Mitosis And Cytokinesis Flashcards
During which stage of a cell cycle do the replicated chromosomes thicken and become visible?
Prophase
In animal cells which structure is thought to produce the spindle fibres that helps separate the sister chromatids during anaphase?
Centrioles
The growth period
Interface
The replication period
Mitosis
The division of the cytoplasm and its contents
Cytokinesis
The four stages of mitosis are
Prophase, metaphase, anaphase and telophase (PMAT)
The chromatin condenses to form visible chromosomes. Each chromosome contains a sister chromatid which are held together by the centromere. The nuclear membrane disintegrates.
The central move towards the polls and spindle begins to form
Prophase
Chromosomes lineup along the equator of the cell centrioles are attached to the central mirror of each chromosome by spindle fibres
Metaphase
The spindle fibres shorten, and the sister chromatids are separated at the centromere and begin moving towards the polls, they are now called sister chromosomes. The sister chromosomes move to opposite poles and are being pulled by the spindle fiber.
Anaphase
The final phase of mitosis chromosome stretch out and are no longer visible a nuclear membrane reforms cleavage furrow/cell plate begins to form
Telophase
The cytoplasm pinches in half each daughter cell has an identical set of duplicate chromosomes
Cytokinesis
Why is mitosis important?
The process of replicating growing and repairing cells
Predict what would happen if an individual had faulty spindle fibres
Their cells would have a hard time going through mitosis as these connected to the chromosome and line them up during metaphase chromosomes would not separate properly. This could turn into cancer.
Predict what would happen if cytokinesis was skipped
The cells would divide fully
Explain why different kinds of cells in the body might live for different lengths of time
Different cells may have different metabolic rates example, the size and demands of the cells may be more or less
At which time of year would mitosis in a plant occur more frequently explain why
It would occur in the spring because during the fall, the trees get rid of a lot of it photosynthetic apparatus in preparation for winter so in the spring, the cells try to build back all that was ruined during winter
Some drugs that combat cancer inhibit mitosis what effect might this have on healing times
The healing times would increase and slow down. This is because mitosis is the process of replicating growing and repairing cells.
What phase does the nuclear membrane form around the chromosome?
Telophase
In what phase is the spindle formed?
Prophase
What phase are chromosomes replicated?
Interphase
Give two processes which occur during interphase in which are necessary for nuclear division to take place
Growth of the cell and replication of DNA
