GI Viruses Flashcards

1
Q

viruses that enter the GI must be ________, resistant to ______ in the GI tract, and generally transmitted via ________ and must be able to survive in environment

A

acid stable
enzymes
fecal-oral route

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2
Q

5 GI viruses?

A
  1. picornaviruses (enteroviruses)
  2. rotaviruses
  3. calciviruses
  4. astroviruses
  5. adenovirus
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3
Q

polio, coxsackie A and B, echoirus, enterovirus, hepA, and rhinoviruses all belong to what virus family?

A

picornavirus (enterovirus)

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4
Q
  • small icosahedral viruses, family picornaviridae
  • positive polarity RNA
  • translated as polyprotein
  • relatively stable
A

enteroviruses

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5
Q

picornaviruses replicate rapidly, in as little as _____ hours

A

6

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6
Q

_______ rather than immune pathology is responsible for causing disease pathology in enteroviruses

A

viral replication

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7
Q

_______ antibody is transitory but can prevent the initiation of infection, and _____ antibody prevents viremic spread to target tissue preventing disease

A

secretory

serum

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8
Q
  • humans the only host
  • tropism for central nervous system
  • extensive necrosis of neurons in gray matter, affecting anterior horn of spinal cord
A

poliovirus

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9
Q

90% of polio infections are asymptomatic, where virus infection limited to?

A

oropharynx and gut

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10
Q

5% of polio infections result in _________, characterized by headache, fever, malaise, sore throat, and vomiting

A

abortive polio/minor illness

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11
Q

1-2% of polio infections results in _________, where virus progresses to CNS and meninges, get back pain and muscle aches

A

non-paralytic polio/asceptic meningitis

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12
Q

0.1 to 2% of infections lead to _______, where virus spreads to anterior horn cells of spinal cord and motor cortex

A

paralytic polio

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13
Q

enteroviruses as a group cause the most cases of what?

A

asceptic meningitis

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14
Q
  • Salk vaccine
  • good stability and transport, safe in immunodeficient, no risk of vaccine related disease
  • lack of gut immunity, need booster, needs to be injected, higher community immunization levels needed
A

inactivated poliovirus vaccine

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15
Q
  • Sabin vaccine
  • effective, lifelong immunity, induction of secretory antibody response similar to natural infection, no need for boosters, her immunity attenuated virus circulating in community
  • risk of vaccine associated poliomyelitis, spread of vaccine to contacts without their consent, unsafe for immunodeficient
A

live oral polio vaccine

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16
Q

common coxsackie and echovirus infections?

A

herpangina (painful ulcers on palate and tongue), hand foot mouth disease, pleurodynia (fever and intense pain chest area and abdomen), myocardial and pericardial infections, viral asceptic meningitis

17
Q

herpangina caused by _________ virus, causing soft palate lesions, fever, sore throat, anorexia, vomiting

A

coxsackie A

18
Q

hand foot mouth disease caused by ________ virus, patient can but mildly febrile, self limiting

A

coxsackie A

19
Q

known as devil’s grip, associated with coxsackie B virus, unilateral low thoracic peluritic chest pain, average of 4 days, treat with analgesics

A

pleurodynia

20
Q

myocarditis caused by coxsackie B virus –> infiltrate of ______

A

lymphocytes

21
Q
  • presenting symptom may be headache, neck stiffness and photophobia, younger children may have diarrhea, rash, and cough
  • erythematous rash, maculopapular, and vesicular
  • fever up to 5 days
  • anorexia, nausea, vomiting
  • sore throat
  • caused by coxsackie A and B, must be differentiated from bacterial
A

asceptic meningitis

22
Q
  • segmented, double stranded RNA

- 11 segments are rotaviruses

A

reoviridae

23
Q

rotavirus inner capsid antigen ______ has the group determinants, outer capsid antigens ________

A

VP6

VP7, VP4

24
Q

rotavirus:
spread by _______ route
______ infection of intestinal epithelium causes loss of electrolytes and prevents readsorption of water
-large amounts of ______ are released during diarrheal phase

A

fecal oral
cytolytic
virus

25
incubation period of rotavirus?
about 3 days
26
rotavirus enterotoxin incorporated into the ER membrane, actively secreted from the apical membrane of polarized epithelial cells, attributed to anion secretion, virus release, calcium mobilization, protein kinase C activation, golgi independent vesicle trafficking for virus exit
NSP4
27
ingestion of rotavirus particles leads to infection of adsorptive ________ cells, stimulation of ________, and enterotoxin _____ ; leading to osmotic diarrhea
intestinal villus cells enteric nervous sytem NSP4
28
quick easy ways to detect rotavirus in stools
EIA or latex agglutination
29
the segmented genomes of rotavirus can undergo ______, initial infection and recovery from initial rotavirus infection rarely induces ______
genetic reassortment | sterilizing immunity
30
live attenuated (rotateq, rotarix) rotavirus vaccines have been developed, not meant to induce ________ but to prevent _______
sterilizing immunity | severe disease
31
- small non-enveloped viruses - (+) ssRNA - cause outbreaks of gastroenteritis, generally resolves within 48 hours - species: norwalk virus, norovirus
calciviruses
32
- transmittted by fecally contaminated water or food, or aerosolization - most common cause of gastroenteritis in the world - generally self limting within 48 hours - outbreaks on cruise ships, etc
norwalk virus
33
diagnosis of norwalk virus done by?
RT-qPCR assays
34
- small RNA viruses - assoc'd with cases of endemic gastroenteritis, usually in young children and neonates - responsible for up to 10% of cases of viral gastroenteritis - diagnosed by electron microscopy only
astroviruses