2011 Flashcards
a. intravenous drugs have bioavailability of 50%
b. topical administration is a type of parenteral administration
c. sodium bicarbonate increases the pH of the stomach
d. first-pass metabolism refers to renal elimination of water soluble drugs
e. adrenaline is a alpha-1 receptor agonist
a. F
b. F
c. T
d. F
e. T
a. adrenaline - anaphylactic shock
b. atropine - organophosphate poisoning
c. dopamine - hypertension
d. neostigmine - myasthenia gravis
e. phenylephrine - rebound hyperaemia
a. T
b. T
c. F. Hypotension
d. T
e. F
a. β1-adrenoceptor agonists cause bradycardia
b. β2-adrenoceptor agonists cause bronchoconstriction
c. α1-adrenoceptor blockers cause vasodilation
d. α2-adrenoceptor agonists cause vasodilation
e. muscarinic receptor stimulation causes tachycardia
a. F. Tachycardia
b. F. Dilation
c. T
d. T
e. F
Pharmacological adverse-effects of pseudoephedrine include:
a. tremor
b. bradycardia
c. diarrhoea
d. addiction
e. hypotension
a. T
b. F
c. F
d. T
e. F
Pharmacological adverse-effects of hyoscine include:
a. dry mouth
b. bradycardia
c. diarrhoea
d. abdominal spasms
e. urinary retention
a. T
b. F
c. F
d. F
e. T
a. furosemide works on the loop of Henle
b. hydrochlorothiazide causes hypokalaemia as an adverse-effect
c. amiloride causes hypokalaemia as an adverse-effect
d. indapamide is a high ceiling diuretic
e. spironolactone causes gynaecomastia as an adverse-effect
a. T
b. T
c. F. Potassium sparing diuretic
d. F. Low ceiling
e. T. Inhibits testosterone synthesis
Bisoprolol is:
a. a non-selective β-adrenoceptor blocker
b. used for the treatment of cardiac failure
c. used to control hypoglycaemic episodes in diabetics
d. contraindicated in asthma
e. more β1-selective at higher doses
a. F. B1 selective
b. T
c. F
d. T
e. F less selective
a. amlodipine - calcium channel blockade
b. glyceryl trinitrate - blocks Na+/K+ exchange in the collecting duct
c. enalapril - angiotensin-1 to angiotensin-2 conversion blockade
d. valsartan - blocks Na+/K+/Cl- transporter in the ascending limb
e. bezafibrate - HMG co-A reductase inhibitor
a. T
b. F. Nitrate, blocker
c. T. ACE inhibitor
d. F. ARB
e. F. Statins inhibit HMG
a. protamine sulfate blocks the action of warfarin
b. heparin enhances antithrombin IV activity
c. aspirin is used for the long-term prevention of stroke
d. tranexamic acid causes pulmonary emboli
e. streptokinase degrades fibrin thrombi
a. F. Blocks the activity of heparin
b. F. Antithromibin III
c. T
d. T
e. T
a. prednisone inhibits COX-I and COX-II
b. phospholipase A2 is stimulated by lipocortin
c. beclomethasone is given to asthmatic patients to reduce inflammation
d. cortisone will precipitate allergic reactions
e. corticosteroids modify enzyme activity
a. F Cox II
b. F. Inhibited
c. T
d. F. There is a change
e. T
a. corticosteroids have an anabolic effect on muscles and are used as muscle bulkers
b. long-term treatment with prednisone causes dysregulation of the HPA-axis
c. hydrocortisone stimulates bone growth in children
d. glucose levels are elevated with corticosteroid treatment
e. a “moon face” and “buffalo hump” are characteristic of long-term prednisone treatment
a. F
b. T
c. F
d. T
e. T
a. NSAIDs inhibit lipocortin
b. ibuprofen is an effective anticoagulant
c. meloxicam selectively inhibits COX-II enzyme
d. indomethacin can precipitate bronchospasm in an asthmatic patient
e. diclofenac is more likely than celecoxib to cause gastric ulceration
a. F
b. F
c. F
d. F
e. T
Paracetamol
a. is an effective antipyretic in children with bacterial infections
b. is preferred to diclofenac when treating rheumatoid arthritis
c. is safe in overdose
d. inhibits COX-III
e. is a safe anticoagulant in hypertensive patients
a. T
b. F
c. F
d. F
e. F
Opioids
a. propoxyphene antagonises the analgesic effects of paracetamol
b. naloxone reverses the respiratory depressant effects of morphine
c. codeine is a more potent analgesic than fentanyl
d. tolerance develops to euphoria before miosis
e. tramadol blocks the reuptake of serotonin
a. F
b. T
c. F
d. T
e. T. Causes serotonin syndrome
Adverse-effects associated with morphine
a. insomnia
b. urine voiding
c. pruritus
d. emesis
e. diarrhoea
a. F. drowsiness
b. F. Retention
c. T
d. T
e. F
