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Haemotology > PASSMED > Flashcards

PASSMED Flashcards

1
Q

THE 9;22 translocation forms what gene

A

bcr- alb

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2
Q

Which of theleukaemias is most commonly associated with low neutrophil count?

A

acute myeloid leukemia

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3
Q

The most common form of leukaemia in adults is ….?

A

CLL

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4
Q

schistocytes ( helmet cells) are typical of ..?

A

intravascular haemolyssi

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5
Q

what is used for prophylaxis in sick cell patients

A

hydroxyurea

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6
Q

why is b12 needed in the immune system

A
  • for the myelination of nerves
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7
Q

2 main causes of megaloblastic macrocytic anaemia

A

b12 def
folate def

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8
Q

chronic alcohol use can cause ?

A

sideroblastic anaemia
- frequent alcohol causes b6 def leading to abnormal heme production
- causing SA

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9
Q

define autoimmune haemolytic anaemia

A

Autoimmune haemolytic anaemia (AIHA) may be divided in to ‘warm’ and ‘cold’ types, according to at what temperature the antibodies best cause haemolysis.

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10
Q

is warm or cold type more common

A

warm

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11
Q

specific features of autoimmune haemolytic anaemia

A

positive direct antiglobulin test (Coombs’ test).

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12
Q

pathophysiology of sickle cell anaemia

A

Sickle cell anaemia is an autosomal recessive condition where glutamic acid is replaced by valine on the 6th position of the β chain.

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13
Q

Pathophysiology of alpha thalassaemia

A

hb has 4 alpha chains
symptomatic when two or more copies are lost
two defective- mild
4 defective- life threatning , lack of alpha globin results in excess gamma chains which are poor carriers of oxygen

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14
Q

lifespan of a platelet

A

7-10 days

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15
Q

pathophysiology of cold autoimmune haemolytic anaemia

A

IgM mediated autoimmune condition
- characterised by the production of autoantibodies against erythrocytes that bind at temperatures colder than body temperature

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16
Q

SLE is assocaited with what type of anaemia

A

Warm auto immune haemolytic anaemia

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17
Q

what is more severe Hbsc or HBSS

A

HBSS

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18
Q

most common organisms isolated from patients with bronchiectasis

A

haemophilus influenzae - mc
p aeruginosa
klebs
s pneumoniae

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19
Q

patient with recurrent bronchiectasis should be treated with ?

A

prophylactic abx

20
Q

myellofibrosis would present with and appear on histology as ?

A

anaemia, leucocytosis and thrombocytoss
massive splenomegaly
teardrop poikilocytes

21
Q

immune idiopathic purpura is characterised by

A
  • isolated thrombocytopenia
  • destruction of platelets
  • oral prednisolone as first line tx
22
Q

burkitts lymphoma is assocaited with what gene translocation ?

A

c- myc gene usually 8:14

23
Q

management of burkitts may cause

A

tumor lysis syndrome

24
Q

lab investigation for hodgkins would show ?

A
  • normocytic anaemia
  • eosinophilia
  • ldh raised
25
Q

pain in lymph node when consuming alcohol would be suggestive of?

A

hodgkins lymphoma

26
Q

how does myeloma cause hypercalcaemia

A

increased osteoclast activity in response to cytokines released by the myeloma cells

27
Q

what is dic

A

Simultaneous coagulation and haemorrhage caused by the initial formation of thrombi which consume clotting factors (factors 5,8) and platelets, ultimately leading to bleeding.

28
Q

a high d dimer would suggest ?

A

the body is working hard to disperse clots

29
Q

blood tests for DIC would show

A

prolonged clotting times, thrombocytopenia, decreased fibrinogen, increased fibrinogen degradation products

30
Q

does haemophillia affect bleeding time

A

no only elevated aptt

31
Q

what can cause vit k def

A

prolonged use of abx

32
Q

what is something specific you would see in thalassaemia

A

pronounced forehead
malar eminences

33
Q

Alpha globin is coded for on what chromosom

A

16

34
Q

beta globin is coded for on what chromosome

A

11

35
Q

what type of anaemia is SLE commonly associated with

A

warm type autoimmune haemolytic anaemia

36
Q

mutation for Polycythemia

A

jak2

37
Q

common presentation for polycythemia

A

Very itchy after hot bath or shower with anaemia, headaches, dizziness

38
Q

thrombocytopenia, raised PT), and has a blood film showing promyelocytes with Auer rods is indicativ e of

A

Dic

39
Q

starry sky appearance?

A

burkitt lymphoma

40
Q

burrkitt lymphoma is linked to what virus

A

epstein barr virus

41
Q

SMUDGE CELLS

A

CML

42
Q

AUER RODS

A

AML

43
Q

what blood film is associated with megaloblastic anaemia

A

hypersegmented neutrophil polymorphs

44
Q

SE of ferrour sulphate

A

black stools

45
Q

pharmacological treatment for CML and its mechanism of action.

A

Progression to AML and you would find AUER RODS

Haemotology (7 decks)

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