passmed everything Flashcards
What condition is suggested when schistocytes are found in the blood?
Intravascuar haemolysis
What condition presents with
- headache with unilateral eye pain
- reduced vision and visual halo
- red congested eye with cloudy cornea
- dilated, unresponsive pupil
- precipitated by darkness or dilating drops?
Acute closed angle glaucoma
what condition presents with sudden painless loss of vision?
Central retinal vein occlusion
what condition presents with a thunderclap headache?
subarachnoid haemorrhage
What is the main function of the terminal ileum?
Absorption of vitamin B12 and bile salts
What do ‘linear burrows’ on the skin suggest?
Scabies
What is the treatment for scabies?
Permethrin
A ‘down and out’ eye may indicate a lesion involving which cranial nerve?
CN III
What does a cranial nerve lesion on CN III present with?
Dilated, fixed pupil
Down and out eye
Ptosis
What does a cranial nerve lesion on CN VI present with?
defective eye abduction and horizontal diplopia
What does a cranial nerve palsy on CN IV present with?
Defective downward gaze
Vertical diplopia
What nerve is the afferent limb of the pupillary light reflex?
CN II
What nerve is the efferent limb of the pupillary light reflex?
CN III
How does a middle cerebral artery stroke present?
Contralateral hemiparesis
Sensory loss with upper extremity more affected than lower
Contralateral homonymous hemianopia
How does an anterior cerebral artery present?
Contralateral hemiparesis
Sensory loss with lower extremity affected more
Disease of which lobe may cause auditory agnosia?
Temporal lobe
Disease of which lobe may call asterognosis?
Parietal lobe
Function of astrocytes?
Involved in physical repair
Help form blood brain barrier
Remove excess K+ ions
Provide physical support
Function of microglia?
Specialised CNS phagocytes
Conduction aphasia?
Speak fluently but difficulty repeating phrases.
Aware of mistakes and comprehension is normal
Wernicke’s aphasia is associated with which lobe?
Temporal
Femoral root nerves?
L2,L3,L4
What does the femoral nerve innervate?
Pectineus, sartorious, quadriceps femoris, , vastus lateralis/medialis/intermedius
What are the branches of femoral nerve?
Medial cutaneous nerve of thigh, saphenous nerve, intermediate cutaneous nerve of thigh
What are the roots of common reflexes?
S1-S2 buckle my shoe (ankle)
L3-L4 kick the door (knee)
C5-C6 pick up sticks (biceps)
C7-C8 shut the gate (triceps)
What is the opening for the inferior vena cava in the diaphragm?
T8
What is the opening for the oesophagus?
T10
What is the aortic opening?
T12
What nerve is affected if there is difficulty extending at the elbow and wrist?
Radial
What type of seizures are associated with olfactory hallucinations?
Temporal lobe seizures
What type of seizure would cause infrequent generalised seizures and daytime absences?
Juvenile myoclonic epilepsy
What type of symptoms causes paraesthesia?
Parietal lobe seizures
What type of seizures cause posturing and head/leg movements?
Frontal lobe seizure
What type of seizure causes flashes/floaters?
Occipital lobe seizure
What gene is affected in sporadic Alzheimer’s (no family history)?
APOE
What bacterium are most responsible for GBS?
Campylobacter jejuni and cytomegalovirus
