Passmed - ENT key facts Flashcards

1
Q

Common cause of bacterial otitis media?

A

Haemophilus influenzae is a common cause of bacterial otitis media

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2
Q

Branchial cysts Px?

A

A branchial cyst is typically a benign, lateral, unilateral neck mass

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3
Q

Sudden onset horizontal nystagmus, hearing disturbances, nausea, vomiting and vertigo - likely Dx?

A

Acute viral labrynthitis: sudden onset horizontal nystagmus, hearing disturbances, nausea, vomiting and vertigo

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4
Q

What is the most suitable management option for epistaxis where the bleed site is difficult to localise?

A

Anterior packing is the most suitable management option for epistaxis where the bleed site is difficult to localise

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5
Q

BPPV diagnostic and management manoeuvres?

A

BPPV
Dix-Hallpike manoeuvre is diagnostic
Epley manoeuvre is for treatment

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6
Q

Neck cyst containing cholesterol crystals on FNA?

A

Branchial cysts characteristically contain cholesterol crystals

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7
Q

Complications of thyroid surgery in terms of calcium levels?

A

Complications of thyroid surgery - damage to parathyroid glands can result in hypocalcaemia

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8
Q

Facial pain worse on leaning forward?

A

Facial pain worse on leaning forward - think sinusitis

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9
Q

Gingival hyperplasia causes?

A

Gingival hyperplasia: phenytoin, ciclosporin, calcium channel blockers and AML

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10
Q

Mx of haemorrhage 5-10 days after tonsillectomy?

A

Haemorrhage 5-10 days after tonsillectomy is commonly associated with a wound infection and should therefore be treated with antibiotics

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11
Q

If a perforated tympanic membrane does not heal by itself what is Mx?

A

If a perforated tympanic membrane does not heal by itself a myringoplasty may be performed

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12
Q

In a penicillin-allergic patient, alternative to phenoxymethylpenicillin for a bacterial sore throat?

A

In a penicillin-allergic patient, 7 or 10 days of erythromycin is a suitable alternative to phenoxymethylpenicillin for a bacterial sore throat

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13
Q

Vertigo occurs spontaneously. Episodes last for minutes to hours, and are accompanied by unilateral hearing loss and tinnitus, Dx?

A

In Meniere’s disease, vertigo occurs spontaneously. Episodes last for minutes to hours, and are accompanied by unilateral hearing loss and tinnitus

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14
Q

In patients with chronic or recurrent ear discharge, ensure the attic is visualised to exclude cholesteatoma

A

In patients with chronic or recurrent ear discharge, ensure the attic is visualised to exclude cholesteatoma

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15
Q

When would intranasal steroids be considered for sinusitis?

A

Intranasal steroids should only be considered for sinusitis if symptoms have persisted for 10 days or more

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16
Q

Most common site of epistaxis?

A

Little’s area

17
Q

Otitis externa in diabetics: treat with what antibiotic?

A

Otitis externa in diabetics: treat with ciprofloxacin to cover Pseudomonas

18
Q

Otosclerosis Px?

A

Otosclerosis causes bilateral, conductive pattern hearing loss, sometimes with associated tinnitus

19
Q

Otosclerosis precipitant?

A

Otosclerosis may be precipitated by pregnancy in those who are genetically predisposed
Otosclerosis is an autosomal dominant cause of deafness affecting young adults

20
Q

Persistent unexplained hoarseness in a patient aged >45 years old: Mx?

A

Persistent unexplained hoarseness in a patient aged >45 years old: consider urgent referral to ENT

21
Q

Presbycusis presents with what kind of hearing loss?

A

Presbycusis presents with bilateral high-frequency hearing loss

22
Q

Primary haemorrhage within hours after tonsillectomy requires what Mx?

A

Primary haemorrhage within hours after tonsillectomy requires immediate return to theatre

23
Q

Mx of acute phase of vestibular neuronitis?

A

Prochlorperazine may be useful in the acute phase of vestibular neuronitis, but should be stopped after a few days as it delays recovery by interfering with central compensatory mechanisms

24
Q

Quinsy Mx?

A

Quinsy should be treated with IV antibiotics and surgical drainage, and a tonsillectomy should be considered in 6 weeks

25
Q

What is Rhinitis medicamentosa?

A

Rhinitis medicamentosa is a condition of rebound nasal congestion brought on by extended use of topical decongestants

26
Q

What is Samter’s triad?

A

Samter’s triad = asthma + aspirin sensitivity + nasal polyposis

27
Q

Tonsillar SCC is associated with what virus?

A

Tonsillar SCC is associated with HPV infection

28
Q

Vestibular neuronitis Px?

A

Vestibular neuronitis is unilateral and does not affect hearing