PAST PAPER June 2021 Flashcards
list 4 distinct features that should be included in a garden survey
structures eg; garden shed/summerhouse
hard landscape surfaces eg; paths or patios
boundaries eg; fence or walls
existing trees/shrubs or other plant groups in the garden
underground/over ground water, gas or electricity services
describe three ways of overcoming the problems of severley restricted site access when constructing a garden
re-use waste material from clearing the site to avoid having to move bulky items through a narrow access/or house eg; using old slabs as a base for a shed
get permission with neighbours to gain access through their property (temporarily removing a fence panel)
specify the use of young plants and trees instead of mature ones.
sow the lawn from seed instead of laying new turf
plan construction using hand tools and wheelbarrow instead of diggers/dumper trucks-you may have to alter plans or extend construction time
list four factors relating to soil that need to be recorded during a site appraisal
soil depth or profile soil pH soil texture ie; silt/sand/loam soil structure drainage/waterlogging capacity of soil om content of soil
describe the effect of 2 named features in a garden that can create different microclimates
a south facing garden wall can create a sun trap- the warm absorbs the days sun and can radiate it during the night
a slope in a garden with a solid fence, or wall at base can create a frost pocket of cold air (cold air flowing down hills collect at the soil barrier)
A roof/building overhang or garden wall can create a rain shadow (an area protected from prevailing winds and rain) this creates an area of dry soil.
A dense canopy of mature evergreen trees creates areas of deep shade and cooler temps.
Soil is also dry from rain shadow effect
A dense hedge creates a windbreak and creates shelter- it reduces physical damage to plants and increases temps on the leeward side of the hedge
state how unity and cohesion can be used when planning a domestic garden which is pleasing to the eye
repeat and consistent use of a single material for:
paths, patios, patio edging (slate)
repeat use of colour in soft and hard landscaping eg: blue windowsills and a blue painted garden bench, and blue flowering plants
the purpose is to link garden elements together and view the garden as a whole
state how movement and direction can be used when planning a domestic garden which is pleasing to the eye
place focal points at the end of an avenue of trees or path eg: a classical statue.
It moves the eye the a view or ‘picture’ of the garden
plant in drifts in sweeping borders creating movement of the plants and drawing the eye around a sweeping curve
describe how a named design principle is used in an English landscape garden to ensure that the design works; named principle is: unity/cohesion
the use of a native stand of trees within a garden unifies that space with the surrounding landscape
a ‘Ha-Ha’ sunken wall creates an uninterrupted view of the garden/landscape so it also creates cohesion
describe how a named design principle is used in an English landscape garden to ensure that the design works; named principle is Balance
features with equal visual weight and mass eg: a temple and a copse of trees
they are balanced with specimen evergreen trees eg; put either side of an open expanse of water, lawn or viewing point
describe how a named design principle is used in an English landscape garden to ensure that the design works; named principle is; scale and proportion
the size and scale of garden features are equally proportioned to work with the large expanse of lawns, lakes and rolling vistas.
large structures eg; palladian bridge and temples are in proportion with large dramatic landscape space
list three vertical hard landscape features included in an English landscape garden
chinese pagoda palladian bridge classical temple Ha-Ha folly hermitage
what is an appropriate moving water feature for a formal style garden?
classical cherub statue on a granite stone plinth as a fountain.
water falls from a spout into the centre of a raised pond that is edged with square cut granite
a jet of water from a square stone fountain placed in a geometrically shaped circular or square pool - the pool has raised sides and no planting
A RILL; water flows along a straight, narrow, shallow channel made from steel or polished stone with square cut edges and no planting - water falls from the rill into a square pool
what is an appropriate moving water feature for an informal style of garden?
a stream meandering down a slope - water falls over irregularly placed local rocks/stones with native grasses, ferns and marginals.
A reciprocating rock and pebble feature - water is pumped from an underground reservoir through a hole drilled in an irregularly shaped piece of natural rock eg; granite or slate. Water trickles down the rock onto a bed of pebbles before going back into the resevoir
describe two characteristic features of a knot garden
intricate patterns formed from clipped hedges which interweave and are designed to replicate Elizabethen embroidery
coloured infill between hedges - gravel or crushed brick, or planting eg; Lavandula angustifolia
The use of low and tightly clipped evergreen hedges of a single species eg; Buxus microphylla
Describe one hard landscape feature suitable for a cottage garden under the heading; Path
made from reclaimed brick, laid in herringbone pattern with a brick edging.
This allows plants to self seed and billow over the edge
a straight path made from loose natural material eg: gravel or trodden earth edged with bricks end on, or logs from the garden.
You can allow plants to grow over and into the path eg: Alchemilla mollis
Describe one hard landscape feature suitable for a cottage garden under the heading; fence
a picket fence, with white painted posts and rails that are low enough to see views out the garden.
Allow herbaceous or climbing plants to grow through
or, a woven hurdle of natural hazel branches with the bark retained- this allows native climbing plants to grow through the fence eg: Lonicera periclymenum
describe two named plants suitable for a hedge in a cottage garden
Prunus spinosa- small dark green, ovate leaves on thorny stems.
small, white 5 petalled flowers on short stalks and round blue/black small fruits that form from them.
Fagus sylvatica - bright translucent green foliage in spring that is wavy edged, turns russet brown in autumn
list 4 vertical features that can be constructed in a garden
garden shed rustic archway retaining wall panel fence summer house timber pergola
for a named vertical element, state two environmentally sustainable construction materials: eg: FENCE
softwood timber panels made from FSC timber, and hazel hurdles which have been grown and harvested locally or in the garden
for a named vertical element, state two environmentally sustainable construction materials: eg: retaining wall
reclaimed and recycled timber hardwood sleepers or reclaimed sandstone from a local reclamation yard,
you can build a dry-stone wall with sandstone without using cement
what are some benefits and limitations of softwood sleepers?
benefit: easily cut to shape with a saw,
light to move
can be sourced via FSC approved suppliers
limitation; not durable- rots.
will need replacing every 10-15yrs
rough wood with splinters is a hazard
what are some benefits and limitations of concrete blocks?
benefit: durable material with minima maintenance, hard wearing and strong.
limitation; blocks are heavy to move and work with
construction skills required when building with them
manufacturing process is not sustainable due to high levels of emissions
name 5 half-hardy plants suitable for seasonal bedding
Lobelia erinus Salvia farinacea Tagetes erecta Nicotiana alata Fuchsia 'Swingtime'
what is the decorative merit of Lobelia erinus?
clear, light blue two lipped flowers
what is the decorative merit of Bidens ferulifolia?
small bright green leaves with rich yellow daisy-like flowers
what is the decorative merit of Helichrysum petiolare?
white stems
broad, ovate, grey hairy evergreen leaves
what is the decorative merit of Salvia splendens?
spikes of tubular, scarlet flowers with large red bracts
what is the decorative merit of Fuchsia ‘Swingtime’?
pointed red sepals, and a cluster of frilly white petals
Name 2 appropriate grass species for a Hard wearing utility lawn
Lolium perenne
Festuca rubra subsp.
Name 2 appropriate grass species for a Hard wearing utility lawn
Lolium perenne
Festuca rubra subsp.
name 2 appropriate grass species appropriate for a high quality ornamental lawn
Festuca rubra subsp.
Agrostis capillaris
state three factors to be considered when selecting a site for alpine or rock garden plants
open sunny site free from shade
south, south/east or south/west facing aspect
on a slight incline with free draining soil
away from overhanging trees or anything that causes shade/or rain drip
a site free from invasive weeds
suitable soil pH for selected plants
name three alpine or rock garden plants suitable for use in a domestic rock garden
Dianthus alpinus
Iberis sempervirens
Lewisia cotyledon
describe how a cohesive design is achieved under each of the following headings: Rock garden in an informal garden
use rock found in local area- natural appearance of the surroundings
chippings or gravel - from same rock in area or similar colour
place rocks in naturalistic style
select suitable plants for rock garden conditions ie: for an open sunny area with free draining soil
plants should be low growing, compact and spill over the rocks
slow growing species should be selected with repetition of species/textures and colours within the whole garden
describe how a cohesive design is achieved under each of the following headings; paths in a formal garden
they are straight, with 90’ angle turns arranged in a geometric pattern.
use path as a central axis to a symmetrical garden design layout to provide cohesion with the formal style.
all paving materials are regular in size and shape
edges of paths are kept straight and clear from over spilling plants
state 4 factors that should be considered when selecting trees for a domestic garden
ultimate height and spread
soil conditions incl. pH and drainage
health and safety eg; spines/thorns/toxicity
maintenance issues - leaf fall from deciduous
decorative merit - fruit/flowers/bark/leaf colour
pollination groups for edible apples
plant health - susceptible to particular pest and diseases
list sustainable practices to reduce the use of mains water which can be integrated successfully during the planning and design stage for a domestic garden
select drought tolerant plants
harvest rain water in water butts from guttering
design a grey water collection system to harvest waste water from the house
plan to include compost bins so you can create organic mulch for your borders - it preserves moisture
install irrigation systems eg; seep hose on a timer
water in pm only or early morning
include a gravel garden, or a heavily mulched area with plants that have a low water requirement
state a hazard and risk for a Garden waste composting area
hazard: adding plants with spines/thorns/stinging hairs
debris spilling on ground
adding food waste that attracts rats
rough timer pallet use to construct compost bin
Risk: cuts and scratches from handling compost
slips and trips causing cuts and sprains
infection with Weils disease from handling compost
splinters from timber causing scratches and cuts
state a hazard and risk for a WILDLIFE POND
HAZARD: open water that is easily accessible to children
marginal planting that hides the edge of pond
wet ground around the pond
RISK: falling into the water ending in injury/death from drowning
slipping into pond causing cuts/sprains or ingestion of water and pathogens
slipping causing sprains to ankles and cuts to hands
name 2 hardy annual plants to attract beneficial pollinating insects
Limnanthes douglasii
Lathyrus odoratus
