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Infectious Disease > GI Viruses > Flashcards

GI Viruses Flashcards

1
Q

viruses that enter the GI must be ________, resistant to ______ in the GI tract, and generally transmitted via ________ and must be able to survive in environment

A

acid stable
enzymes
fecal-oral route

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2
Q

5 GI viruses?

A
  1. picornaviruses (enteroviruses)
  2. rotaviruses
  3. calciviruses
  4. astroviruses
  5. adenovirus
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3
Q

polio, coxsackie A and B, echoirus, enterovirus, hepA, and rhinoviruses all belong to what virus family?

A

picornavirus (enterovirus)

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4
Q
  • small icosahedral viruses, family picornaviridae
  • positive polarity RNA
  • translated as polyprotein
  • relatively stable
A

enteroviruses

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5
Q

picornaviruses replicate rapidly, in as little as _____ hours

A

6

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6
Q

_______ rather than immune pathology is responsible for causing disease pathology in enteroviruses

A

viral replication

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7
Q

_______ antibody is transitory but can prevent the initiation of infection, and _____ antibody prevents viremic spread to target tissue preventing disease

A

secretory

serum

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8
Q
  • humans the only host
  • tropism for central nervous system
  • extensive necrosis of neurons in gray matter, affecting anterior horn of spinal cord
A

poliovirus

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9
Q

90% of polio infections are asymptomatic, where virus infection limited to?

A

oropharynx and gut

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10
Q

5% of polio infections result in _________, characterized by headache, fever, malaise, sore throat, and vomiting

A

abortive polio/minor illness

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11
Q

1-2% of polio infections results in _________, where virus progresses to CNS and meninges, get back pain and muscle aches

A

non-paralytic polio/asceptic meningitis

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12
Q

0.1 to 2% of infections lead to _______, where virus spreads to anterior horn cells of spinal cord and motor cortex

A

paralytic polio

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13
Q

enteroviruses as a group cause the most cases of what?

A

asceptic meningitis

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14
Q
  • Salk vaccine
  • good stability and transport, safe in immunodeficient, no risk of vaccine related disease
  • lack of gut immunity, need booster, needs to be injected, higher community immunization levels needed
A

inactivated poliovirus vaccine

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15
Q
  • Sabin vaccine
  • effective, lifelong immunity, induction of secretory antibody response similar to natural infection, no need for boosters, her immunity attenuated virus circulating in community
  • risk of vaccine associated poliomyelitis, spread of vaccine to contacts without their consent, unsafe for immunodeficient
A

live oral polio vaccine

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16
Q

common coxsackie and echovirus infections?

A

herpangina (painful ulcers on palate and tongue), hand foot mouth disease, pleurodynia (fever and intense pain chest area and abdomen), myocardial and pericardial infections, viral asceptic meningitis

17
Q

herpangina caused by _________ virus, causing soft palate lesions, fever, sore throat, anorexia, vomiting

A

coxsackie A

18
Q

hand foot mouth disease caused by ________ virus, patient can but mildly febrile, self limiting

A

coxsackie A

19
Q

known as devil’s grip, associated with coxsackie B virus, unilateral low thoracic peluritic chest pain, average of 4 days, treat with analgesics

A

pleurodynia

20
Q

myocarditis caused by coxsackie B virus –> infiltrate of ______

A

lymphocytes

21
Q
  • presenting symptom may be headache, neck stiffness and photophobia, younger children may have diarrhea, rash, and cough
  • erythematous rash, maculopapular, and vesicular
  • fever up to 5 days
  • anorexia, nausea, vomiting
  • sore throat
  • caused by coxsackie A and B, must be differentiated from bacterial
A

asceptic meningitis

22
Q
  • segmented, double stranded RNA

- 11 segments are rotaviruses

A

reoviridae

23
Q

rotavirus inner capsid antigen ______ has the group determinants, outer capsid antigens ________

A

VP6

VP7, VP4

24
Q

rotavirus:
spread by _______ route
______ infection of intestinal epithelium causes loss of electrolytes and prevents readsorption of water
-large amounts of ______ are released during diarrheal phase

A

fecal oral
cytolytic
virus

25
Q

incubation period of rotavirus?

A

about 3 days

26
Q

rotavirus enterotoxin incorporated into the ER membrane, actively secreted from the apical membrane of polarized epithelial cells, attributed to anion secretion, virus release, calcium mobilization, protein kinase C activation, golgi independent vesicle trafficking for virus exit

A

NSP4

27
Q

ingestion of rotavirus particles leads to infection of adsorptive ________ cells, stimulation of ________, and enterotoxin _____ ; leading to osmotic diarrhea

A

intestinal villus cells
enteric nervous sytem
NSP4

28
Q

quick easy ways to detect rotavirus in stools

A

EIA or latex agglutination

29
Q

the segmented genomes of rotavirus can undergo ______, initial infection and recovery from initial rotavirus infection rarely induces ______

A

genetic reassortment

sterilizing immunity

30
Q

live attenuated (rotateq, rotarix) rotavirus vaccines have been developed, not meant to induce ________ but to prevent _______

A

sterilizing immunity

severe disease

31
Q
  • small non-enveloped viruses
  • (+) ssRNA
  • cause outbreaks of gastroenteritis, generally resolves within 48 hours
  • species: norwalk virus, norovirus
A

calciviruses

32
Q
  • transmittted by fecally contaminated water or food, or aerosolization
  • most common cause of gastroenteritis in the world
  • generally self limting within 48 hours
  • outbreaks on cruise ships, etc
A

norwalk virus

33
Q

diagnosis of norwalk virus done by?

A

RT-qPCR assays

34
Q
  • small RNA viruses
  • assoc’d with cases of endemic gastroenteritis, usually in young children and neonates
  • responsible for up to 10% of cases of viral gastroenteritis
  • diagnosed by electron microscopy only
A

astroviruses

Infectious Disease (22 decks)

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