parts of the brain

Question 1

4 main divisions of the brain

Answer 1

• cerebrum
• diencephalon
• cerebellum
• brain stem

Question 2

cerebrum

Answer 2

• divided into left and right hemispheres
• hemispheres divided into 5 lobes (frontal, temporal, parietal, occipital, insula)

-fxn: higher mental fxns like learning, memory, personality, cognition, language, conscience

Question 3

diencephalon

Answer 3

• deep underneath cerebral hemispheres–central “core” of brain
• 4 parts–thalamus, hypothalamus, epithalamus, subthalamus

-fxn: processing, integrating, relaying into to different parts of brain; homeostatic fxns, regulation of movement and biological rhythm

Question 4

cerebellum

Answer 4

• divided into left and right hemispheres

- fxn: planning and coordination of movement, like playing a sport or instrument

Question 5

brainstem

Answer 5

• connects brain to spinal cord
• fxn: basic involuntary homeostatic functions; control of certain reflexes; monitoring movement; integrating and relaying into to other parts of nervous system.

Question 6

spinal cord

Answer 6

• extends from brainstem, ends btwn 1st and 2nd lumbar vertebrae
• vertebral canal encloses and protects spinal cord
• central canal is internal cavity w/i spinal cord that is continuous with brain ventricles–filled with CSF (spinal taps access this CSF)

Question 7

white and gray matter

Answer 7

• white= myelinated axons
• gray=cell bodies, dendrites (and unmyelinated axons)

-both brain and spinal cord have both.

brain:
-white is deep (receive input and send output to gray matter) , gray is superficial
spine
-gray is deep (processes info), white is superficial(relays info to and from brain)

Question 8

• name of clusters of neuron cell bodies in
• name of bundle of axons

(CNS)

Answer 8

• nuclei

- tracts

Question 9

• name of clusters of neuron cell bodies in
• name of bundle of axons

(PNS)

Answer 9

• gangli

- nerves

Question 10

frontal lobes

Answer 10

• of cerebrum
• fxn: planning, executing movement. complex mental fxns i.e., behavior, conscience, personality.
• who I am (personality, conscience, planning, behavior) and how I move (executing movement)

Question 11

parietal lobes

Answer 11

• of cerebrum
• fxn: processing and integrating sensory info and function in attention
• parietal = pay attention! ; Process sensory into

Question 12

temporal lobes

Answer 12

• of cerebrum
• fxn: hearing, language, memory, emotions
• temporal=temper=emotions
• temporal-mente=language
• temporal=time=memories
• temporal lobes are near our ears–hearing

Question 13

occipital lobes

Answer 13

• of cerebrum
• fxn: processes all into related to sight
• occiput=ojo=eyes=sight

Question 14

Insulas (lobes)

Answer 14

• of cerebrum
• fxn: functions related to taste and viscera (internal organs)
• insula=INside=INternal organs/viscera
• insula=INsert in mouth to TASTE
• insula=Insulin=eating=taste

Question 15

cerebral cortex

Answer 15

• part of cerebrum
• functionally most complex part of cortex
• outer edge of gray matter
• mostly neocortex = mostly newly evolved part of brain.
• huge surface area due to folds (sulci and gyri)
• all neurons of cortex are interneurons!

-fxn: conscious processes like planning movement, interpreting incoming sensory info, and complex higher functions.

• interneurons receive sensory and then pass into on to motor—interpret sensory and plan motor (movement) MAKES SENSE
• most complex part of cortex=able to do complex higher functions

Question 16

3 areas of neocortex

Answer 16

• makes up most of cerebral cortex
• “newest part of brain”

1. primary motor cortex: plans and execute movement
2. pimary sensory cortices: first to receive and process sensory input
3. association areas: integrate different types of info (this is most of neocortex)