the agents of bovine tuberculosis in tracheal discharge.
T
Infection of cattle with Mycobacterium tuberculosis is frequently asymptomatic.
T
The sensitivity of the intradermal tuberculin test is above 90% in cattle.
T
If the tuberculin test is negative, it has to be repeated immediately.
F
The tuberculin test in cattle can be false negative if the animal is infected with
facultative pathogenic mycobacteria.
F
The tuberculin test in cattle can be false negative if the animal is infected with
Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
F
The tuberculin test in cattle can be false negative if the animal is in the exhaust phase
T
The tuberculin has to be injected in the skin fold in the skin intra dermal test.
T
The tuberculin test is used for the detection of infection of animals with mycobacteria.
T
The intradermal tuberculin test is negative if the increase of the thickness of the skin is
1.8 mm and there are no local lesions or signs
T
The intradermal tuberculin test is positive if the increase of the thickness of the skin is
3.6 mm and there are local lesions or signs.
T
The intradermal tuberculin test is negative if the increase of the thickness of the skin is
3.6 mm and there is no local lesions or signs
F
If the resistance of the animal is high, mainly exudative lesions of tuberculosis can be
seen
F
In the case of bovine tuberculosis aerogenic infection is the most frequent way of
infection
T
In the case of bovine tuberculosis always exudative lesions can be seen.
F
Selection (test & slaughter) and generation shift methods can be used for eradication of
bovine tuberculosis.
T
Europe is free from bovine tuberculosis; bovine tuberculosis does not occur in Europe at
all.
F
Rifampicin is frequently used for the treatment of bovine tuberculosis
F
The thermal tuberculin test can be used in order to examine the organic reaction of
bovine tuberculosis
T
The tuberculin test in cattle can be false negative if only short time (1-3 weeks) has
passed since the infection
T
Positive reaction of the tuberculin test in cattle can be caused by infection with
Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
T
False positive reactions of the tuberculin test in cattle can be caused by infection with
certain Corynebacterium species
T
Mycobacterium bovis is an agent of bovine tuberculosis:
T
If the cellular immune reaction of cattle is weak, mainly exudative lesions of tuberculosis
can be seen:
T
Bovine tuberculosis cause mainly exudative lesions in calves below 1 month
F
Mycobacterium tuberculosis can cause tuberculosis in humans
T
In case of infection with mycobacterium bovis the reaction against bovine and avian
tuberculin is about the same in cattle:
F
Cough is a typical clinical sign of bovine pulmonary tuberculosis:
T
Mycobacterium bovis and mycobacterium caprae belong to the mycobacterium
tuberculosis complex:
T
The incubation time of bovine tuberculosis is 1-2 weeks:
F
Mycobacterium bovis can cause generalized tuberculosis in pigs:
T
The skin intradermal tuberculin test has to be read 24 hours after injection:
F
Dermatitis nodosa is caused by mycobacterium bovis:
F
Only aerosol infection occurs in the case of bovine tuberculosis:
F
The skin intradermal tuberculin test can be repeated within a week if necessary.
F
Mycobacterium bovis can cause tuberculosis in humans.
T
The primary complex of bovine tuberculosis is generally seen in the gastrointestinal tract
T
False positive reactions of the tuberculin test in cattle can be caused by pre-allergy
F
In the intradermal skin test for tuberculosis, other mycobacteria can cause false positive.
T
The skin intra-dermal tuberculin test is a type IV hyper-sensitivity test
T
Mycobacterium bovis and Mycobacterium caprae can cause bovine tuberculosis
T
The tuberculin skin test is positive if the skin thickness is 2mm and local signs such as
severe oedema of the neck is present.
T ? 4MM
In the exhaust phase of Tuberculosis, the tuberculin test can be false positive.
F
The primary complex in bovine tuberculosis is mainly in the respiratory tract.
T
The tuberculin test is inconclusive if the increase of the thickness of the skin fold is 3.2
mm and it is painful.
F
The tuberculin test is negative for 3 weeks after infection.
T
Cattle are vaccinated every year in order to prevent tuberculosis
F
The tuberculin reaction is positive if the increase of the thickness of the skin fold is 4.1
mm.
T
If the increase of thickness of the skin fold in the tuberculin test is 4.1 mm, the reaction
is inconclusive
F
If the positive tuberculin reaction is caused by facultative pathogenic mycobacteria the
positivity will disappear after a few months.
T
Cough is a frequent sign of bovine tuberculosis.
T
Intestinal tuberculosis has no clinical signs in cattle.
F
Badgers can infect cattle with Mycobacterium bovis.
T
Vaccines are widely used to prevent bovine tuberculosis.
F
Mycobacterium bovis cannot cause tuberculosis in pigs.
F
Mycobacterium bovis can infect cage birds.
T
Parallergy lasts lifelong in the case of cattle
F
Inhalation is the most frequent form of infection in the case of bovine tuberculosis.
T
Parallergy results in false negative reaction in the tuberculin test.
F
If the thickness of the skin is increased with 3.4 mm in the tuberculin test and local
lesions are present, test is inconclusive.
F
Tuberculotic cattle are treated with antibiotics for at least three weeks
F
The skin intradermal tuberculin test has to be read after 72 h.
T
If the intradermal tuberculin test is inconclusive, it has to be repeated within a week
F
If the skin fold become 3 mm thicker in the skin intradermal tuberculin test and is
painful, the test is positive.
T
Mycobacterium avium subsp. avium can cause positive tuberculin reaction in cattle
T
At bovine tuberculosis the resistance of the infected animals effects the clinical
manifestation
T
At most cases bovine tuberculosis has a rapid, acute progression.
F
Bovine tuberculosis shows clinical signs mainly under the age of 6 months
F
The main pathogen causing bovine tuberculosis is Mycobacterium tuberculosis
F
Bovine tuberculosis only affects the lungs
F
Bovine tuberculosis is a zoonosis
T
Tuberculosis causes generalized disease by organic infection in cattle
T
Tuberculosis cannot infect cattle per os
F
Tuberculosis in cattle occurs especially in young animals.
F
Cattle tuberculosis can be diagnosed by serological methods
F
Cattle tuberculosis is always generalized.
F
Tuberculosis in cattle is prevented with frequent vaccinations.
F
Cattle are infected with M. bovis mainly per os and enteric tuberculosis is most frequent.
F
Cattle infected with M. bovis will carry the bacterium for a maximum of 1 year.
F
In intestinal tuberculosis, diarrhoea is the main clinical sign.
T
In the case of bovine tuberculosis foetuses are generally not infected.
T
Generation shift can be used for eradication of tuberculosis.
T
Vaccination of 6-month-old calves with BCG vaccine will result eradication of
tuberculosis
F
After infection with Mycobacterium bovis cattle remain lifelong carriers.
T
The primary complex in cattle is generally in the lungs and the mediastinal lymph nodes
T
In cattle extrapulmonary tuberculosis does not occur.
F
Late generalization is characterized by productive processes
F
Chronic tuberculosis affects organs together with lymph nodes.
T
The skin intradermal tuberculin test is negative if the thickness of the skin increased by
4.5 mm
F
Tuberculin test can detect about 50% of the infected animals.
F
The skin intradermal tuberculin test is highly sensitive in cattle
T
The skin intradermal tuberculin test is negative if the thickness of the skin increased by
4.1 mm.
F
In case of positive tuberculin reactions in a herd, movement restriction has to be
implemented.
T
The PPD-tuberculin (purified protein derivative) contains the antigenic abstract of the
agent.
T
During the general tuberculin test we give the tuberculin SC or IV.
F
General tuberculin test is used to trigger a hypersensitivity reaction.
T
The general tuberculin test (name) is not really used now a days.
T
The tuberculin test can be false negative in cattle within 3 weeks after infection.
T
The intradermal tuberculin test can be: False positive in case of infection by
Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis
T
The intradermal tuberculin test can be: False negative in case of anergy
T
The intradermal tuberculin test can be: False negative in case of pre-allergy
T
The intradermal tuberculin test can be: False negative in case of older, demarcated
nodule
T
Tuberculin test is false negative in case of old, encapsulated lesions.
T
Tuberculin test is false negative in case of pre-infection.
T
At the end of the disease the probe/intradermal skin test can be negative.
T
In other types of tuberculosis infections the intradermal tuberculin can be positive.
T
Using the thermal tuberculin test, organic reactions can be increased.
T
In case of para-allergic reaction we carry out the comparative tuberculin test. In case
of para-allergic reaction we eliminate the positive animals immediately.
T
In case of para-allergic reaction we perform a test-cut.
F
In addition to para-allergic test we can carry out a gamma interferon test.
T
