Past Paper 3 Flashcards
Characteristics of Prokaryotic cells?
- smaller and simpler
- bacteria
- No nucleus
Characteristics of Eukaryotic cells?
- Has a nucleus
- Larger and more complex
- Animal, plant, fungi…
How many microns (μm) in a mm
1000
How are sperm cells adapted for their function? FOUR
Long tail for swimming
lots of mitochondria for energy
enzymes in head to penetrate the egg
head containing nucleus with genetic material
Explain the stages of mitosis (cell division in animals/humans) FOUR
- Chromosome double
- Chromosomes line up
- One set of chromosomes is pulled to each end of the cell and the nucleus divides
- Cytoplasm and cell membranes divide to form two new cells.
Mitosis and Meiosis - what kind of cells do they individually make?
Mitosis makes 2 identical cells.
Meiosis makes 4 non-identical cells.
Purposes of Meiosis and Mitosis?
Meiosis is sexual (reproduction), Mitosis is for growth/repair.
What process do bacteria reproduce by?
Binary fission
What is binary fission? TWO
A simple type of asexual reproduction
The DNA is copied and the cell splits into two identical cells
Exponential growth formula
2^n E.g. 2^12
