Parts Of The Cell Flashcards
Cytoplasm
A jelly-likesubstance that fills the cell and surrounds the organelle. Nutrientsand organellesmove within the cell because of the cytoplasmNucleus
Nucleus
The control center of the cell (controls growth, reproduction, etc.
Nucleolus
Prominent structure (sometimes up to four) found within the nucleus of the cell and where ribosomesare formed
- inside nucleus
Vacuoles
-Store nutrients, wastes, and other substances used by the cell
In plantcells, the central vacuole stores waterfor the cel
Vesicle
Transport substances throughout the cell
Mitochondria ( squiggly bean)
Supplies energy to the cell (converts chemical energy in sugar into energy the cell can us
Lysosomes
Where digestion occurs
-Filled with enzymes(proteins that speed up chemical reactions)
-Break down bacteria and damaged cell parts
Golgi apparatus
Modifies, sorts, and packages proteins and other materials from the endoplasmic reticulum for storage in the cell or secretion outside the cellendoplasmic
Endoplasmic reticulum
Carries materials throughout the cell (made of a series of interconnected tubes
Smooth Er vs. Rough er.
-Rough ERs carry materials throughout the cell and has ribosomes attached to it( RR)
-Smooth ER produces fats and oils with no ribosomes
Ribosomes
Sites where proteins are assembled
Cytoskeleton
Internal network of fibers made up of filaments important in maintaining the cell’s shapecell
Cell wall
Only found in plant cells
-A rigid frame made out of cellulose that provides strength, protection, and supportChloroplasts
Chloroplast
Only found in plant cells
-Contain chlorophyll(green substance that uses energy from the sun to convert CO2and H2O into sugar and O2during photosynthesis
Thylakoids
Little sacs stacked like coins that act as solar collectors, surrounded by a thick fluid called stroma
Granum
The stack of thylakoids
Centrioles
Two barrel shaped structures found perpendicular to each other which release spindle like formations (spindle fibres) during celldivision
Spindle fibres
Released from centrioles during cell division to attachto chromosomes
Plant cells
Rectangular in shape
-Contain cell walls and chloroplasts (with chlorophyll)
-Do not have centrioles
-Have alarge central vacuole
Animal cells
Irregular in shape
-Do not have cell walls or chloroplasts
-Contain centrioles (paired structures involved in cell division)
-Have small vacuoles
Cell membrane
Protective barrier around the cell that allows different substances to move through it
Diffusion
The process for forming substances across the membrane ( particles will diffuse from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration)
