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3B > Past paper 2011 > Flashcards

Past paper 2011 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the most common cause of mitral stenosis?

A

Rheumatic fever

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2
Q

Give 2 methods to stop smoking

A

Nicotine replacement therapy (varenilcine + bupropion)
Preparing for a stop date
Behavioural support - nicotine anonymous

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3
Q

What are some of the RF for acute pancreatitis?

A 
Gallstones 
Alcohol 
Trauma 
Steroids 
Mumps + other viruses 
AI 
Scorpions 
Hyperlipidaemeia, hypercalcaemia
ERCP 
Drugs - thiazides and valproate
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4
Q

Whats the benefit of doing an Allens test

A

Some people lack the dual supply – doing an ABG can occasionally cause disruption of the artery which could put the hand at risk of ischaemia

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5
Q

How would you test to see if someone had addison’s? Explain it

A

Short synactin test
Give cortisol level and give synactin - repeat cortisol level after 30m
If cortisol >500 then addison’s can be excluded
+ve: Failure of cortisol rise due to ACTH

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6
Q

Give the presenting features of Addisonian Crisis

A 
Dehydration 
Hypotension 
Hypovolaemic shock 
N + V 
Muscle cramps 
Confusion
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7
Q

What is the pathophysiology behind splenomegaly in CML

A

CML there is a raised number of abnormal haematopoietic cells. This causes an increased work load of the spleen to clear these cells - which suggests it could be a response to hyperfunction of the spleen causing it to become enlarged

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8
Q

What is the chromosomal abnormality associated with CML

A

Philadelphia chromosom (9,22)

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9
Q

Is there a family link with this chromosome?

A

No, this translocation is acquired through a persons lifetime

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10
Q

Where are bone marrow biopsies usually taken?

A

Posterior, superior iliac crest

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11
Q

Give 2 STI - full name

A

Nisseria Gonorrhoeae

Chlamydia Trachomatis

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12
Q

Give local signs of STIs on male

A

D/c
Sore, ulcers or rash around the penis
Lymphadenopathy

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13
Q

A person with an STI develops knee pain and sore eyes. Dx?

A

Reiters syndrome

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14
Q

Name 4 sexual behaviours that increase the risk of HIV

A

Not using barrier protection
Anal sex
Multiple partners
Penetrative vaginal sex

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15
Q

Give signs of inhalation injury

A

Facial burns, singed nasal hairs, hoarse voice, respiratory distress, harsh cough, stridor, soot in saliva or sputum

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16
Q

Describe a superficial epidermal burn (1st degree)

A

Red, painful,
No blisters
Increased CRP

17
Q

Describe partial thickness superficial dermal (second degree)

A

Painful, pink, pale, blistered, swelling, extremely hypersensitive
Heals with minimal scarring

18
Q

Describe partial thickness deep dermal (second degree)

A

Typically white, may have patches of non-blanching erythema

Reduced/absent sensation, blisters

19
Q

Describe a full thickness burn

A

Dry,
Brown/white/black
No blisters

20
Q

Give a viral and bacterial cause of diarrhoea

A

Norovirus

Campylobacter

21
Q

Person in hospital develops diarrhoea

Give 3 sources of infection

A 
Fecal oral, 
Respiratory droplet/airborne 
Contaminated equipment 
Catheters 
Direct from invasive procedures
22
Q

Person in hospital develops diarrhoea

How should they be managed?

A 
Barrier nursing 
Side room 
Hand washing 
Infection control nurses 
PPE (personal protection equipment)
23
Q

Why do you get splenomegaly in EVB?

A

Spleen is a sieve - removed abnormal cells and will not let abnormal cells through. If there are more atypical cells to be removed it slows down the system causing more cells being stored in the spleen while they wait to be filtered back into the system - this causes the spleen to swell and become hypertrophic

24
Q

Why do you get raised LFTs in EBV

A

EBV are associated with hepatocellular hepatitis

Mild, can be clinically undetected - but raised liver enzymes, serum transaminases

25
Q

How do you dx EBV

A

Postive heterophile ab tets

26
Q

Why would you prescribe an SSRI for depression?

A

They increase the amount of serotonin in the synaptic cleft - serotonin thought to increase happiness
SSRIs are the 1st line treatment options for clinical depression
?Fluoxetine less side effects

27
Q

What are the SE for the SSRIs?

A 
Sexual dysfunction 
D + N 
Haedache 
Sleep problems - insomnia 
Weight loss and anorexia
28
Q

Give 2 features other than erythema you would expect to find in a patients mouth/pharynx if they have tonsillitis

A

Tonsilar enlargement
Uvula oedema
Lymphadenopathy

29
Q

How would you treat severe symptoms associated with EBV?

A

Steroids + aciclovir

3B (21 decks)

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