pass quizzes Flashcards
Which one of the following abnormalities refers to a fetus with a significantly narrow diameter of the chest?
Asphyxiating thoracic dystrophy
The most important determinant for fetal viability is which one of the following?
Pulmonary development
Chest circumference measurements are made in the transverse plane at the level of which one of the following?
Four-chamber view of the heart
Which one of the following statements about fetal breathing is false?
Breathing is absent if no fetal activity is noted during a 2-minute period.
The average cardiac axis is ______ degrees.
45
Common abnormalities associated with pulmonary hypoplasia include all of the following except:
except - Macrosomia
*the abnormalities are: renal agenesis, dysplastic growth of the kidney, oligohydramnios, urinary outlet obstruction, loss or reduction of amniotic fluid
Diaphragmatic hernias may occur anteriorly and medially in the diaphragm through the foramen of ______________.
Morgagni
Which one of the following lung cysts detected prenatally is the most common?
Bronchogenic cyst
The severity of pulmonary hypoplasia depends on which one of the following?
When it occurs during pregnancy
The supernumerary lobe of the lung is called which one of the following?
Pulmonary sequestration
Normal sonographic appearances of the fetal chest include all of the following except:
Lungs serve as the medial borders for the heart.
The normal fetal lungs appear on ultrasound as which one of the following?
Homogeneous with moderate echogenicity
When fetal pleural effusion is encountered, a careful search of the _________ should be attempted.
Diaphragm
Congenital bronchial atresia is found most commonly in the __________ lobe.
Left upper
The most common type of diaphragmatic defect occurs:
Posteriorly and laterally
Herniation through the foramen of Bochdalek is usually found on which one of the following portions of the diaphragm?
left
Abnormalities within the thoracic cavity include all of the following except:
Brachial cleft cyst
Which one of the following does not describe sonographic features of a right-sided diaphragmatic hernia?
The stomach lies superior to the diaphragm.
The mortality rate at birth for the fetus with a diaphragmatic hernia is_______.
High
The presence of a pleural effusion may cause which one of the following to occur?
A shift of mediastinal structures
The rupture of the amnion that leads to entrapment or entanglement of the fetal parts by the “sticky” chorion is called which one of the following?
Amniotic band syndrome
A defect in the lower abdominal wall and anterior wall of the urinary bladder is which one of the following?
Cloacal exstrophy
An anomaly with large cranial defects, facial cleft, large body-wall defects, and limb abnormalities is called which one of the following?
Limb–body wall complex
Evaluation of the fetal abdominal wall that demonstrates evisceration of the bowel to the right of the umbilical cord is most representative of which one of the following?
Gastroschisis
Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome includes all of the following except:
Gastroschisis
Which of the following types of anterior abdominal wall defects are the most common?
Gastroschisis, umbilical hernia, and omphalocele
The five defects of pentalogy of Cantrell include which of the following?
Omphalocele, ectopic heart, distal sternum defect, diaphragmatic hernia, and pericardium defect
The normal embryologic herniation of the bowel permits which one of the following?
Development of the intraabdominal organs
The most dramatic finding in ectopia cordis is which one of the following?
Heart outside of the thoracic cavity
The herniation of an omphalocele is covered by a membrane that consists of the __________ and __________.
Amnion and peritoneum
A fetus with partial situs inversus demonstrates which of the following abnormalities?
Stomach is on the right, and the heart is on the left.
In a transverse image, evidence of the “double bubble” sign in a fetus with trisomy 21 represents which one of the following conditions?
Duodenal atresia
A cystic growth of the common bile duct is ______________.
Choledochal cyst
Haustral folds can be found within which one of the following structures?
Colon
A remnant of the proximal part of the yolk stalk is which one of the following?
Meckel diverticulum
Which one of the following statements about the fetal liver is incorrect?
The right lobe is larger than the left lobe.
A complex disorder of the bowel and genitourinary tract is called which one of the following abnormalities?
Anorectal atresia
Which one of the following describes complete situs inversus?
Heart is on the right, the liver is on the left, and the spleen is on the right.
VACTERL is a group of anomalies associated with which one of the following?
Esophageal atresia for E
A transposition of the liver and stomach, an absence of the gallbladder, multiple spleens, and a disruption of the inferior vena cava describes which one of the following conditions?
Polysplenia
Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome includes all of the following ?
Omphalocele
Macroglossia
Organomegaly
which of the following signs are characteristic of arnold-chiari malformation ?
banana and lemon shape
the absent of the cavum septum pellucidium is distinguishing characteristic of which one of the following fetal anormalities?
schizancephay
ventriculomegaly is defined as lateralventricular enlargement measuring greater than ___ ?
10 mm
which of the following abnormalities is the MOST common open neural tube defect?
anencephaly
which one of the following fetal head anomalies is characterized by the presence of a single primitive ventricle?
holoprocencephaly
a form of holoprosencephaly characterized by a commonventricle, hypotalorism, and a nose with a single nostril is which one of the following ?
cebocephaly
