PASSMED

Question 1

THE 9;22 translocation forms what gene

Answer 1

bcr- alb

Question 2

Which of theleukaemias is most commonly associated with low neutrophil count?

Answer 2

acute myeloid leukemia

Question 3

The most common form of leukaemia in adults is ….?

Answer 3

CLL

Question 4

schistocytes ( helmet cells) are typical of ..?

Answer 4

intravascular haemolyssi

Question 5

what is used for prophylaxis in sick cell patients

Answer 5

hydroxyurea

Question 6

why is b12 needed in the immune system

Answer 6

• for the myelination of nerves

Question 7

2 main causes of megaloblastic macrocytic anaemia

Answer 7

b12 def
folate def

Question 8

chronic alcohol use can cause ?

Answer 8

sideroblastic anaemia
- frequent alcohol causes b6 def leading to abnormal heme production
- causing SA

Question 9

define autoimmune haemolytic anaemia

Answer 9

Autoimmune haemolytic anaemia (AIHA) may be divided in to ‘warm’ and ‘cold’ types, according to at what temperature the antibodies best cause haemolysis.

Question 10

is warm or cold type more common

Answer 10

warm

Question 11

specific features of autoimmune haemolytic anaemia

Answer 11

positive direct antiglobulin test (Coombs’ test).

Question 12

pathophysiology of sickle cell anaemia

Answer 12

Sickle cell anaemia is an autosomal recessive condition where glutamic acid is replaced by valine on the 6th position of the β chain.

Question 13

Pathophysiology of alpha thalassaemia

Answer 13

hb has 4 alpha chains
symptomatic when two or more copies are lost
two defective- mild
4 defective- life threatning , lack of alpha globin results in excess gamma chains which are poor carriers of oxygen

Question 14

lifespan of a platelet

Answer 14

7-10 days

Question 15

pathophysiology of cold autoimmune haemolytic anaemia

Answer 15

IgM mediated autoimmune condition
- characterised by the production of autoantibodies against erythrocytes that bind at temperatures colder than body temperature

Question 16

SLE is assocaited with what type of anaemia

Answer 16

Warm auto immune haemolytic anaemia

Question 17

what is more severe Hbsc or HBSS

Answer 17

HBSS

Question 18

most common organisms isolated from patients with bronchiectasis

Answer 18

haemophilus influenzae - mc
p aeruginosa
klebs
s pneumoniae

Question 19

patient with recurrent bronchiectasis should be treated with ?

Answer 19

prophylactic abx

Question 20

myellofibrosis would present with and appear on histology as ?

Answer 20

anaemia, leucocytosis and thrombocytoss
massive splenomegaly
teardrop poikilocytes

Question 21

immune idiopathic purpura is characterised by

Answer 21

• isolated thrombocytopenia
• destruction of platelets
• oral prednisolone as first line tx

Question 22

burkitts lymphoma is assocaited with what gene translocation ?

Answer 22

c- myc gene usually 8:14

Question 23

management of burkitts may cause

Answer 23

tumor lysis syndrome

Question 24

lab investigation for hodgkins would show ?

Answer 24

• normocytic anaemia
• eosinophilia
• ldh raised

Question 25

pain in lymph node when consuming alcohol would be suggestive of?

Answer 25

hodgkins lymphoma

Question 26

how does myeloma cause hypercalcaemia

Answer 26

increased osteoclast activity in response to cytokines released by the myeloma cells

Question 27

what is dic

Answer 27

Simultaneous coagulation and haemorrhage caused by the initial formation of thrombi which consume clotting factors (factors 5,8) and platelets, ultimately leading to bleeding.

Question 28

a high d dimer would suggest ?

Answer 28

the body is working hard to disperse clots

Question 29

blood tests for DIC would show

Answer 29

prolonged clotting times, thrombocytopenia, decreased fibrinogen, increased fibrinogen degradation products

Question 30

does haemophillia affect bleeding time

Answer 30

no only elevated aptt

Question 31

what can cause vit k def

Answer 31

prolonged use of abx

Question 32

what is something specific you would see in thalassaemia

Answer 32

pronounced forehead malar eminences

Question 33

Alpha globin is coded for on what chromosom

Answer 33

16

Question 34

beta globin is coded for on what chromosome

Answer 34

11

Question 35

what type of anaemia is SLE commonly associated with

Answer 35

warm type autoimmune haemolytic anaemia

Question 36

mutation for Polycythemia

Answer 36

jak2

Question 37

common presentation for polycythemia

Answer 37

Very itchy after hot bath or shower with anaemia, headaches, dizziness

Question 38

thrombocytopenia, raised PT), and has a blood film showing promyelocytes with Auer rods is indicativ e of

Answer 38

Dic

Question 39

starry sky appearance?

Answer 39

burkitt lymphoma

Question 40

burrkitt lymphoma is linked to what virus

Answer 40

epstein barr virus

Question 41

SMUDGE CELLS

Answer 41

CML

Question 42

AUER RODS

Answer 42

AML

Question 43

what blood film is associated with megaloblastic anaemia

Answer 43

hypersegmented neutrophil polymorphs

Question 44

SE of ferrour sulphate

Answer 44

black stools

Question 45

pharmacological treatment for CML and its mechanism of action.

Answer 45

Progression to AML and you would find AUER RODS