CPG 7 Flashcards
Process of digestion by digestive enzymes - where they are produced and what they break carbs, proteins & fats down into.
MOUTH - Carbohydrate digestion starts in the mouth, where amylase from saliva breaks starch into simple sugars.
STOMACH - Proteins are first broken down in the stomach by protease enzyme. In the small intestine, more protease from the pancreas breaks proteins into amino acids.
SMALL INTESTINE -
Lipids are broken down in the small intestine by lipase from the pancreas into fatty acids. Bile, made in the liver, helps by emulsifying fats to increase the surface area for lipase.
For a fair experiment, what are two constants you should keep
Room temperature/temperature and volume of solutions/solvents.
How are white blood cells adapted to perform their function? THREE
They have a nucleus, which carries the instructions to make antibodies
Phagocytes can change shape to engulf and digest pathogens (like bacteria).
Some white blood cells also produce antitoxins to neutralise harmful toxins made by microbes.
How are red blood cells adapted for their function?
Biconcave shape – increases the surface area for oxygen diffusion.
No nucleus – more space for haemoglobin, the protein that carries oxygen.
Small and flexible – allows them to fit through narrow capillaries.
What is the structure and function of platelets?
Platelets are small cell fragments in the blood that help with blood clotting.
Small and no nucleus
how can a blockage in the coronary artery cause damage to the patient’s heart muscle?
Restricts blood flow to heart muscle, leading to a lack of oxygen reaching it - less energy, so heart muscle can stop working or die.
How do statins prevent progression of coronary heart disease?
Lower cholesterol, reducing fatty deposits and progression of coronary heart disease.
What is a biological valve
A valve taken from a human or another mammal
why would an artificial heart be used
to use whilst waiting for a donor heart
