February 2020 past paper Flashcards
Name 5 trees suitable for use in a domestic garden
Acer griseum Arbutus unedo Luma apiculata Malus x zumi 'Golden Hornet' Sorbus 'Joseph Rock'
what is a decorative merit for Acer griseum?
peeling, papery chestnut-brown bark or leaves that are whiteish underneath.
They turn brilliantred/orange in autumn
what is a decorative merit for Arbutus unedo?
urn shaped white flowers in summer/autumn, appearing as strawberry-like fruits from previous years rip flowers
what is a decorative merit for Luma apiculata?
cinnamon and cream coloured bark,
small white flowers in summer
what is a decorative merit for alus x zumi ‘Golden Hornet’?
white flowers in spring
yellow fruits in autumn/winter
what is a decorative merit for Sorbus ‘Joseph Rock’?
pinnante leaves that turn orange, red and purple in autumn
name 2 distinct items of equipment necessary to carry out a linear survey
30 or 50m landscape measuring tape rigid measuring tape datumn pegs and string line paper pen/pencil
describe how to carry out the following linear survey technique: offsets
establish a fixed baseline along a fixed datumn line eg: house wall.
take measurements from the feature being surveyed to the baseline- it must meet baseline at a 90’ right angle.
take a second measurement along the baseline, to where it is met by the offset measurement (to accurately position the offset)
Record all measurements on a survey sketch
describe how to carry out the following linear survey technique: triangulation
establish two known datumn points along a fixed baseline, or corners/know points on a house wall.
Label these on a sketch eg: A & B (the further apart they are, the more accurate the triangulation)
Use a carefully fixed tape to measure from one of the datumn points, to the feature being surveyed eg: from point A to the feature.
Repeat that with a measurement from point B to the feature
name two grass species suitable for: a utility lawn
Lolium perenne
Festuca rubra rubra
name two grass species suitable for: high quality ornamental
Agrostis capillaris
Festuca rubra subsp. commutata
name two grass species suitable for: Shade tolerant
Festuca rubra rubra
Lolium perenne
describe two soft landscaping features which could be used to minimise the size of a lawn in a more sustainable garden design
replace the majority of the lawn with a mixed shrub and herbaceous border- include drought tolerant plants to reduce use of water.
Also select plants that attract pollinators, and provide seeds for birds in winter.
Sow a wildflower meadow to replace the lawn. Include native species top provide food and habitat for bees, butterflies and birds.
Including Rhinanthus minor reduced vigour of competing grasses.
name soft landscaping features which could be used to minimise the size of a lawn in a more sustainable garden design
herbaceous borders island beds borders for hardy annuals vegetable gardens ground cover planting/flowering lawn
name four distinct materials which could be used in the construction of a pond
butyl liner puddled clay pre-formed plastic liner poured concrete fibre glass liner concrete blocks engineering bricks sandstone rocks
describe one named water feature suitable for an informal garden style
a wildlife pool.
it is irregular in shape, edges are softened with planting and natural stone.
pool is various levels, for marginal, deep water and submerged plantings of native plants.
part of the pool should have a shallow or sloping edge to enable wildlife to enter and exit safely
describe one named water feature suitable for a formal garden style
a geometrically shaped pool, either square, rectangular or round.
It would often be raised, constructed from dressed stone, with square cut stone edging and contain one plant eg: Nymphaea alba
could also be: a similar pool with a classical statue or fountain made from granite or marble
name 5 herbaceous perennials
Acanthus spinosus Echinacea purpurea Hylotelephium spectabile Rudbeckia fulgida var. sullivantil 'Goldsturm' Verbena bonariensis
give the site requirement for the following herbaceous perennials: Acanthus spinosus
well drained soil
full sun/part shade
give the site requirement for the following herbaceous perennials: Echinacea purpurea
well drained soil
SEW
South, East or West facing aspect
give the site requirement for the following herbaceous perennials: Hylotelephium spectabile
well drained soil
full sun
south or east facing aspect
alkaline or neutral pH
give the site requirement for the following herbaceous perennials: Rudbeckia fulgida var. sullivantil ‘Goldsturm’
moist but well drained soil
full sun or part shade
give the site requirement for the following herbaceous perennials: Verbene bonariensis
moist but well drained soil
full sun only
state 5 distinct factors which must be recorded when carrying out a site appraisal
aspect of site- North, South, East or West facing areas of the garden which create sun or shade
Soil pH, to identify if soil is acidic, neutral or alkaline (this affects plant choice)
Soil drainage - include any areas of wet/waterlogged or dry soil
Microclimates - frost pockets at base of slope, sun traps near south facing walls
Existing garden structures - sheds, walls, fences and heir condition
Views out of the garden incl. borrowed landscapes, fine views, eye sores eg: electricity poles seen from the garden
additional factors are; soil type, soil texture, contours, exposure, style of house
state 5 distinct hazards which will make a garden site appraisal difficult to carry out
overgrown plants on the ground which could trip the designer up, or covering uneven ground/pot holes.
Neglected, overgrown thorny/poisonous/stinging plants eg; brambles and nettles that designer must reach through to measure
Unsafe garden walls with crumbling mortar and bricks which could fall onto the designer
Algae covered paths and decking which could be a slip hazard
Trees with dead, diseased or damaged branches which could fall onto the designer if carrying out the appraisal in windy conditions
Steep slopes in wet weather which re a slip hazard for the designer
state the meaning of each of the following garden planning principles: repetition
the use of similar or the same elements multiple times.
repeating them consistently can aid cohesion and unity in a garden or give a sense of rhythm and movement.
eg: the colour of painted furniture can be reflected in the colour of plants, archways and the house window frames.
Using a similar colour through out the garden aids cohesion, linking all the spaces
state the meaning of each of the following garden planning principles: simplicity
involves using a minimal number of elements to create a sense of calm, uncluttered or uncomplicated garden space.
eg: use a restricted colour palette throughout the gardens soft and hard landscape element to create a feeling of a calm and uncluttered space.
describe two ways in which the use of repetition contributes to the successful design of a knot garden
clipped hedges
shapes
infill plants and materials
complex pattern of hedges
Use of Buxus sempervirens plants repeated in a clipped hedge forming the pattern throughout the knot garden
The use of a single plant species planted to infill within the knot patterns eg: Lavandula angustifolia
describe one way by which simplicity contributes to the successful design of a knot garden
you can create simplicity by having blocks of plants of a single colour in infills which adds to the impact of the pattern
the use of a single plant species for hedging eg: Buxus microphylla, clipped to the same height throughout the patters aids a simplified whole
name some man-made materials used within a garden to create a screen
concrete decorative blocks, steel plastic panel steel mesh glass blocks
what is the practical suitability for a man-made material (concrete blocks for example) that are used as a screen? and what design are they suitable for?
the blocks are durable, weatherproof, require minimal maintenance.
They would fit in with a utilitarian style, in a utility area such as a screen for refuse bins
name some natural materials that can be used as a garden screen
hazel poles
willow rods
softwood timber
bamboo canes
what is the practical suitability of a natural material used as a garden screen, and name a design they are suitable for
Hazel poles are lightweight to carry and to construct with.
|Rustic poles are suitable for a cottage or informal garden style
name four distinct evergreen plants suitable for a garden screen
Taxus baccata
Thuja plicata
Prunus lusitanica
Griselinia littoralis
Describe two hazards associated with: garden ponds
wet or boggy ground around the pond could cause a person to slip into the pond
surface vegetation eg: algae or marginal plants can obscure the surface of the pond causing people to accidentally fall in.
An unfenced pond in a garden next o a children’s play re could result in a child falling into the water
Describe two hazards associated with; hard landscaping materials
splinters from timbers when handling then during construction, or by brushing past a fence post
injury from lifting heavy sandstone slabs
injury from dropping softwood timber decking planks which can become slippery when wet
state how a named risk relating to garden steps can be minimised in a domestic garden
sprains to wrists or ankles as a result of tripping or falling can be minimised by the installation of a hand rail
cuts to the knees and hands as a result of slipping and falling can be minimised by adding non-slip surfaces to the treads of the steps eg: wire mesh or grips
what is meant by ‘environmental sustainability?’
using resources in a way to not deplete the earths natural resources, damage or destroy ecological habitats.
practices that do not exhaust natural resources now, or in the future and do not damage the environment
state 4 sustainable practices under the heading: garden construction
turn off taps when not in use
ensure hose pipes not leaking
buy materials locally to lower carbon emissions from vehicles
use wood from sustainably managed sources eg: FSC approved timber
order only what is required to minimise waste
try to source materials from reclamation yards eg: reclaimed bricks
state 4 sustainable practices under the heading garden maintenance
mulch borders to reduce evaporation and the need for watering
use manual powered equipment eg: no electric or petrol lawn mowers
harvest rain water for irrigation
compost garden and kitchen waste on site to use as mulch or soil improver
leave leaf litter and seed heads over winter to provide an overwinter habitat and food for the birds and insects
