October 2021 past paper Flashcards
name a hazard and an associated risk for two named plants
Digitalis purpurea;
hazard; all arts are poisonous
risk; sickness or death from ingesting plant parts
Berberis thunbergii;
hazard; spines prone to breaking off when pruning
risk; scratches to skin, cuts/infection
describe two ways in which hazardous plants can be incorporated into a garden design with minimal risk to garden users
plant plants with thorns, prickles or spines away from paths and access points
fence off an area so they can be viewed safely (picket fence)
inform clients and children of the risks of the plants - and label with a red label/ mark on a plan
name 2 underground services that can be identified in a garden survey
electricity cables
gas pipes
foul sewer pipes
mains water pipes
describe two distinct problems during construction that could result from not correctly identifying two underground services
electricity cables; may be dug up when excavating footings therefore loss of power to house.
Leads to additional expenses and disruption
if cables severed, leads to electrocution or burns.
foul sewer pipes; if damaged during construction, surrounding soil may be contaminated - causes additional expenses to clean up and repair pipes
describe the characteristic of a soft landscape feature for a knot garden design
feature; low growing evergreen hedge of single species eg: Buxus microphylla
characteristic; intricate patterns that replicate Elizabethan embroidery that are designed to be viewed from above.
describe the characteristic of a soft landscape feature for a cottage garden
feature; mixed borders or herbaceous perennials, annuals, herbs and edibles
characteristic; plants can spill into each other and self seed
mix perennials with annuals eg; Alchemilla mollis and Calendula officinalis
describe the characteristic of a soft landscape feature for an English landscape garden
characteristic; copse of native trees
feature; tall stand of native trees positioned strategically across the landscape
eg; Fagus sylvatica
describe two distinct hard landscape features that can be found in an English Landscape garden
palladian temple; designed in style of ancient Greek/roman architecture, made from marble, granite or stone
Folly; replicates a ruined building, a piece of architecture in the garden constructed from stone to appear mystical
Hermitage; artificial looking cave large enough for a person paid by the house ownders to live in it
Ha-ha; sunken wall giving un-interrupted views of surrounding landscape, and to prevent stock getting into garden
name 2 distinct external features which may need to be recorded when carrying out a site appraisal
fine views ; distant church spire eye sore; electricity pylon style of house garden sheds- may cast shade specimen tree garden walls - create rain shadow
describe 4 distinct microclimates that may occur in a grden
1) frost pocket at the bottom of a slope with a solid barrier.
Cool air flows down the slope, gathering at the base of a solid fence/wall.
2) A dense hedge protects plants from physical damage, and acts as a windbreak. It also creates a rain shadow effect, so soil is drier
3) a dense canopy of mature, evergreen trees create a cooler area of deep shade, and rain shadow (drier soil)
4) An overhang from a roof or wall protect from wind and rain - rain shadow. Therefore drier soil.
: boundary hedge, and give a decorative merit .
Prunus spinosa (sloe) small white, 5 petalled flowers on short stems with spikes. Round blue/black fruits
name a plant for use in a cottage garden under the heading: Herbaceous perennial and give its decorative merit
Phlox paniculate ‘white admiral’
upright habit, panicles of pure white flowers in mid - late summer
name a plant for use in a cottage garden under the heading: path edging, and give it’s decorative merit
Lavendula angustifolia
evergreen, narrow-grey/green leaves.
dense spikes of fragrant pale to deep purple flowers in summer
name a plant for use in a cottage garden under the heading: climber, and give its decorative merit
Clematis montana
an abundance of small, single white flowers in late spring.
foliage has a bronze tinge when it first emerges
name a plant for use in a cottage garden under the heading: annual, and give it’s decorative merit
Helianthus annus; (sunflower)
large heart shaped leaves on a tall stem
large disc-shaped flower with yellow petals and a dark brown centre
describe two ways in which wood may be used in the construction of a garden boundary
picket fence;
set wooden posts into ground vertically and attach cross rails to them.
attach upright planks of wood to horizontal cross rails with a regular gap between each piece of wood.
post and rail fence;
set square or round posts in ground, and long rails are attached to them to leave open gaps between the rails.
name two distinct man-made materials that can be used to construct boundary features in a garden
concrete blocks
clay bricks
iron metal work
describe two examples of how the materials selected for boundary features can ensure that a garden design is cohesive.
cohesion is achieved when the type of clay brick used for the boundary wall is the same as the brick used for the house.
The brick can also be used in other areas of the garden eg: path edging/bbq
using the same colours to link the house, garden and boundary can be cohesive. eg; window frames and doors can be painted the same colour as the boundary fence.
describe how ONE named design principle is used in an informal garden to ensure that the design ‘works’
movement/direction; the inclusion of features in motion which evoke a sense of movement
a flowing/winding stream of water over natural stones
naturalistic planting of grasses/loose herbaceous plants which move in the wind, and spill onto paths create movement in an informal garden
unity/cohesion; the consistent linking of elements in a garden to ensure that all parts of the design form a unified whole.
balance; weight and mass of elements of the design are balanced with each other and the garden
state three ways in which colour may positively affect a visitors experience of a garden
excite and enliven the mood -use hot colours eg; red/orange, and contrast with yellow and blue.
calm and relax - white and green for the planting has a tranquil, calming affect eg; Sissinghurst
make the space feel larger - use red and yellow in foreground, and pale colours in distance to increase sense of depth alluding to a larger garden
describe two garden features for the effective display of alpine or rock garden plants
rock garden; made to look like a natural rocky outcrop with large boulders of sandstone to ensure that their strata run in the same direction.
scree garden ; a bed of loose stone and broken rock particles which mimic a natural bed at the base of a mountain slope (good drainage)
name one manufactured and one natural material suitable for use in rock gardens
manufactured; fibreglass and concrete rocks
natural ; rocks, chippings or aggregates of limestone, granite or slate
state 4 factors to be considered when selecting a site for alpine/rock garden plants
is it in an open/sunny position?
On a slight incline with free draining soil
Correct pH for selected plants
Away from overhanging foliage that can create shade or drips of rain
Free from invasive weeds
Aspect?
name four distinct deciduous shrubs suitable for planting in a domestic garden, giving a decorative merit for each
Buddleja davidii ; lance-shaped, pointed, grey-green leaves
Hamamelis mollis ; oval leaves turn yellow in autumn
Berberis thunbergii ; obovate shaped leaves turn red/orange in autumn
Weigela ‘Florida Variegata’ ; clusters of funnel-shaped, light pink flowers in spring/summer
name 2 suitable garden situations where decorative shrubs can be used in a domestic garden
mixed shrub and herbaceous border
patio containers
hedges/screens
describe the environmental sustainability of one named landscape material for a: path
material; concrete paving slabs
considerations; the manufacturing process of concrete emits a high emissions level of carbon into the atmosphere.
describe the environmental sustainability of one named landscape material for a: wall
material; sandstone
considerations; you can build a dry stone wall with natural stone WITHOUT the use of cement (manufac. process in making cement relases a high level of carbon into atmosphere)
