Biology test

Question 1

What two organelles do only plant cells have

Answer 1

Cell wall and chloroplast

Question 2

Explain the three points of the cell theory

Answer 2

1.All living things are composed of one or more cells or products of cells
2. Cells are the basic unit of life.
3. All cells come from pre-existing cells.

Question 3

What is the cell theory?

Answer 3

1. All living things are composed of one or more cells or products of cells.
2. Cells are the basic unit of life.
3. all cells come from pre-existing cells.

Question 4

The seven characteristics of all living things(AARGRAM)

Answer 4

1. All living things are made up of one or more cells.
2. Must acquire energy from their environment..
3. Respond to their environment.
4. Grow.
5. Reproduce.
6. Adapt.
7. Maintain homeostatis

Question 5

An abnormal cell division caused by mutations and carcinogens

Answer 5

Cancer

Question 6

An abnormal benign or malignant mass of cells that has no physiological function that is formed from rapid or uncontrolled cell growth

Answer 6

Tumour

Question 7

A non-cancerous growth that does not invade nearby tissues, or spread to other parts of the body

Answer 7

Benign tumour

Question 8

A cancerous growth interferes with surrounding cells stealing nutrients and invading blood supply

Answer 8

Malignant tumours

Question 9

A random change in DNA

Answer 9

A mutation

Question 10

A substance or agent that induces a mutation that is a heritable change in sales or organisms

Answer 10

A carcinogen

Question 11

The three cancer treatment options

Answer 11

1. Surgery :physically removed cancer cells.
2. Radiotherapy: high radiation to shrink tumours by damaging rapidly dividing cells to stop them from dividing.
3. Chemotherapy: drugs that slow down or stop cancer cells from dividing.(can also harm other cells.)

Question 12

The process of dividing the cytoplasm during cell division and animal cells it occurs through a cleavage furrow in plant cells. Cell plate is formed.

Answer 12

Cytokinesis

Question 13

The process of creating specialized cells

Answer 13

Cell differentiation

Question 14

A cell that can perform a special function

Answer 14

A specialized cell

Question 15

Three factors that caused the cell to specialize (CEN)

Answer 15

Cytoplasm differences-asymmetric distribution of organelles and other factors
Environmental conditions -variations in temperature and nutrients
Neighbour -substances produced by nearby cells can diffused to nearby cells

Question 16

An un specialized cell that every cell in our body comes from

Answer 16

Stem cells

Question 17

What are the two types of stem cells found in humans?

Answer 17

A. Embryonic stem cells-from human Embryo s- these cells have not differentiated and can become any cell type (PLURIPOTENT)
B. adult cells.-found in the brain, bone marrow,blood- limited ability to differentiate can generate all the types of cells in the organ from which they originate (Multipotent)

Question 18

____potent-these cells have not differentiated and can become any cell type

Answer 18

Pluripotent

Question 19

___potent-limited ability to differentiate, they can regenerate all the cell types of the organ where they originate

Answer 19

Multipotent

Question 20

Groups of cells that function together and are specialized for common tasks

Answer 20

Tissue

Question 21

Name the four types of animal tissue

Answer 21

a. Epithelial
B. Connective tissue
C. Muscle tissue
D. Nervous tissue

Question 22

Which type of animal tissue forms, a protective barrier by connecting adjoining cell membranes lines, the body cavities and outer surface of the body

Answer 22

Epithelial tissue

Question 23

Which type of animal tissue joins tissues together, strengthens, supports and protects other tissues, stores, fat, and fills empty space

Answer 23

Connective tissue

Question 24

What are the three types of connective tissue?

Answer 24

Supporting, binding, fibrous

Question 25

Two types of supporting tissue and their function

Answer 25

Bone-allows movement provides shape Cartilage -resistance compressive forces provide support on boney areas were flexibility as needed

Question 26

Name two types of binding tissue and their function

Answer 26

Tendon-facilitates movement around a joint Ligaments -stabilize the joint or hold the ends of two bones together

Question 27

Name two types of fibrous tissue and their function

Answer 27

Adipose(fat)-energy storage Blood -transports oxygen and nutrients across the body

Question 28

What does involuntary mean?

Answer 28

When a muscle tissue is involuntary such as smooth and cardiac muscle tissues, this means that we do not need to tell our body to move those muscles and that they move on their own

Question 29

Name three types of muscle tissues, describe their function

Answer 29

Cardiac-muscle of the heart Skeletal -used for movement of our appendage Smooth -lines many organs

Question 30

Which type of animal tissue creates and sends messages throughout the body and relay signals from the brain/spinal cord to the muscles and glands and the text information from their environment and sugar, the bodies response

Answer 30

Nervous tissue

Question 31

Name the four types of plant tissue

Answer 31

Epidermal-protective outer covering of plants allows water CO2 02 to pass in and out Vascular – transport substances throughout the plant Ground – provides strength and nutrients stores, water, and nutrients Meristematic– responsible for growing new parts of the plant

Question 32

Which type of plant tissue is a protective outer layer covering the plant and allows water CO2 O2 to pass in and out

Answer 32

Epidermal

Question 33

Which type of plant tissue transport substances throughout the plant?

Answer 33

Vascular

Question 34

Which plant tissue provides strength and support, in the leaves, photosynthesis and gas exchange occur in the meso fill layer, in the roots nutrients and water are stored

Answer 34

Ground

Question 35

Which plant cell functions to continually produce new cells of various types for the life of the plant and grows new parts of the plant

Answer 35

Meristematic

Question 36

Name the two types of vascular tissue

Answer 36

Xylem and phloem

Question 37

What does phloem carry?

Answer 37

Carries sugars in the leaves to other parts of the plant in either direction

Question 38

What does xylem carry

Answer 38

Carries water and minerals from the roots to the leaves one way only

Question 39

Pours in the epidermal tissue that allow molecules like water to pass in and out

Answer 39

Stomata

Question 40

Ground tissue in the leaves this is where photosynthesis and gas exchange occur

Answer 40

Mesophyll