Passmed - Paeds Key Facts Flashcards
Passage of meconium should occur within how many hours of birth?
Passage of meconium after 48 hours is a red flag
At what age should children be able to competently use a knife and fork?
Children should be able to competently use a knife and fork at age 5-years
Ix for pyloric stenosis?
The key investigation in pyloric stenosis is ultrasound
Prodrome symptom of chicken pox?
Chickenpox has a prodrome of raised temperature before the rash begins on the torso and face
Cyanosis or collapse in first month of life, hypercyanotic spells. Ejection systolic murmur at left sternal edge. Dx?
Tetralogy of Fallot: Cyanosis or collapse in first month of life, hypercyanotic spells. Ejection systolic murmur at left sternal edge
Hirschprung’s initial management?
The initial management in Hirschprung’s disease is rectal washouts/bowel irrigation
A baby is noted to have micrognathia and a cleft palate. He is placed prone due to upper airway obstruction. There is no family history of similar problems - Dx?
A baby is noted to have micrognathia and a cleft palate. He is placed prone due to upper airway obstruction. There is no family history of similar problems - Pierre-Robin syndrome
What is Ebstein’s anomaly?
Ebstein’s anomaly - ‘atrialisation’ of the right ventricle
Tx of hand foot and mouth?
Hand, foot and mouth disease requires symptomatic treatment only
Rotavirus is what type of vaccine?
Rotavirus is an oral, live attenuated vaccine
DDH in a child >4.5 months: what is the first-line investigation?
DDH in a child >4.5 months: x-ray is the first-line investigation
ALL Px?
ALL is the most common childhood leukaemia and presents with anaemia, neutropaenia and thrombocytopaenia
Likely diagnosis:
Cyanotic congenital heart disease presenting within the first days of life is what?
Cyanotic congenital heart disease presenting at 1-2 months of age is what?
Cyanotic congenital heart disease presenting within the first days of life is TGA.
Cyanotic congenital heart disease presenting at 1-2 months of age is TOF.
What are the 12-13 months immunisations?
12-13 months immunisations: Hib/Men C + MMR + PCV + Men B
Umbilical hernias: Mx if persistent?
Umbilical hernias: Usually self-resolve, but if large or symptomatic perform elective repair at 2-3 years of age. If small and asymptomatic perform elective repair at 4-5 years of age.
What gender is a risk factor for developmental dysplasia of hip?
Female sex is a risk factor for developmental dysplasia of hip
When is the oral rotavirus vaccine given?
The oral rotavirus vaccine is given at 2 months + 3 months
Chest x-ray shows a ‘boot-shaped’ heart, Dx?
Chest x-ray shows a ‘boot-shaped’ heart in patients with Tetralogy of Fallot
What are the early plain x-ray changes in Perthes Disease?
Early plain x-ray changes in Perthes Disease:
Widening of the joint space.
Sub chondral linear lucency.
Turner’s syndrome is associated with what murmur?
Turner’s syndrome is associated with an ejection systolic murmur due to bicuspid aortic valve
Ambiguous genetalia - what is the most common cause in newborns?
Ambiguous genetalia - congenital adrenal hyperplasia is most common cause in newborns
Major risk factors for SIDS?
The major risk factors for SIDS are: prone sleeping parental smoking bed sharing hyperthermia and head covering prematurity
A baby is born with microcephaly, small eyes, low-set ears, cleft lip and polydactyly - Dx?
A baby is born with microcephaly, small eyes, low-set ears, cleft lip and polydactyly - Patau syndrome
Down syndrome is associated with hyper- or hypothyroidism?
Down syndrome is associated with hypothyroidism
When is the Men B vaccine given?
The Men B vaccine is given at 2, 4 and 12-13 months.
A normal pCO2 in an acute asthma attack indicates what?
A normal pCO2 in an acute asthma attack indicates it is life-threatening
Newborns with a positive heel prick for CF - what is the next Ix to confirm CF?
Newborns with a positive heel prick for CF, i.e. they have a raised immunoreactive trypsinogen (IRT) result, get a sweat test, which will be high if they have CF
A baby is born with micrognathia, low-set ears, rocker bottom feet and overlapping of fingers - Dx?
A baby is born with micrognathia, low-set ears, rocker bottom feet and overlapping of fingers - Edward’s syndrome
X-linked recessive conditions - can there be male-to-male transmission?
X-linked recessive conditions - no male-to-male transmission
Differentiating reflex anoxic seizures from epileptic seizures?
Reflex anoxic seizures have a rapid recovery unlike epileptic seizures
Characteristic rash of scarlet fever?
Scarlet fever is characterised by a sandpaper rash
What is caput succedaneum?
Caput succedaneum is a puffy swelling that usually occurs over the presenting part and crosses suture lines
Perthes’ disease cause and Px?
Perthes disease is caused by avascular necrosis of the femoral head - it presents with progressive hip pain, limp and stiffness
High fever lasting >5 days, red palms with desquamation and strawberry tongue are indicative of what condition?
High fever lasting >5 days, red palms with desquamation and strawberry tongue are indicative of Kawasaki disease
In paediatric basic life support, the ratio of compressions to breaths is what?
In paediatric basic life support, the ratio of compressions to breaths is 15:2
What Ix should be avoided in meningococcal septicaemia?
Meningococcal septicaemia is a contraindication to a lumbar puncture
The MMR vaccine is first given when?
The MMR vaccine is first given at 12-13 months
Patent ductus arteriosus murmur?
Continuous machine-like
Whooping cough - Mx if within 21 days of onset?
Whooping cough - azithromycin or clarithromycin if the onset of cough is within the previous 21 days
Cephalohaematoma presentation?
Cephalohaematoma: Several hours after birth, doesn’t cross suture lines, can take months to resolve
