Passmed - Paeds Key Facts

Question 1

Passage of meconium should occur within how many hours of birth?

Answer 1

Passage of meconium after 48 hours is a red flag

Question 2

At what age should children be able to competently use a knife and fork?

Answer 2

Children should be able to competently use a knife and fork at age 5-years

Question 3

Ix for pyloric stenosis?

Answer 3

The key investigation in pyloric stenosis is ultrasound

Question 4

Prodrome symptom of chicken pox?

Answer 4

Chickenpox has a prodrome of raised temperature before the rash begins on the torso and face

Question 5

Cyanosis or collapse in first month of life, hypercyanotic spells. Ejection systolic murmur at left sternal edge. Dx?

Answer 5

Tetralogy of Fallot: Cyanosis or collapse in first month of life, hypercyanotic spells. Ejection systolic murmur at left sternal edge

Question 6

Hirschprung’s initial management?

Answer 6

The initial management in Hirschprung’s disease is rectal washouts/bowel irrigation

Question 7

A baby is noted to have micrognathia and a cleft palate. He is placed prone due to upper airway obstruction. There is no family history of similar problems - Dx?

Answer 7

A baby is noted to have micrognathia and a cleft palate. He is placed prone due to upper airway obstruction. There is no family history of similar problems - Pierre-Robin syndrome

Question 8

What is Ebstein’s anomaly?

Answer 8

Ebstein’s anomaly - ‘atrialisation’ of the right ventricle

Question 9

Tx of hand foot and mouth?

Answer 9

Hand, foot and mouth disease requires symptomatic treatment only

Question 10

Rotavirus is what type of vaccine?

Answer 10

Rotavirus is an oral, live attenuated vaccine

Question 11

DDH in a child >4.5 months: what is the first-line investigation?

Answer 11

DDH in a child >4.5 months: x-ray is the first-line investigation

Question 12

ALL Px?

Answer 12

ALL is the most common childhood leukaemia and presents with anaemia, neutropaenia and thrombocytopaenia

Question 13

Likely diagnosis:
Cyanotic congenital heart disease presenting within the first days of life is what?
Cyanotic congenital heart disease presenting at 1-2 months of age is what?

Answer 13

Cyanotic congenital heart disease presenting within the first days of life is TGA.
Cyanotic congenital heart disease presenting at 1-2 months of age is TOF.

Question 14

What are the 12-13 months immunisations?

Answer 14

12-13 months immunisations: Hib/Men C + MMR + PCV + Men B

Question 15

Umbilical hernias: Mx if persistent?

Answer 15

Umbilical hernias: Usually self-resolve, but if large or symptomatic perform elective repair at 2-3 years of age. If small and asymptomatic perform elective repair at 4-5 years of age.

Question 16

What gender is a risk factor for developmental dysplasia of hip?

Answer 16

Female sex is a risk factor for developmental dysplasia of hip

Question 17

When is the oral rotavirus vaccine given?

Answer 17

The oral rotavirus vaccine is given at 2 months + 3 months

Question 18

Chest x-ray shows a ‘boot-shaped’ heart, Dx?

Answer 18

Chest x-ray shows a ‘boot-shaped’ heart in patients with Tetralogy of Fallot

Question 19

What are the early plain x-ray changes in Perthes Disease?

Answer 19

Early plain x-ray changes in Perthes Disease:
Widening of the joint space.
Sub chondral linear lucency.

Question 20

Turner’s syndrome is associated with what murmur?

Answer 20

Turner’s syndrome is associated with an ejection systolic murmur due to bicuspid aortic valve

Question 21

Ambiguous genetalia - what is the most common cause in newborns?

Answer 21

Ambiguous genetalia - congenital adrenal hyperplasia is most common cause in newborns

Question 22

Major risk factors for SIDS?

Answer 22

The major risk factors for SIDS are:
prone sleeping
parental smoking
bed sharing
hyperthermia and head covering
prematurity

Question 23

A baby is born with microcephaly, small eyes, low-set ears, cleft lip and polydactyly - Dx?

Answer 23

A baby is born with microcephaly, small eyes, low-set ears, cleft lip and polydactyly - Patau syndrome

Question 24

Down syndrome is associated with hyper- or hypothyroidism?

Answer 24

Down syndrome is associated with hypothyroidism

Question 25

When is the Men B vaccine given?

Answer 25

The Men B vaccine is given at 2, 4 and 12-13 months.

Question 26

A normal pCO2 in an acute asthma attack indicates what?

Answer 26

A normal pCO2 in an acute asthma attack indicates it is life-threatening

Question 27

Newborns with a positive heel prick for CF - what is the next Ix to confirm CF?

Answer 27

Newborns with a positive heel prick for CF, i.e. they have a raised immunoreactive trypsinogen (IRT) result, get a sweat test, which will be high if they have CF

Question 28

A baby is born with micrognathia, low-set ears, rocker bottom feet and overlapping of fingers - Dx?

Answer 28

A baby is born with micrognathia, low-set ears, rocker bottom feet and overlapping of fingers - Edward’s syndrome

Question 29

X-linked recessive conditions - can there be male-to-male transmission?

Answer 29

X-linked recessive conditions - no male-to-male transmission

Question 30

Differentiating reflex anoxic seizures from epileptic seizures?

Answer 30

Reflex anoxic seizures have a rapid recovery unlike epileptic seizures

Question 31

Characteristic rash of scarlet fever?

Answer 31

Scarlet fever is characterised by a sandpaper rash

Question 32

What is caput succedaneum?

Answer 32

Caput succedaneum is a puffy swelling that usually occurs over the presenting part and crosses suture lines

Question 33

Perthes’ disease cause and Px?

Answer 33

Perthes disease is caused by avascular necrosis of the femoral head - it presents with progressive hip pain, limp and stiffness

Question 34

High fever lasting >5 days, red palms with desquamation and strawberry tongue are indicative of what condition?

Answer 34

High fever lasting >5 days, red palms with desquamation and strawberry tongue are indicative of Kawasaki disease

Question 35

In paediatric basic life support, the ratio of compressions to breaths is what?

Answer 35

In paediatric basic life support, the ratio of compressions to breaths is 15:2

Question 36

What Ix should be avoided in meningococcal septicaemia?

Answer 36

Meningococcal septicaemia is a contraindication to a lumbar puncture

Question 37

The MMR vaccine is first given when?

Answer 37

The MMR vaccine is first given at 12-13 months

Question 38

Patent ductus arteriosus murmur?

Answer 38

Continuous machine-like

Question 39

Whooping cough - Mx if within 21 days of onset?

Answer 39

Whooping cough - azithromycin or clarithromycin if the onset of cough is within the previous 21 days

Question 40

Cephalohaematoma presentation?

Answer 40

Cephalohaematoma: Several hours after birth, doesn’t cross suture lines, can take months to resolve