GI Flashcards
How would SB obstruction look on an Xray?
Centrally located multiple dilated loops of gas filled bowel
Valvula conniventes (plicae circulares) are visible confirming that it is small bowel
No gas seen in the large bowel
Multiple dilated bowel loops
What are the causes of SMO in adults?
Adhesions secondary to intra-abdominal surgery
Hernias
Malignancy
Crohn’s disease
How do you treat UC to try and induce remission?
1) High dose PO mesalazine
2) + PO prednisolone
3) + PO tacrolimus
How do you maintain remission in UC?
1) PO mesalazine
2) Azathioprine if needed
What drug class is mesalazine in?
Aminosalicylate
What are the two most likely causes of cholestatic jaundice?
Gallstones
Head of pancreas cancer
What are the auto abs in systemic sclerosis?
Anti-centomere
Anti-SCL 70 (anti-topoisomerase)
ANA
Give some drugs that can cause dyspepsia
Nitrates
Bisphosphonates
Corticosteroids
NSAIDs
What are the ALARMS symptoms?
Anaemia Loss of weight Anorexia Recent onset Melena/haemetemesis Swallowing difficulty
What investigations can you do with dysphagia?
CXR
Barium swallow
Manometry
OGD
What is Barretts oesophagus?
When a proportion of normal distal squamous epithelium is replaced by metastatic columnar epithelium
Give some neurological causes of dysphagia
CVA
Achalasia
MS
MND
Define achalasia
Oesophageal peristalsis and failure of LOS relaxation due to reduction in ganglionic cells and degeneration of myenteric plexus
–> Impaired oesophageal emptying
What is the gold standard test for achalasia?
Manometry
What medical management can be used for achalasia?
CCB - nifedipine for SM relaxation