Past Paper 1 2010 Flashcards
intravenous drugs have bioavailability of 50%
False
topical administration is a type of parenteral administration
False
sodium bicarbonate increases the pH of the stomach
True
first-pass metabolism refers to renal elimination of water soluble drugs
False
adrenaline is a alpha-1 receptor agonist
True
hyoscine - irritable bowel syndrome
True
atropine - decongestant
False
neostigmine - Myasthenia gravis
True
phenylephrine - glaucoma
False
salbutamol - asthma
True
β1 adrenoceptor agonists cause bradycardia
False
β2 adrenoceptor antagonists cause bronchodilation
False
α1 adrenoceptor blockers cause vasodilation
True
α2 adrenoceptor agonists cause vasodilation
True
muscarinic receptor antagonists cause tachycardia
True
Pharmacological adverse-effects of neostigmine include
a. dry Mouth
b. bradycardia
c. miosis
d. bronchoconstriction
e. urinary retention
a. F
b. T
c. T
d. F
e. F
pilocarpine - inhibits muscarinic receptors
F
dopamine - stimulates β1 adrenoreceptors
T
salmeterol - inhibits β2 adrenoreceptors
F
pseudoephedrine - stimulates α1 adrenoreceptors
T
phenylephrine - inhibits α1 adrenoreceptors
F
furosemide works on the loop of Henle
T
hydrochlorothiazide causes hypokalaemia as an adverse-effect
T
amiloride causes hypokalaemia as an adverse-effect
F. Hyperkalaemia
indapamide is a high ceiling diuretic
F. Low ceiling diuretic
spironolactone causes gynaecomastia as an adverse-effect
T
Bisoprolol is:
a. a non-selective β-adrenoceptor blocker
b. used for the treatment of cardiac failure
c. used to control hypoglycaemic episodes in diabetics
d. contraindicated in asthma
e. more β1-selective at higher doses
a. F
b. T
c. F
d. T
e. T
amlodipine - calcium channel blockade
T
glyceryl trinitrate - blocks Na+/K+ exchange in the collecting duct
F
enalapril - angiotensin-1 to angiotensin-2 conversion blockade
F
valsartan - blocks Na+/K+/Cl- transporter in the ascending limb
F. Furosemide blocks in the ascending loop
bezafibrate - HMG co-A reductase inhibitor
F
heparin works through the blockade of antithrombin III
F
long-term aspirin use causes gastric ulceration as an adverse effect
T
clopidogrel stimulates platelet receptor ADP binding
F
streptokinase is used in the treatment of myocardial infarcts
T
tranexamic acid stimulates the fibrinolytic action of plasmin
F
prednisone inhibits COX-I and COX-II
F
phospholipase A2 is stimulated by lipocortin
False. Inhibited by lipocortin
beclomethasone is given to asthmatic patients to reduce inflammation
T
cortisone will precipitate allergic reactions
T
corticosteroids modify enzyme activity
T
corticosteroids have an anabolic effect on muscles and are used as muscle bulkers
F
long-term treatment with prednisone causes dysregulation of the HPA-axis
T
hydrocortisone stimulates bone growth in children
F
glucose levels are elevated with corticosteroid treatment
T
a “moon face” and “buffalo hump” are characteristic of long-term prednisone treatment
T
NSAIDs inhibit lipocortin
F. Steroids inhibit
Ibuprofen is an effective anticoagulant
F
meloxicam selectively inhibits COX-II enzyme
F. Non-selective
indomethacin can precipitate bronchospasm in an asthmatic patient
F
diclofenac is more likely than celecoxib to cause gastric ulceration
T
Paracetamol is an effective antipyretic in children with bacterial infections
T
Paracetamol is preferred to diclofenac when treating rheumatoid arthritis
F
Paracetamol is safe in overdose
F
Paracetamol inhibits COX-III
T. Paracetamol very likely produces analgesia and hypothermia in mice by inhibiting COX-3 in the central nervous system and lowering PGE2 levels.
Paracetamol is a safe anticoagulant in hypertensive patients
F. Not an anti-coagulant
Adverse effects of morphine include
a. urine retention
b. hypotension
c. biliary colic
d. insomnia
e. diarrhoea
a. T
b. F
c. T
d. F
e. F
codeine is a mu-opioid receptor agonist
T
fentanyl is less cardiotoxic than morphine
F. Fentanyl is related to pethidine and should not be
used in patients who have been on monoamine
inhibitors in the previous 14 days. Interaction between
these drugs is thought to produce an accumulation
of serotonin and the patient may become delirious
and violent, or may develop fatal respiratory
depression, severe hypertension and dysrhythmias
morphine is metabolised by plasma cholinesterase
F. Liver
naloxone reverses morphine-induced respiratory depression
T
loperamide is used in the treatment of constipation
F. Anti-diahorreal
lignocaine blocks the sensation of pressure before pain
F
ropivacaine inhibits C-fibres before A-fibres
T
procaine is an ester local anaesthetic
T
the ionised form of bupivacaine diffuses into the axon membrane
T
tetracaine is metabolised by pseudocholinesterase
T. Esters are metabolized by pseudocholinestarase
