Biology test Flashcards
What two organelles do only plant cells have
Cell wall and chloroplast
Explain the three points of the cell theory
1.All living things are composed of one or more cells or products of cells
2. Cells are the basic unit of life.
3. All cells come from pre-existing cells.
What is the cell theory?
- All living things are composed of one or more cells or products of cells.
- Cells are the basic unit of life.
- all cells come from pre-existing cells.
The seven characteristics of all living things(AARGRAM)
- All living things are made up of one or more cells.
- Must acquire energy from their environment..
- Respond to their environment.
- Grow.
- Reproduce.
- Adapt.
- Maintain homeostatis
An abnormal cell division caused by mutations and carcinogens
Cancer
An abnormal benign or malignant mass of cells that has no physiological function that is formed from rapid or uncontrolled cell growth
Tumour
A non-cancerous growth that does not invade nearby tissues, or spread to other parts of the body
Benign tumour
A cancerous growth interferes with surrounding cells stealing nutrients and invading blood supply
Malignant tumours
A random change in DNA
A mutation
A substance or agent that induces a mutation that is a heritable change in sales or organisms
A carcinogen
The three cancer treatment options
- Surgery :physically removed cancer cells.
- Radiotherapy: high radiation to shrink tumours by damaging rapidly dividing cells to stop them from dividing.
- Chemotherapy: drugs that slow down or stop cancer cells from dividing.(can also harm other cells.)
The process of dividing the cytoplasm during cell division and animal cells it occurs through a cleavage furrow in plant cells. Cell plate is formed.
Cytokinesis
The process of creating specialized cells
Cell differentiation
A cell that can perform a special function
A specialized cell
Three factors that caused the cell to specialize (CEN)
Cytoplasm differences-asymmetric distribution of organelles and other factors
Environmental conditions -variations in temperature and nutrients
Neighbour -substances produced by nearby cells can diffused to nearby cells
An un specialized cell that every cell in our body comes from
Stem cells
What are the two types of stem cells found in humans?
A. Embryonic stem cells-from human Embryo s- these cells have not differentiated and can become any cell type (PLURIPOTENT)
B. adult cells.-found in the brain, bone marrow,blood- limited ability to differentiate can generate all the types of cells in the organ from which they originate (Multipotent)
____potent-these cells have not differentiated and can become any cell type
Pluripotent
___potent-limited ability to differentiate, they can regenerate all the cell types of the organ where they originate
Multipotent
Groups of cells that function together and are specialized for common tasks
Tissue
Name the four types of animal tissue
a. Epithelial
B. Connective tissue
C. Muscle tissue
D. Nervous tissue
Which type of animal tissue forms, a protective barrier by connecting adjoining cell membranes lines, the body cavities and outer surface of the body
Epithelial tissue
Which type of animal tissue joins tissues together, strengthens, supports and protects other tissues, stores, fat, and fills empty space
Connective tissue
What are the three types of connective tissue?
Supporting, binding, fibrous
Two types of supporting tissue and their function
Bone-allows movement provides shape
Cartilage -resistance compressive forces provide support on boney areas were flexibility as needed
Name two types of binding tissue and their function
Tendon-facilitates movement around a joint
Ligaments -stabilize the joint or hold the ends of two bones together
Name two types of fibrous tissue and their function
Adipose(fat)-energy storage
Blood -transports oxygen and nutrients across the body
What does involuntary mean?
When a muscle tissue is involuntary such as smooth and cardiac muscle tissues, this means that we do not need to tell our body to move those muscles and that they move on their own
Name three types of muscle tissues, describe their function
Cardiac-muscle of the heart
Skeletal -used for movement of our appendage
Smooth -lines many organs
Which type of animal tissue creates and sends messages throughout the body and relay signals from the brain/spinal cord to the muscles and glands and the text information from their environment and sugar, the bodies response
Nervous tissue
Name the four types of plant tissue
Epidermal-protective outer covering of plants allows water CO2 02 to pass in and out
Vascular – transport substances throughout the plant
Ground – provides strength and nutrients stores, water, and nutrients
Meristematic– responsible for growing new parts of the plant
Which type of plant tissue is a protective outer layer covering the plant and allows water CO2 O2 to pass in and out
Epidermal
Which type of plant tissue transport substances throughout the plant?
Vascular
Which plant tissue provides strength and support, in the leaves, photosynthesis and gas exchange occur in the meso fill layer, in the roots nutrients and water are stored
Ground
Which plant cell functions to continually produce new cells of various types for the life of the plant and grows new parts of the plant
Meristematic
Name the two types of vascular tissue
Xylem and phloem
What does phloem carry?
Carries sugars in the leaves to other parts of the plant in either direction
What does xylem carry
Carries water and minerals from the roots to the leaves one way only
Pours in the epidermal tissue that allow molecules like water to pass in and out
Stomata
Ground tissue in the leaves this is where photosynthesis and gas exchange occur
Mesophyll
