Passmed - ENT key facts Flashcards
Common cause of bacterial otitis media?
Haemophilus influenzae is a common cause of bacterial otitis media
Branchial cysts Px?
A branchial cyst is typically a benign, lateral, unilateral neck mass
Sudden onset horizontal nystagmus, hearing disturbances, nausea, vomiting and vertigo - likely Dx?
Acute viral labrynthitis: sudden onset horizontal nystagmus, hearing disturbances, nausea, vomiting and vertigo
What is the most suitable management option for epistaxis where the bleed site is difficult to localise?
Anterior packing is the most suitable management option for epistaxis where the bleed site is difficult to localise
BPPV diagnostic and management manoeuvres?
BPPV
Dix-Hallpike manoeuvre is diagnostic
Epley manoeuvre is for treatment
Neck cyst containing cholesterol crystals on FNA?
Branchial cysts characteristically contain cholesterol crystals
Complications of thyroid surgery in terms of calcium levels?
Complications of thyroid surgery - damage to parathyroid glands can result in hypocalcaemia
Facial pain worse on leaning forward?
Facial pain worse on leaning forward - think sinusitis
Gingival hyperplasia causes?
Gingival hyperplasia: phenytoin, ciclosporin, calcium channel blockers and AML
Mx of haemorrhage 5-10 days after tonsillectomy?
Haemorrhage 5-10 days after tonsillectomy is commonly associated with a wound infection and should therefore be treated with antibiotics
If a perforated tympanic membrane does not heal by itself what is Mx?
If a perforated tympanic membrane does not heal by itself a myringoplasty may be performed
In a penicillin-allergic patient, alternative to phenoxymethylpenicillin for a bacterial sore throat?
In a penicillin-allergic patient, 7 or 10 days of erythromycin is a suitable alternative to phenoxymethylpenicillin for a bacterial sore throat
Vertigo occurs spontaneously. Episodes last for minutes to hours, and are accompanied by unilateral hearing loss and tinnitus, Dx?
In Meniere’s disease, vertigo occurs spontaneously. Episodes last for minutes to hours, and are accompanied by unilateral hearing loss and tinnitus
In patients with chronic or recurrent ear discharge, ensure the attic is visualised to exclude cholesteatoma
In patients with chronic or recurrent ear discharge, ensure the attic is visualised to exclude cholesteatoma
When would intranasal steroids be considered for sinusitis?
Intranasal steroids should only be considered for sinusitis if symptoms have persisted for 10 days or more
Most common site of epistaxis?
Little’s area
Otitis externa in diabetics: treat with what antibiotic?
Otitis externa in diabetics: treat with ciprofloxacin to cover Pseudomonas
Otosclerosis Px?
Otosclerosis causes bilateral, conductive pattern hearing loss, sometimes with associated tinnitus
Otosclerosis precipitant?
Otosclerosis may be precipitated by pregnancy in those who are genetically predisposed
Otosclerosis is an autosomal dominant cause of deafness affecting young adults
Persistent unexplained hoarseness in a patient aged >45 years old: Mx?
Persistent unexplained hoarseness in a patient aged >45 years old: consider urgent referral to ENT
Presbycusis presents with what kind of hearing loss?
Presbycusis presents with bilateral high-frequency hearing loss
Primary haemorrhage within hours after tonsillectomy requires what Mx?
Primary haemorrhage within hours after tonsillectomy requires immediate return to theatre
Mx of acute phase of vestibular neuronitis?
Prochlorperazine may be useful in the acute phase of vestibular neuronitis, but should be stopped after a few days as it delays recovery by interfering with central compensatory mechanisms
Quinsy Mx?
Quinsy should be treated with IV antibiotics and surgical drainage, and a tonsillectomy should be considered in 6 weeks
What is Rhinitis medicamentosa?
Rhinitis medicamentosa is a condition of rebound nasal congestion brought on by extended use of topical decongestants
What is Samter’s triad?
Samter’s triad = asthma + aspirin sensitivity + nasal polyposis
Tonsillar SCC is associated with what virus?
Tonsillar SCC is associated with HPV infection
Vestibular neuronitis Px?
Vestibular neuronitis is unilateral and does not affect hearing
