Parts of the Nervous System (Ch. 18)

Question 1

Bipolar Neurons

Answer 1

Conduct information along sensory pathways.
- eyes
- inner ear
- olfactory

Question 2

Multipolar Neurons

Answer 2

Conduct impulses along motor pathways.

Question 3

Unipolar Neurons

Question 4

Ependymal Cells

Answer 4

• Line the fluid-filled spaces of the brain and
  spinal cord.
• Responsible for producing CSF.

Question 5

Oligodendrocytes

Answer 5

Form insulating myelin sheath around CNS nerve fibers.

Question 6

Schwann Cells

Answer 6

Form insulating myelin sheath around PNS nerve fibers.

Question 7

Central Nervous System

Answer 7

Brain and spinal cord
- Integrates incoming information

Question 8

Somatic Nervous System

Answer 8

Subdivision of the PNs that controls voluntary activities, such as the activation of skeletal muscles.

Question 9

Peripheral Nervous System

Answer 9

Cranial and spinal nerves

Question 10

Autonomic Nervous System

Answer 10

Subdivision of the PNS that regulates the activity of cardiac muscle, smooth muscle, and glands.

Question 11

Neuroglia

Answer 11

Supporting cells found in the CNS.

Question 12

Primary characteristics of neurons

Answer 12

• Excitablility
• Conductivity

Question 13

Macrophages

Answer 13

Engulf invading microorganisms and dead neural tissue.

Question 14

Astrocytes

Question 15

Neurotransmitters

Answer 15

Chemicals released by neurons that stimulate other neurons or muscles.

Question 16

Tract

Answer 16

A bundle of axons in the CNS.

Question 17

Motor neurons (efferent)

Answer 17

Transmit impulses for the CNS to the muscles and glands.

Question 18

Sensory neurons (afferent)

Answer 18

Transmit impulses from the sensory receptors to the spinal cord.

Question 19

Interneurons

Answer 19

• Only in the CNS

Question 21

Sympathetic Nervous System

Answer 21

• Subdivision of the ANS
• “Fight or flight” responses

Question 22

Parasympathetic Nervous System

Answer 22

• Subdivision of the ANS
• Coordinates body’s normal resting activities

Question 23

Enteric Nervous System

Answer 23

• Subdivision of the ANS
• Provides feedback to and from the GI tract

Question 24

Astrocytes

Answer 24

Star-shaped, largest and most numerous type of glia.
- Only in the CNS
- Transfer nutrients to the neuron
- Help restore normal ion gradients
during intense neuron activity.
- (recycle neurotransmitters)
- Create the blood-brain barrier
*tight gap junctions

Question 25

Microglia

Answer 25

Small cells of the CNS.
- Usually stationary
- Constantly scavenging the CNS for
damaged neurons, plaques, and
infectious agents.
- Carry out phagocytosis in inflamed
or degenerating brain tissue.
- May play a role in “pruning” during
development to increase efficiency
of neural circuits.

Question 26

Reflex

Answer 26

Fast, involuntary, unplanned sequence of actions that occurs in response to a particular stimulus.

Question 27

Reflex arc

Answer 27

The pathway followed by nerve impulses that produces a reflex.

Question 28

5 components of a reflex arc

Answer 28

1) Sensory receptor (stimulus)
2) Sensory (affferent) neuron
3) Interneuron (integrating center)
4) Motor (efferent) neuron
5) Effector (response)