Passage Tidbits To Remember

Question 1

All viruses gain entry into the cell through_____

Answer 1

Recognition of cell-surface proteins by viral proteins

Question 2

Why would tumor cells be more likely by affected by a gene that disrupts DNA replication?

Answer 2

Because tumor cells divide mitotically at a faster rate than normal cells

Question 3

How might Antibodies act against foreign particles?

Answer 3

1. May cost a foreign particle so that it is taken up by phagocytic cells
2. May bind to a foreign particle, interfering with its function
3. May elicit a cascade leading to the lysis of foreign cells

Question 4

Cells not actively dividing

Answer 4

T cell (must be stimulated by antigen and appropriate chemical signals to begin proliferating)
RBC
Neuron

Question 5

of high energy phosphate bonds per amino acids =

Answer 5

4n - 1

n= number of amino acids in the peptide

Question 6

Are N-terminal AA formylated in prokaryotes?

Answer 6

Yes

Question 7

How many different 70S densities can be found when bacteria is allowed to grow/ do protein synthesis?

Answer 7

Ribosomes dissociate between rounds of translation. There would be some all-light ribosomes, some all-heavy, some with 30S light/50 S heavy units, some with 50S light/30S heavy units
4 different densities

Question 8

What is essential for translation?

Answer 8

Hydrogen bonds between tRNA and mRNA

Question 9

Can proteins spontaneously retold following denaturation?

Answer 9

No

Question 10

What protein-protein interactions allow prion aggregation?

Answer 10

Tertiary and Quaternary

Question 11

Shine-Dalgarno sequences

Answer 11

Ribosome binding site in Prokaryotic RNA

Would not be found in eukaryotes

Question 12

Prions

Answer 12

Highly stable aggregates of misfolded protein
Highly resistant to proteolysis 
Self replicating 
Long incubation period 
Destruction of neurons

Question 13

Viroids

Answer 13

Single-stranded small circular RNA 
Self complementarity 
Lack capsids 
Catalytic, produce siRNA 
RNA-dependent RNA polymerase

Question 14

Lymph nodes

Answer 14

site of B cell and T cell proliferation

Question 15

saponification of triglycerides yields:

Answer 15

glycerol

fatty acid salts

Question 16

Which mutation would be most likely to convert a proto-oncogene into an oncogene?

Answer 16

Missense

b/c it doesn’t really change the protein function but does cause a mutation

Question 17

amphoteric

Answer 17

act as an acid/base

Question 18

amphiphatic

Answer 18

hydrophobic/hydrophilic

Question 19

What type of muscle is the diaphragm?

Answer 19

skeletal

Question 20

what is the role of small ribosomal unit?

Answer 20

initiate translation by recognition of t-Met

Question 21

Which primer is most suitable for PCR?

Answer 21

suitable primers have high GC content and have G or C base pairs at 5’ and 3’ ends

Question 22

What type of proteins are used during protein synthesis?

Answer 22

L-amino acids

Question 23

What happens to protein synthesis when you add D-amino acid?

Answer 23

inhibited

Question 24

If the GAPDH gene is continuously expressed, where is it most likely found?

Answer 24

in euchromatin

Question 25

Euchromatin

Answer 25

loose conformation of DNA that is readily accessible for transcription factors
genes that need to be continually expressed will be here

Question 26

Carbonic anhydrase

Answer 26

RBC enzyme
converts CO2 to H2CO3 and back to CO2
gets CO2 out of the tissue and into the lungs

Question 27

Lung capillaries are so narrow that RBCs must pass through them in single file. This feature aids respiration by

Answer 27

allowing maximum exposure of each RBC to diffusing gases (more surface area)