Passmed

Question 1

which roots form the median nerve?

Answer 1

C5,6,7 from the lateral and C8, T1 from the lateral cords of the brachial plexus

Question 2

what is the pathway of the median nerve?

Answer 2

passes between the 2 heads of pronator teres and runs deep on the surface of flexor digitorum superficialis

Question 3

the middle meningeal artery runs through which foramen before supplying the dura matter?

Answer 3

foramen spinosum

Question 4

what is the most likely cause of an extradural haematoma?

Answer 4

rupture of the middle meningeal artery

Question 5

which cord of the brachial plexus does the ulnar nerve arise from?

Answer 5

medial cord

C8 + T1

Question 6

which sensory area does the ulnar nerve supply?

Answer 6

medial 1 1/2 fingers (palmar and dorsal aspects)

Question 7

explain the ROSIER score ?

Answer 7

used for assessing stroke
LOS -1
seizure -1
asymmetrical facial weakness +1
asymmetrical arm weaknkess +1
asymmetrical leg weakness +1
speech disturbance +1
visual field defect +1

Question 8

what is the first investigation for a suspected stroke?

Answer 8

non-contrast CT head scan

Question 9

what is the mneumonic for exit of branches of trigeminal nerve from the skull?

Answer 9

VI - superior orbital fissue
V2 - foramen rotundum
V3 - foramen ovale

standing room only

Question 10

which receptors do opioids act on?

Answer 10

mu, delta and kappa

Question 11

what are the characteristic features of an acoustic neuroma?

Answer 11

vertigo, hearing loss, tinnitus, absent corneal reflex

Question 12

when are bilateral acoustic neuromas seen?

Answer 12

NF2

Question 13

1st line investigation for acoustic neuroma?

Answer 13

MRI of cerebellopontine angle

Question 14

which area and muscles does the obturator nerve supply?

Answer 14

medial compartment of thigh

external obturator, adductor longus, adductor brevis, adductor magnus and gravilis

Question 15

what is wernicke’s (receptive) aphasia and where is the lesion?

Answer 15

• lesion of the superior temporal gyrus (supplied by the inferior division of the left MCA)
• this area ‘forms’ the speech before ‘sending’ it to broca’s area
• lesions result in sentences making no sense but speech remains fluent
• comprehension is impaired

Question 16

what is Broca’s (expressive) aphasia and where is the lesion?

Answer 16

• lesion of inferior frontal gyrus (supplied by the superior division of the left MCA)
• speech is non-fluent, laboured and halting
• comprehension is normal

Question 17

what is conduction aphasia and where is the lesion?

Answer 17

• stroke affecting the arcuate fasiculus (the connection between Wernicke’s and Broca’s area)
• speech is fluent but repetition is poor
• aware of errors they’re making
• comprehension is normal

Question 18

what are the 4 areas of the dura mater?

Answer 18

falx cerebri - separates the cerebral hemispheres
tentorium cerebelli - separates the occipital lobes from cerebellum
falx cerebelli, vertical folding - separates the cerebellar hemispheres
diaphragma sellae - covers the pituitary gland and sella turcica

Question 19

which area of the brain degenerates in huntinton’s disease?

Answer 19

the caudate nucleus