Pass medicine learning points Flashcards
Antipsychotic side effects
Parkinsonism
Acute dystonia
Akathisia (restlessness)
Tardive dyskinesia (involuntary movements)
Charles bonnet risk factors
Peripheral visual impairment Advanced age Social isolation Sensory impairment Early cognitive impairment
How long before a PTSD diagnosis
2 months
Depression in winter
Seasonal affective disorder
Schizophrenia first rank symptoms
auditory hallucinations, thought disorders, passivity phenomena and delusional perceptions
Second rank symptoms of schizophrenia
impaired insight incongruity/blunting of affect (inappropriate emotion for circumstances) decreased speech neologisms: made-up words catatonia negative symptoms
What should you do if there are symptoms of mania in primary care
Urgent referral to community mental health team
How is mania different to hypomania
Mania is persistently elevated mood state with psychotic symptoms (hypomania is normally 7-10 days)
Describe schizotypal personality disorder
Patients diagnosed with schizotypal personality disorder lack close friends other than family and can have odd or eccentric behaviour, speech and beliefs
What is the difference between schizoid and schizotypal personality disorder
Both loners but schizoid don’t want sex whereas schizotypal are eccentric
Histiroinic personality disorder
Crave attention and are inappropriate
What is clozapine
Atypical antipsychotic
Clozapine side effects weight gain
weight gain excessive salivation agranulocytosis neutropenia myocarditis arrhythmias
Hyperkalaemia, low chloride, alkalotic
Bulimia nervosa
Rapid speech and topics but no connection
Knights move, schizophrenia
Rapid speech and topics but with a connection
Flight of ideas, bipolar, mania
SSRI SE
GI symptoms
Drug interactions
QT elongation
TCA SE
drowsiness dry mouth blurred vision constipation urinary retention lengthening of QT interval
After you’ve changed the lithium dose when do you need to recheck the levels
7 days and 12hours later
What class of antidepressant is venlafaxine
Serotonin and noradrenaline reuptake inhibitors
Clozapine life threatening SE
Agranulocytosis
Hand foot and mouth disease
Viral infection in a child. Mouth ulcers, rash on hands and feet. Sometimes legs and buttocks. Fever, anorexia, sore throat
Group B strep prophylaxis
BenPen IV
4 year constipation in child
Diet and exercise, osmotic laxative.
What is a red flag for hirschprungs disease
Passage of meconium after 48 hours, MEN2
Hip dysplasia red flags
Female Breech Family History Oligohydramnios Birth weight over 5kg
Which contraceptive can cause a delay in fertility returning
Progesterone only injection
What is the most effective form of emergency contraception
Copper intrauterine device (not affected by BMI)
Ovarian cyst early in pregnancy
normal
25-49 cervical screening frequency
3 years
50-65 cervical screening frequency
5 years
65+ cervical screening frequency
If they havent since 50
Child needs treatment for life and parents refuse what do you do
Have to give as best interests
Torticollis
wry neck, tight on one side, can be from haloperidol, example of acute dystonia
Paediatric life support how many compressions a minute
100-120
How does a threatened miscarriage present
painless per vaginal bleeding and a closed cervical os
Woman wants to concieve and has large fibroids treatment
Myomectomy
vomiting, dry skin, tiredness and raised B-hCG. Foetus large for date
Molar pregnancy
Meningitis in under 3 month olds what do you need to give in addition to cefotaxime to cover for listeria
Amoxicillin
menstrual disorders, infertility, acne, hirsutism, and metabolic syndrome.
PCOS
Obstetric cholestasis treatment
Ursodeoxycholic acid and vitamin K. Then delivery at 37 weeks to prevent still birth
When is the COCP contraindicated
before 6 weeks post partum
First rank schizophrenia symptoms
auditory hallucinations, thought disorders, passivity phenomena and delusional perceptions
ADHD treatment
Methylphenidate
Bronchiolitis peak incidence
3-6 months
Main bronchiolitis causative organism
RSV
Someone hasnt gone into labour and has had a sweep, whats next
Vaginal prostaglandin gel
What type of ovarian cancer causes endometrial hyperplasia
granulosa cell tumours
Akathesia
Severe restlessness
Ascending infection, back ache, losing cloudy liquid, slightly open os
Chorioamnionitis
Breech at 36+ weeks
External cephalic version
Initial management of hirschprungs
Bowel irrigation
What is the best measure of ovulation
28 day progesterone
Severe preeclampsia near term treatment
IV magnesium sulphate and plan immediate delivery
infants with symptoms of breathlessness worse on exertion (e.g. feeding), sweating, poor feeding and recurrent chest infections
Heart failure
Preceding infection, mild effusion, pain, stats normal
Transient synovitis, rest and analgesia
How do your cancer risks change with COCP
Higher breast and cervical rates
Lower ovarian and endometrial rates
How are depression and dementia different
Depression has a shorter and more rapid history
Common cause of microcephaly
Fetal alcohol syndrome
Lots of vomiting leads to what blood gas
Elevated bicarbonate, low K+, low Cl-
Fever, itchy. Face and trunk then spreads. Macular then papular then vesicular
Chicken pox
Prodrome, Koplik spots, rash starts behind ears then whole body. Discrete then becomes confluent
Measles
Fever, muscle pain. Parotitis (ear ache and pain on eating) unilateral then bilateral
Mumps
Face then body. Pink maculopapular. Facial lymphadenopathy
Rubella
Erythema infectiosum
Slapped cheek, Parvovirus B19, slapped cheek distribution spreads to proximal arms and extensors
GABHS, rash spares mouth, strawberry tongue
Scarlet fever
Coxsackie A16, vesicles in mouth and on palms and soles
Hand foot and mouth
Pulmonary hypoplasia can lead to
congenital diaphragmatic hernia
Fragile X head size
Larger than normal
Congential diaphragmatic tell tale sign on examination
Bowel signs on resp exam, intubate and ventilate
Most common causes of cyanotic heart disease
Tetralogy of fallot, transposition of the great arteries, tricuspid atresia
Acyanotic heart disease
VSD, ASD, PDA, Coarctation, AS
Turners syndrome heart sign
Ejection systolic as bicuspid aortic valve
Lithium overdose leads to which heart defect
Ebstein anomaly, atrialisation of right ventricle
APGAR
Pulse, Respiratory effort, colour, muscle tone, reflex irritability
Hypernatraemic dehydration
jittery movements increased muscle tone hyperreflexia convulsions drowsiness or coma
Abdo pain, draws knees up to chest, vomitting, blood in stool, sausage shaped mass RUQ
Intussusception (US Ix, target)
Cleft palate risk factors
Mothers benzo, antiepileptic, smoking or rubella. Childs trisomy 13, 15, 18
Fragile X
Neurodevelopmental delay, long face, protruding ears, recurrent ottitis media
Obesity in children
growth hormone deficiency hypothyroidism Down's syndrome Cushing's syndrome Prader-Willi syndrome
Jaundice but otherwise fine baby management
Urgent serum bilirubin