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Infectious Disease > Parvo and Papova Viruses > Flashcards

Parvo and Papova Viruses Flashcards

1
Q

papova viruses include what 3 subfamilies?

A
  1. papilloma viruses
  2. polyoma viruses
  3. simian vacuolating viruses
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2
Q

polyoma genome:

  • what type of RNA/DNA?
  • where does it replicate?
  • host range?
A

dsDNA covalently closed circular
replicates in the nucleus
narrow host range

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3
Q
  • isolated from monkey kidney cultures

- cause tumors in hamsters, not humans

A

SV-40

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4
Q

-isolated in 1971 in fetal human brain cultures inoculated with extracts of brains from people with PML

A

JC virus

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5
Q

-isolated from urine of immunocompromised patient in 1971, 80% of population infected with this virus

A

BK virus

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6
Q

genomic organization of polyomavirus?

  • structural proteins?
  • regions?
  • transcription?
A
  • 3 structural proteins VP1,VP2, VP3
  • dsDNA genome complexed with histones H2A, H2B, H3, H4
  • early and late regions, early transcribed after genome enters nucleus, late expressed after DNA replication has begun
  • transciption is bi-directional, early and late transcribed from opposite strands of DNA
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7
Q

early gene products of polyomavirus?

A

large t antigen, small t antigen

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8
Q

late gene products of polyomavirus?

A

VP1,2,3

  • VP1 interacts with host cell receptor
  • VP2 may interact with cell membrane
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9
Q
  • DNA binding protein: autoregulation of early mRNA, DNA synthesis initiation
  • helicase activity
  • interaction with tumor suppressor genes (Rb and p53)
  • induction of genomic instability
A

large T antigen

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10
Q

-dispensable for lytic cycle
-associates with regulatory and catalytic subunits of protein phosphatase 2A
-

A

small T antigen

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11
Q

T antigen binds _____ and releases the _____ transcription factors that induce expression of proteins such as cyclins A and E that promote cell cycle progression

A

pRB

E2F

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12
Q

t antigen also promotes transcription of p19ARF that acts to stabilize _______ through the protein _____ that controls turnover. inactivated upon t antigen binding, where it usually inhibits the cell cycle

A

p53

MDM2

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13
Q

JCV disease:

  • enters through?
  • persists in?
  • persists indefinitely in?
  • is the cause of what disease?
A
  • enters through respiratory tract
  • persists in B lymphocytes, also brain
  • indefinitely in kidney
  • cause of PML, a rare demyelinating disease of the CNS
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14
Q

JCV disease

  • most often seen in what patient population?
  • symptoms?
  • target cell in the CNS?
A
  • immunocompromised (AIDS, Hodgkins, TB, etc)
  • symptoms are imparied speech and vision, mental deterioration, paralysis of limbs, blindness, sensory abnormalities, death within 3-6 months
  • target is oligodendrocyte, nuclei 2-3X normal size filled with viral particles in dense crystalline arrays
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15
Q

BK multiplication in the urinary tract leads to?

A

hemorrhagic cystitis

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16
Q

BK virus persists in the ______ and is shed in the _______, most adults are seropositive for BKV

A

kidney, urine

17
Q
  • occurs in 1-10% of renal transplant patients
  • reactivation of BK virus
  • epithelial cells of tubules and collecting duct are infected, large nuclei, interstitial nephritis
  • can result in renal transplant dysfunction and renal failure
A

polyomavirus associated nephropathy (PVAN)

18
Q
  • icosahedral, non enveloped dsDNA virus, covalently closed circular
  • replication in the nucleus
  • resist cell culture
A

papillomavirus

19
Q
  • high risk types of papillomavirus (16 and 18) lead to?

- low risk types of papillomavirus (6 and 11) lead to?

A
  • cervical cancer, anogenital cancer

- cervical cell abnormalities that resolve spontaneously, genital warts (condyloma accuminatum)

20
Q

papillomavirus genome:

  • encodes for what proteins?
  • capsid consists of?
A
  • 8 proteins, early or late, early sufficient for transformation, late expressed in productively infected cells
  • capsid consists of L1 and L2, DNA is associated with histones to form chromatin like complex
21
Q

biologic characteristics of papillomavirus:

  • high degree of species _______
  • infects only ___________ of skin or mucosa
  • most common clinical manifestation is ________
A

specificity-no examples of transmission to other species
surface squamous epithelia
warts (benign tumors)

22
Q

papillomavirus replication cycle:

  • initially infects the proliferating ________
  • virus does not replicate in _______
  • viral genome maintained at 20-100 copies in episomal state
  • differentiation into keratinocytes triggers virus into ______ cycle
A
  • basal cells
  • basal cells
  • lytic cycle
23
Q

mechanisms of immune evasion by human papillomavirus?

A
  1. does not replicate in antigen presenting cells, lyse keratinocytes, or have a blood borne phase of replication –> decreased opportunity for immune system to detect HPV proteins and to mount immune response
  2. level of production of E6 and E7 in basal epithelium is low and restricted to cell nucleus: limits immune response
  3. HPV delays production of L1 and L2 capsid proteins until skin cells have terminally differentiated into squamous epithelial cells which are sloughed –> less accessible to immune cells
  4. infected keratinocytes may be relatively less susceptible to CTL lysis than other cell types
24
Q
  • anogenital warts
  • 90% caused by HPV 6 and 11
  • rarely become malignant
A

condylomata acuminata

25
Q
  • common wart
  • hyperkeratotic papules
  • HPV 2 and 4 most common
A

verucca vulgaris

26
Q

potential outcomes of HPV infection?

A

cleared HPV infection, CIN1/2/3

27
Q

integration of HPV genome into the host cell usually results in inactivation of ____

A

E2

28
Q

papillomavirus early proteins:

  • ____ and ____ are involved in genome replication and transcriptional control
  • ______ protein has ATPase activity, helicase activity, and DNA binding activity
A

E1 and E2

E1

29
Q
  • transcriptional activator or repressor, repressed E6 and E7
  • mutations disrupt transformation, replication, and transcriptional regulation
  • not essential for replicatoin but makes viral DNA replication more efficient
A

E2 protein

30
Q

E6 binds to and mediates the degradation of?

A

p53

31
Q

E7 binds the ______ protein and displaces the _____ transcript, promoting progression through the cell cycle

A

Rb, E2f

Infectious Disease (22 decks)

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